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• W760118848 abstract "A multi-site experiment was conducted at Paloma Ranch, west of Gila Bend in Maricopa County and at Wellton in Yuma County Arizona. NuCotn 33B was dry planted and watered-up on 28 April 1998. Various rates of application of nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca) from CN-9 [9-0-0-11Ca (5Ca(NO3)2•NH4NO3•10H2O)] was used to evaluate the check. The CN-9 was applied as a foliar application directly to the seed bed on 27 April 1998. Treatment 1 was the check plot that received no CN-9. Treatment 2 received a 12 gal./acre application of CN-9 while treatment 3 received a 15 gal./acre application of CN-9. Each gal of CN-9 weighs approx. 12.2 lbs. and contains 1.1 lbs. of N and 1.4 lbs. of Ca. Treatment 2 received a total of 13 N/acre while treatment 3 received a total of 17 N/acre via CN-9. Treatment 1 received only farm standard applications of UAN-32. Treatments 2 and 3 each received farm standard applications of UAN-32 after the application of CN-9 for continued crop N needs. A total of 17 lbs./acre of Ca was applied to treatment 2 and 21 lbs./acre of Ca was applied to treatment 3. No significant differences were found among the various treatments in terms of plant growth, soil water content, ECe values, and sodium absorption ratios. Lint yields were not significantly different (P<0.05). Introduction Soils in the desert Southwest have long been associated with saline and/or sodic conditions that can cause difficulties in water penetration as well as nutrient relationships. These soils have long been the focus of specific management techniques to control and manage sodium (Na) problems. Sodic soils are by definition are those soils which contain an exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of 15% or more. They can also be characterized as having a Na absorption ratio (SARe) from a saturated soil extract of 13 or greater. Soils high in Na are inclined to have water penetration and infiltration problems due to the dispersion of clay particles within the soil (Yousaf et.al. 1987; Amezketa and Aragues, 1995). Dispersion of clay particles allows them to be transported into pore spaces that were previously available for water penetration and infiltration. Sealing of soil pores can produce a crusting problem that can inhibit seedling emergence and growth. Sodic conditions cannot be corrected with additional irrigation (leaching) applications alone, in fact, the problem may be exacerbated by applying additional water, particularly if it is high in Na. Leaching of a sodic soil can remove the divalent cations calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) from the soil profile and root zone leaving the monovalent cation Na. Calcium and Mg are the primary elements that contribute to soil flocculation while Na causing dispersion in a soil. Sodium (Na) causes dispersion of a soil because of its large hydrated radius, as compared to Ca, Mg and potassium (K). The large hydrated radius of Na forces the clay particles apart creating a dispersed soil condition. Saline soils are defined as a non-sodic soil that contain sufficient soluble salts to impair plant growth and productivity (Brady, 1974). Saline soils generally are found to have an electrical conductivity (ECe) of 4 mmhos/cm or greater from a saturated extract. Saline conditions are generally easier to correct as compared to sodic or saline-sodic soils were leaching can be an effective treatment." @default.
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• W760118848 title "Evaluation of a Foliar Applied Seed Bed Calcium Soil Conditioner in in Irrigated Cotton Production System" @default.
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