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• W4236211635 abstract "Abstract. An integral part of air quality management is knowledge of the impact of pollutant sources on ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM). There is also a growing desire to directly use source impact estimates in health studies; however, source impacts cannot be directly measured. Several limitations are inherent in most source apportionment methods, which has led to the development of a novel hybrid approach that is used to estimate source impacts by combining the capabilities of receptor modeling (RM) and chemical transport modeling (CTM). The hybrid CTM-RM method calculates adjustment factors to refine the CTM-estimated impact of sources at monitoring sites using pollutant species observations and the results of CTM sensitivity analyses, though it does not directly generate spatial source impact fields. The CTM used here is the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, and the RM approach is based on the Chemical Mass Balance model. This work presents a method that utilizes kriging to spatially interpolate source-specific impact adjustment factors to generate revised CTM source impact fields from the CTM-RM method results, and is applied to January 2004 over the continental United States. The kriging step is evaluated using data withholding and by comparing results to data from alternative networks. Directly applied and spatially interpolated hybrid adjustment factors at withheld monitors had a correlation coefficient of 0.89, a linear regression slope of 0.83 ± 0.02, and an intercept of 0.14 ± 0.02. Refined source contributions reflect current knowledge of PM emissions (e.g., significant differences in biomass burning impact fields). Concentrations of 19 species and total PM2.5 mass were reconstructed for withheld monitors using directly applied and spatially interpolated hybrid adjustment factors. The mean concentrations of total PM2.5 for withheld monitors were 11.7 (± 8.3), 16.3 (± 11), 8.59 (± 4.7), and 9.20 (± 5.7) μg m−3 for the observations, CTM, directly applied hybrid, and spatially interpolated hybrid predictions, respectively. Results demonstrate that the hybrid method along with a spatial extension can be used for large-scale, spatially resolved source apportionment studies where observational data are spatially and temporally limited. Data withholding also provides an estimate of method uncertainty. Species concentrations were reconstructed using spatial hybrid results, and the error relative to observed concentrations was greatly reduced as compared to CTM-simulated concentrations." @default.
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• W4236211635 date "2015-01-29" @default.
• W4236211635 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W4236211635 title "Development of PM_2.5 source impact spatial fields using a hybrid source apportionment air quality model" @default.
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• W4236211635 doi "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-645-2015" @default.
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