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• W3161133354 abstract "Rethinking Campaigns, Bureaucracy, and Rural Development in East Asia and Beyond Julia C. Strauss (bio) Kristen Looney's Mobilizing for Development: The Modernization of Rural East Asia is a wonderful book that engages simultaneously on at least three fronts. It chooses an important but overlooked phenomenon that intersects with sub-literatures concerned with the East Asian developmental state, rural development, and campaigns. Adding to this already significant set of ambitions, Looney engages in what one might call three and a half comparisons: Taiwan, South Korea, and China, with Japan being the extra half. Japan is never fully elaborated as a case study, but, as Looney recognizes, the country looms large in the background for both Taiwan and South Korea, and therefore at one remove for China as well. And if all this were not enough, Mobilizing for Development also ranges across two asynchronous time periods: the 1950s to 1970s, but focusing on the 1970s, for Taiwan and South Korea; and the 1980s to the 2000s for China, centering heavily on the Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao years of 2003–13. The sub-literatures incorporated, the time periods traversed, and the difficulties of working on and in such different places as Taiwan, Korea, and China with both historical and contemporary materials, to mention nothing of the obvious importance of the questions addressed, all make Mobilizing for Development an exemplary piece of comparative case study and historical sociological research. It makes me, for one, want to stand up and salute this achievement, right before assigning the book to every postgraduate class I have ever taught or have yet to teach in Chinese politics or comparative development and handing it out as a how to do it model to every prospective PhD student contemplating comparative and historical research. Looney's particular gift for this research lies in her consistent ability to steer between the Scylla of unnecessary detail and the Charybdis of undue violence to her case study material. What emerges is a clear and convincing argument that is well supported by evidence. Given that literature on the East Asian developmental state consistently overlooks the rural sector after land reform, her focus on the countryside reveals a pattern [End Page 141] equally overlooked: that the East Asian developmental states implemented campaigns rather than straight-up technocracies to bring development to rural areas. After this significant corrective to this literature, Looney then lays out the very different ways in which campaigns of rural development played out in these three locales with a spectrum of results ranging from highly effective (Taiwan) to mixed (South Korea) to ineffective (China). In analyzing the factors behind these different campaign outcomes, the book argues—to my mind, quite convincingly—that the effectiveness of rural development campaigns was in turn a function of whether intermediary rural organizations, particularly farmers' organizations, were linked to higher levels of the state while being simultaneously autonomous from the state. High levels of farmer participation and financial and managerial independence in turn gave these organizations a certain degree of voice and influence over rural policy (p. 39). Measured against these two variables, farmers' organizations in Taiwan possessed both; South Korea's had linkages to higher levels of the state, but not autonomy from it; and those in China had neither linkages nor autonomy. The book's argument is so neat, the questions raised so compelling, and the execution of the comparative and empirical work so exemplary that it seems almost churlish to query some of its analytical premises. But reviews being what they are, some degree of quibble is de rigueur. Mine is less a quibble than a sense that, fantastic as this monograph is, there are a number of important conceptual opportunities lost. This is particularly true with respect to the notion of campaign and how campaigns in turn relate to institutions, most notably the bureaucratic institutions of the state. But to simply define a state campaign as policies that demand high levels of mobilization to achieve dramatic change (p. 27) and rural modernization campaigns as policies that aim to transform the countryside through bureaucratic and popular mobilization (p. 29) is to define them as blunt analytical constructs. Because campaigns are by definition extraordinary..." @default.
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• W3161133354 date "2021-01-01" @default.
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• W3161133354 title "Rethinking Campaigns, Bureaucracy, and Rural Development in East Asia and Beyond" @default.
• W3161133354 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/asp.2021.0023" @default.
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