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• W2192149141 abstract "The spectral gap—the energy difference between the ground state and first excited state of a system—is central to quantum many-body physics. Many challenging open problems, such as the Haldane conjecture, the question of the existence of gapped topological spin liquid phases, and the Yang–Mills gap conjecture, concern spectral gaps. These and other problems are particular cases of the general spectral gap problem: given the Hamiltonian of a quantum many-body system, is it gapped or gapless? Here we prove that this is an undecidable problem. Specifically, we construct families of quantum spin systems on a two-dimensional lattice with translationally invariant, nearest-neighbour interactions, for which the spectral gap problem is undecidable. This result extends to undecidability of other low-energy properties, such as the existence of algebraically decaying ground-state correlations. The proof combines Hamiltonian complexity techniques with aperiodic tilings, to construct a Hamiltonian whose ground state encodes the evolution of a quantum phase-estimation algorithm followed by a universal Turing machine. The spectral gap depends on the outcome of the corresponding ‘halting problem’. Our result implies that there exists no algorithm to determine whether an arbitrary model is gapped or gapless, and that there exist models for which the presence or absence of a spectral gap is independent of the axioms of mathematics. The spectral gap problem—whether the Hamiltonian of a quantum many-body problem is gapped or gapless—is rigorously proved to be undecidable; there exists no algorithm to determine whether an arbitrary quantum many-body model is gapped or gapless, and there exist models for which the presence or absence of a spectral gap is independent of the axioms of mathematics. In quantum many-body physics, the spectral gap is the energy difference between the ground state of a system and its first excited state. Establishing whether it is possible to make a decision about the system being gapped or gapless, given a specific model Hamiltonian, is a long-standing problem in physics known as the spectral gap problem. Here, Toby Cubitt et al. prove that the spectral gap problem is undecidable. Although it had been known before that deciding about the existence of a spectral gap is difficult, this result proves the strongest possible form of algorithmic difficulty for a core problem of many-body physics." @default.
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• W2192149141 date "2015-12-01" @default.
• W2192149141 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2192149141 title "Undecidability of the spectral gap" @default.
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• W2192149141 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16059" @default.
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