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• W1967209172 abstract "Sometimes experimental results are highly predictable. Often though, the most important and unanticipated findings in science emerge through creative, insightful and tenacious pursuit of lines of thought that challenge the prevailing dogma. In 1995, Barry Marshall and Robin Warren were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology for exactly such a set of experiments. Warren, a pathologist from Perth, and Marshall, a clinical fellow, observed that gastrointestinal inflammation and stomach ulcers were also present when bacteria (later identified as Helicobacter pylori) were seen. Peptic ulcers were at the time believed to arise as a result of stress and lifestyle. Therefore, the proposition in 1982 that gastrointestinal inflammation and peptic ulcers could arise as a consequence of an infectious disease was met with much skepticism. Undaunted by this reception from the scientific community, Warren and Marshall went on to definitively show that H. pylori directly caused gastric and duodenal ulcer disease, and that, furthermore, this disease could be simply alleviated through the use of antibiotics. It is now firmly established that H. pylori causes more than 90% of duodenal ulcers and up to 80% of gastric ulcers. More alarming is the clear association between chronic H. pylori infection and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas and gastric cancers. Research is now intensely focused on unraveling the pathogenic mechanism through which this organism drives the formation of these malignancies. Such important lines of investigation often go relatively unnoticed by funding bodies as they often opt for more short-term funding of projects that follow accepted paradigms, or frameworks that ensure the generation of a product (generally a paper) as an output that can be justified to the taxpayer in the 3-year funding period. Revolutionary perspectives are sometimes much more difficult to defend in the granting scheme, as proposals are heavily reliant on ‘solid’ preliminary data and hypotheses. This short-sighted approach fails to acknowledge the many years of challenging research that underpins discoveries and the enormous contributions that come from rare insights that confront the currently accepted perspectives and that are necessary to make giant leaps forward in medical research. In a change of tack, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council have launched an annual award, The Marshall and Warren Award, which challenges researchers to explore novel and potentially highly illuminating courses of research that take on current orthodoxy, potentially treading in the footsteps of pioneering researchers and Nobel Prize winners Barry Marshall and Robin Warren. The recently announced inaugural award has gone to Professor Christopher Parish and Dr Benjamin Quah of the John Curtin School of Medical Research (ANU, Canberra) for potentially transformative research in immunology. They have made the unique discovery that immune cells responding to a pathogen are able to rapidly transfer their ability to fight a new infection to other immune cells by sharing receptors. Harnessing this mechanism provides an important amplification step in an immune response and may lead to new ways to treat tumors and reinvigorate immunity in immunosuppressed patients. This novel concept may fundamentally change our understanding of how the immune system works and open the way for unexpected approaches in treating infection, cancer and autoimmunity. The Editors of Immunology & Cell Biology congratulate Professor Parish and Dr Quah on winning this prestigious award in recognition of their groundbreaking research." @default.
• W1967209172 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1967209172 date "2011-07-01" @default.
• W1967209172 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1967209172 title "Out‐of‐the‐box thinking" @default.
• W1967209172 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.2011.57" @default.
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