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• W1990470025 abstract "The corticospinal tract is an important target for motor recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) in animals and humans [1Fouad K. Pedersen V. Schwab M.E. Brösamle C. Cervical sprouting of corticospinal fibers after thoracic spinal cord injury accompanies shifts in evoked motor responses.Curr. Biol. 2001; 11: 1766-1770Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (202) Google Scholar, 2Rosenzweig E.S. Courtine G. Jindrich D.L. Brock J.H. Ferguson A.R. Strand S.C. Nout Y.S. Roy R.R. Miller D.M. Beattie M.S. et al.Extensive spontaneous plasticity of corticospinal projections after primate spinal cord injury.Nat. Neurosci. 2010; 13: 1505-1510Crossref PubMed Scopus (284) Google Scholar, 3Barthélemy D. Willerslev-Olsen M. Lundell H. Conway B.A. Knudsen H. Biering-Sørensen F. Nielsen J.B. Impaired transmission in the corticospinal tract and gait disability in spinal cord injured persons.J. Neurophysiol. 2010; 104: 1167-1176Crossref PubMed Scopus (73) Google Scholar, 4Ellaway P.H. Kuppuswamy A. Balasubramaniam A.V. Maksimovic R. Gall A. Craggs M.D. Mathias C.J. Bacon M. Prochazka A. Kowalczewski J. et al.Development of quantitative and sensitive assessments of physiological and functional outcome during recovery from spinal cord injury: a clinical initiative.Brain Res. Bull. 2011; 84: 343-357Crossref PubMed Scopus (40) Google Scholar, 5Oudega M. Perez M.A. Corticospinal reorganization after spinal cord injury.J. Physiol. 2012; 590: 3647-3663Crossref PubMed Scopus (120) Google Scholar]. Voluntary motor output depends on the efficacy of synapses between corticospinal axons and spinal motoneurons, which can be modulated by the precise timing of neuronal spikes [6Bi G.Q. Poo M.M. Synaptic modifications in cultured hippocampal neurons: dependence on spike timing, synaptic strength, and postsynaptic cell type.J. Neurosci. 1998; 18: 10464-10472Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 7Dan Y. Poo M.M. Spike timing-dependent plasticity of neural circuits.Neuron. 2004; 44: 23-30Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (710) Google Scholar, 8Taylor J.L. Martin P.G. Voluntary motor output is altered by spike-timing-dependent changes in the human corticospinal pathway.J. Neurosci. 2009; 29: 11708-11716Crossref PubMed Scopus (100) Google Scholar]. Using noninvasive techniques, we developed tailored protocols for precise timing of the arrival of descending and peripheral volleys at corticospinal-motoneuronal synapses of an intrinsic finger muscle in humans with chronic incomplete SCI. We found that arrival of presynaptic volleys prior to motoneuron discharge enhanced corticospinal transmission and hand voluntary motor output. The reverse order of volley arrival and sham stimulation did not affect or decreased voluntary motor output and electrophysiological outcomes. These findings are the first demonstration that spike timing-dependent plasticity of residual corticospinal-motoneuronal synapses provides a mechanism to improve motor function after SCI. Modulation of residual corticospinal-motoneuronal synapses may present a novel therapeutic target for enhancing voluntary motor output in motor disorders affecting the corticospinal tract." @default.
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• W1990470025 date "2012-12-01" @default.
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• W1990470025 title "Motor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury Enhanced by Strengthening Corticospinal Synaptic Transmission" @default.
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• W1990470025 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.046" @default.
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