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- 29cce9aa-e040-4ff1-88d5-e12ec10d91d7 definition "The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis IIASA is anongovernmental research organization located in Austria Theinstitute conducts interdisciplinary scientific studies onenvironmental economic technological and social issues in thecontext of human dimensions of global change We are sponsored by ourNational Member Organizations in Africa Asia Europe and NorthAmericaIIASA researchers study environmental economic technological andsocial developments In doing so they generate methods and toolsuseful to both decision makers and the scientific community The workis based on original stateoftheart methodology and analyticalapproaches and links a variety of natural and social sciencedisciplinesWebsite httpwwwiiasaacatSummary provided by IIASA" @default.
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- 29f04f16-3652-4210-bd9e-1578718aac70 definition "Scientific Objectives Growing concerns with effects of climatic anomalies have brought therealization that climate itself is dynamic and that observations from theoceans require the same detailed study that has been devoted to observationfrom stations on land for over a century These considerations formed the starting point for the construction of aComprehensive OceanAtmosphere Data Set COADS Development of COADS is acontinuing cooperative effort between the National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration NOAA its Environmental Research Laboratories NationalClimatic Data Center NCDC and Cooperative Institute for Research inEnvironmental Sciences CIRES and the National Science Foundations NationalCenter for Atmospheric Research NCAR Initiated in 1981 the COADS projecthas used modern formats to minimize storage volume and other innovations indata organization to provide for the firsttime convenient and efficientaccess to a unique record of oceanatmosphere behavior beginning in 1854 andcontinuing into the futureProject Description Global marine data observed during 18541979 primarily byshipsofopportunity have been collected edited and summarizedstatistically for each month of each year of the period using 2 degreelatitude times 2 degree longitude boxes Products now available in a firstrelease from this Comprehensive OceanAtmosphere Data Set include fullqualitycontrolled trimmed reports and summaries Each of the 70 millionunique reports contains 28 elements of weather position etc as well asflags indicating which observations were statistically trimmed Thesummaries give 14 statistics such as the median and mean for each of eightobserved variables of air and sea surface temperatures wind pressurehumidity and cloudiness plus 11 derived variables Relatively noisyuntrimmed individual reports and summaries giving 14 statistics for each ofthe eight observed variables are available for investigators who prefer theirown quality control Two other report forms inventories and decademonthsummaries are among the other data products available FORTRAN 77 softwareavailable to help read packed binary data products and processing detailssuch as the method of identifying duplicate reports are also describedData Products COADS products currently available from NCAR or NCDC are listed in thefollowing table Product numbers correspond to Release 1 gaps in numberingrefer to earlier versions of available products that are no longer supportedType of product is indicated by R individual marine reports M 2 degreesyearmonth summaries D 2 degrees decademonth summaries or otherThe number of tapes is based on a tape density of 6250 charactersinchFootnotes to commonly selected products give some additional details minorproducts may later be reviewed for retention All tapes are availablethrough NCAR except product number 19 which is available through NCDC PRODUCT TYPE No of TAPES1 Long Marine Reports LMR R 482 Inventories INV 16 Decadal Summary Untrimmed Limits DSUL 18 Trimming Performance TRP 29 Decadal Summaries Trimmed DST D 210 Compressed Marine Reports CMR R 1812 Decadal Summaries Untrimmed DSU D 213 Monthly Summaries Untrimmed Timesort MUST M 914 Monthly Summaries Untrimmed Boxsort MSUB M 915 Monthly Summaries Trimmed Timesort MSTT M 1816 Monthly Summaries Trimmed Boxsort MSTB M 1717 Monthly Summary Untrimmed Groups MSUG M 418 Monthly Summary Trimmed Groups MSTG M 1019 NCDC Result TD1129 R 115 The complete observational record stored in a variablelength formatSort is by 10 degree box year month 1 degree box day hour and deckDuplicate reports have either been eliminated or flagged Coverage18001969 56 suspect reports in 18001852 are included 197079separately landlocked reports are flagged Volume 395 Gbit A selection of 28 frequently used elements Individual ship number or callsign is omitted as are wave and swell fields etc Variables outsidetrimming limits were flagged Sort is by 10 degree box month 2 degree boxyear day hour longitude latitude Coverage 18541969 197079separately landlocked reports are flagged Volume 137 Gbit Five trimmed groups each containing four variables with eight statisticsincluded for each variable Sort is by year month 2 degree box Coverage18541979 landlocked data are deleted Volume 172 Gbit per group 45million yearmonth2 degree boxes Two tapes per group file thus 4untrimmed and 10 trimmed tapes total The full observational record except for some nearduplicate reports inan ASCIICharacter TD1129 format Sort is by Marsden Square MSQ yearmonth 1 degree MSQ day hour deck or for 197079 MSQ 1 degree MSQ yearmonth day hour deck Coverage 18001969 197079 separately landlockedreports are flagged Volume 846 GbitContactsNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchData Support SectionNCARSCDPO Box 3000Boulder CO 80307Phone 3034971219FAX 3034971298Email datahelpncarucareduNCAR Home Page httpwwwucareduNational Climatic Data Center151 Patton Avenue Room 120Federal BuildingAsheville NC 288015001Phone 7042714800FAX 7042714876email ordersncdcnoaagovNCDC Home Page httpwwwncdcnoaagovFTP ftp hurricanencdcnoaagov login storm password researchReferences Woodruff SD RJ Slutz RL Jenne and PM Steurer Bulletin of theAmerican Meteorological Society Vol 68 No 10 October 1987 USA Slutz RJ SJ Lubker JD Hiscox SD Woodruff RL Jenne DHJoseph PM Steurer and JD Elms 1985 Comprehensive OceanAtmosphere DataSet Release 1 NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories Climate ResearchProgram Boulder Colo 268 pp NTIS PB86105723" @default.
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