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- W188806855 abstract "User behaviour models are important tools to study human error in the industrial context. With a programmable user model it is possible to simulate user activity, analyse the influence of context on user behaviour and impact of user behaviour on task outcomes. This paper proposes a procedure to refine user behaviour models. The procedure has been developed to support the analysis of accident and incident reports in the operation of electrical power systems. The procedure involves observing the user interacting with a system simulator that replicates situations described in accident and incident reports. This paper focuses on the emotional components of behaviour observed during the interaction. Keywords-User behaviour model; data gathering on human emotions; interaction observation; human error studies. I. INTRODUCTION The analysis of accidents and incidents is essential for the study of human error and central to strategies for preventing these: Human Computer Interaction (HCI) adaptation and improvement in training and task adaptation. Report analysis is the traditional path followed by many authors (3)(15)(23).This approach was adopted by the authors when investigating human error in the operation of an electrical power systems company in Brazil. The studies performed were based on a corpus of 31 reports of accidents and incidents that occurred over a ten-year period. Among the results, these studies resulted in a prototype of a system's operator behaviour model (1)(17). The operator model simulates the dynamic behaviour of a system operator performing tasks during situations and contexts that lead to error. This model has proved to be an important tool for studying, and understanding, human error in that it allows situation contexts to be simulated through the parameterization of behavioural variables cited in the error reports. The original intension was to replicate scenarios in which human error occurred and alter user behaviour to experiment with new scenarios. The parameterization of behavioural variables allowed the simulation of a range of external and internal aspects influences on operator behaviour. The analysis of the corpus of reports revealed that the error reports focus on the technical aspects of the scenario in which the error occurred but rarely address the operator's state while performing the task, often omitting relevant information relating to emotion and behaviour. In its initial stage the model complexity was kept low, with a small number of variables representing operator state. Tiredness, stress, inattention and confusion, were the causes most frequently mentioned in the reports. To refine the original user behaviour model, and in order to better understand the error context, more information about the status of the operator during the performance of a task is required. The proposed refinement consists of adding new characteristics to the model, i.e., extending the set of variables that represent the operator's state. This requires immersing the operator in the work context and replicating scenarios described in the accident and incident reports in order to observe behaviour. The scenarios must account for the wider environment (e.g., the occurrence of lighting, noise, etc.) as well as the immediate environment. This will be achieved with a simulator that replicates the working environment, with all the objects needed to perform the task, as comprehensively as possible (24). In order to analyse interactions and highlight elements that contribute to the occurrence of error, the observation should be informed by methods and tools found in psychology, such as task analysis and the observation of emotional components. This paper proposes the application of Scherer's Components Model of Emotion (CME) (16) to the observation, recording and analysis of the emotional components of operator behaviour. The CME model considers emotion to be an episode of interrelated, synchronized, state changes of subsystems, that are a result of the evaluation of an external or internal stimulus event. The model components are: cognitive appraisal, physiological reactions, behaviour tendencies, motor expression, and subjective feeling (emotional experience). CME was used to structure a range of relevant emotion- measuring methods that can be used to find relevant emotions during the observation of user-system interaction (or with its representation such as the simulator used in this research). The emotions identified, and their relationships, are incorporated into the user behaviour model. To guide the observation an experimental protocol is needed that focuses, among other things, on the user behaviour components. The protocol consists of a set of procedures, activities and" @default.
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- W188806855 date "2011-09-25" @default.
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- W188806855 title "Refining a User Behaviour Model Based on the Observation of Emotional States" @default.
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