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• W2188362271 abstract "The purpose of this study was to assess the phenolic compounds extraction from black currants (Ribes nigrum) by analyzing the effect of ethanol concentration (40-80 % v/v) on the polyphenols obtained. Total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts, expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE), was investigated by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the total monomeric anthocyanin content (TA), calculated as cyanidin 3- rutinoside equivalents (Cyd-3-rut), by pH-differential method. In order to determine the radical scavenging activities (RSA) of the extracts, DPPH scavenging assay was performed. The spectrophotometric analysis of the 70 % aqueous ethanol extract presented the highest values for TPC (3136.6 mg GAE/100 g), TA (182.4 mg Cyd-3-rut /100 g) and RSA (94.7 %). The quantification of the quercetin-3-rutinoside and the quercetin was carried out with a rapid method of reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The obtained results through HPLC analysis confirmed the noticed tends using spectrophotometric analysis. Phenolics have health-promoting benefits; they are of current interest due to their important biological and pharmacological properties, especially the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities. Polyphenols are especially important antioxidants due to their high redox potentials allowing them to act as reducing agents, hydrogen donors, and singlet oxygen quenchers (1). Plant phenolics include simple phenols, phenolic acids (both benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives), coumarins, flavonoids, stilbenes, hydrolysable and condensed tannins, lignans, and lignins (2). Strongly coloured berries contain high levels of polyphenols such as anthocyanins, flavonol glycosides and hydroxy-cinnamic acids (3). Black currant berries are excellent sources of bioactive components such as anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-rutinoside, delphinidin 3- rutinoside), flavonols (quercetin 3-rutinoside, myricetin 3- rutinoside), procyanidins and phenolic acids (3- caffeoylquinic acid). Current studies have shown that anthocyanins display a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant (4), antimicrobial and anti- carcinogenic activities (5), improvement of vision (6), induction of apoptosis (7), and neuroprotective effects (8). Recently, ultrasound was effectively and rapidly applied to extract polyphenolics from plant material (9). The low frequency of ultrasound (in the kHz range) has the advantage of reduced extraction times and enhanced extraction yield. The efficient extraction of polyphenolics by ultrasound is attributed to the cavitational phenomenon, through the microscopic bubbles produced by alternating low- and high - pressure waves generated by ultrasonic sound. Bubbles filled with solvent vapours are produced at low pressure, compressed and finally implode at high pressure, leading to a powerful shock wave and enhanced mixing in the solvent extraction system (10). High-power ultrasound improves solvent extraction from plant material mainly due to its mechanical effects (11). These effects via cavitational collapse of bubbles enhance mass transfer rate and solvent penetration into cellular materials. In addition, the disruption or damage of biological cell walls by ultrasound results in facilitated release of the intracellular contents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol concentration on the ultrasound extraction of the phenolic compounds from black currants. The binary mixture of solvents (ethanol: water) was chosen due to its non-toxic properties and for limited number of works about the extraction of polyphenols from black currants in these systems. The extracts were investigated for total phenolic content, total monomeric anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, individual flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, quercetin-3-rutinoside and quercetin) were determined using the HPLC developed method. Experimental part Materials and methods Folin-Ciocalteau phenol reagent, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazyl), methanol, ethanol, were provided by Merck. Polyphenols standards: gallic acid and catechin, epicatechin, quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin), quercetin were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich. All the other reagents used in the experiments were of analytical grade. Black currants (Ribes nigrum) were obtained from Romania local market. The sample was dried, then ground (Fritsch Pulverisette 14, at 6000 RPM), sifted for homogenization through a sieve of 0.5 μm and stored at -20 °C to avoid compound degradation." @default.
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• W2188362271 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W2188362271 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2188362271 title "Ethanol Concentration Effect on the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Ribes nigrum Assessed by Spectrophotometric and HPLC-DAD Methods" @default.
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