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- W37839726 abstract "This article updates the literature on the treatment of epilepsy in women of reproductive age. Specific areas discussed include the effect of menstruation on seizure frequency, use of oral contraceptives (OCs), the effect of pregnancy on epilepsy, the effect of seizures on pregnancy and the fetus, the impact of antiepileptic drugs on the fetus, medical termination of pregnancy, breast feeding, and the risk of epilepsy in offspring. Exacerbtion of seizure activity is often seen in premenstrual and menstrual phases, and cyclic use of acetazolamide and/or progesterone (which exerts a protective effect against seizures) is recommended. OCs appear to have only a minor impact on epilepsy and the metabolism of antiepileptic drugs. On the other hand, these drugs can influence the metabolism and effectiveness of OCs. Concomitant use of OCs and antiepileptics can result in a higher incidence of acne and hirsutism, increased intermenstrual bleeding, and failure of contraception. The incidence of contraceptive failure is higher with low-dose estrogen OCs. In general, pregnancy appears to have an unfavorable effect on cerebral dysrrhythmia in epileptics. Possible causes for the increase in seizure frequency during pregnancy include psychological, hormonal, metabolic, and pharmacokinetic factors. The effect of epilepsy and antiepileptics on offspring is unclear. There appears to be an increased risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirths in women taking antiepileptic drugs. In addition, a 3-fold increase in the incidence of congenital malformations has been noted in these women. The risks of birth defects are greater when there is a family history of birth defects, when the father is also epileptic, when a previous pregnancy resulted in a malformed child, when seizures during pregnancy are poorly controlled, and when multipel antiepileptic drugs are used in high doses. Although offspring may inherit the epileptic trait, they do not always manifest the disease." @default.
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- W37839726 date "1985-05-01" @default.
- W37839726 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W37839726 title "Treatment of epilepsy in women of childbearing age." @default.
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