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• W2953422853 endingPage "686" @default.
• W2953422853 startingPage "674" @default.
• W2953422853 abstract "As in the CNS, in the immune system two principal types of information can be distinguished: context information concerning the milieu during activation and event information regarding the structure of the antigen. During CD4+ T cell memory formation, information is transferred from the initial store (i.e., APCs expressing peptide–MHC II complexes) to the long-term store (i.e., CD4+ T cells expressing cognate TCRs). In the course of information transfer, context information is lost and event information is stored in an abstracted form. Sleep supports both neurobehavioral and immunological memory formation. Modulation of T cell traffic is one likely mechanism by which sleep can affect memory formation. The mechanisms of CD4+ T-cell memory formation in the immune system are debated. With the well-established concept of memory formation in the central nervous system (CNS), we propose that formation of CD4+ T-cell memory depends on the interaction of two different cell systems handling two types of stored information. First, information about antigen (event) and challenge (context) is taken up by antigen-presenting cells, as initial storage. Second, event and context information is transferred to CD4+ T cells. During activation, two categories of CD4+ T cell develop: effector CD4+ T cells, carrying event and context information, enabling them to efficiently focus their response to tissues under attack; and persisting CD4+ T cells, providing context-independent antigen-specific memories and long-term storage. This novel hypothesis is supported by the observation that mammalian sleep can improve both CNS and CD4+ T-cell memory. The mechanisms of CD4+ T-cell memory formation in the immune system are debated. With the well-established concept of memory formation in the central nervous system (CNS), we propose that formation of CD4+ T-cell memory depends on the interaction of two different cell systems handling two types of stored information. First, information about antigen (event) and challenge (context) is taken up by antigen-presenting cells, as initial storage. Second, event and context information is transferred to CD4+ T cells. During activation, two categories of CD4+ T cell develop: effector CD4+ T cells, carrying event and context information, enabling them to efficiently focus their response to tissues under attack; and persisting CD4+ T cells, providing context-independent antigen-specific memories and long-term storage. This novel hypothesis is supported by the observation that mammalian sleep can improve both CNS and CD4+ T-cell memory. transformation of information such that a general pattern is stored. transformation of an initially labile memory trace into a stable trace. Systems consolidation refers to a process where reactivation of a newly encoded memory representation promotes the transfer of reactivated memory information into the long-term store. explicit and conscious memories for facts and episodes. Encoding and recall of declarative memory crucially relies on the hippocampus and associated medial temporal lobe structures. uptake of new information into an initial store during learning. neuroscientific theory postulating that persisting firing at synapses induces cellular changes and therewith a memory trace. phenomenon that an immune response focuses on only a few of many antigenic epitopes. molecular motifs of pathogens or stressed cells that activate the innate immune system through conserved pattern recognition receptors. retrieval of memories from the long-term store. categorized, more general memory of encoded information that encompasses representations of salient communalities across experienced events rather than the specificity that makes those events unique. deepest form of non-rapid eye movement (NonREM) sleep that is hallmarked by slow waves (0.5–4 Hz) in the electroencephalogram. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is the second of the two core sleep stages of sleep, characterized by wake-like, low-amplitude, fast-frequency activity in the electroencephalogram, sometimes termed ‘paradoxical sleep’." @default.
• W2953422853 created "2019-07-12" @default.
• W2953422853 creator A5036040037 @default.
• W2953422853 creator A5047309612 @default.
• W2953422853 creator A5087331978 @default.
• W2953422853 date "2019-08-01" @default.
• W2953422853 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2953422853 title "Sleep Matters: CD4+ T Cell Memory Formation and the Central Nervous System" @default.
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