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• W2753642793 abstract "ABSTRACT 2017-262 Over recent decades there has been an increase in the shipping of chemicals at sea with a subsequent increase in the risk of incidents involving hazardous and noxious substances (HNS). Typically, during HNS spills and during scenario planning the impact upon marine organisms is estimated using spill model predictions of time-weighted average (TWA) or peak concentration compared to a predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) derived from laboratory based constant exposure toxicity studies. This paper evaluates two marine transported chemicals, aniline and benzalkonium chloride, and compares their toxicity during standard (constant) and brief (spill-profiled) exposures. Toxicity was evaluated for the copepod Tisbe battagliai, the red algae Ceramium tenuicorne and the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and aniline exhibited toxicity in similar concentration range with EC50s typically 1–2 mg l−1 range during constant exposures. When brief or spill-profiled exposures were considered, contrasting effects for the two test chemicals were shown across the range of test species. Exposure to BAC resulted in significant effects to T. battagliai (the most sensitive species to this chemical) after 1-hour exposure to a concentration of 5 mg l−1 but for aniline recovery of the test organisms still occurred in exposures of a few hours at concentrations up to 300 mg l−1. Thus, a spill of a chemical with a specific mode of toxicity results in greater effects following relatively brief exposures, and exposed organisms show little or no recovery. In such cases impacts might be expected to be more extensive and persistent. In conclusion, for chemicals with specific modes of toxic action brief exposures, and possibly limited spill profile studies may be useful to support chemical spill risk assessment. Considerations of concentration exposure profiles during spills may also be relevant to take account of when considering oil spill impact plans and predictions." @default.
• W2753642793 created "2017-09-15" @default.
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• W2753642793 date "2017-05-01" @default.
• W2753642793 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2753642793 title "Assessing spill risks and impact from Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS): Are standard toxicity data enough?" @default.
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• W2753642793 doi "https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.1965" @default.
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