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• W1973437211 abstract "Background Non-neutral scapular orientations are often implicated as potential causes of shoulder pathologies. However, their specific influence on shoulder functional capabilities is largely unknown. This study objectively measured scapular orientation and quantified its influence on shoulder muscle activity levels and hand force capabilities during vertical and horizontal manual exertions. Methods Ten healthy male university students performed 24 exertions in combinations of scapular orientation (protracted, neutral and retracted), exertion direction (up, down, medial, lateral) and intensity (maximal or 40 N). Scapular orientation was quantified using an acromion marker cluster method. An orientation by intensity repeated measures ANOVA identified differences in quantified scapular orientation. A two-way multivariate ANOVA identified the influence of scapular orientation and hand force direction on muscle activity and hand force capability. Findings Participants assumed consistent retracted, neutral, and protracted scapular orientations during exertions, and these three orientations were different from each other (F(2, 99) = 158.57; P-value: 0.0001). Scapular orientation and exertion direction influenced muscle recruitment almost universally (P-value: 0.05). Scapular orientation did not influence hand force capability (F(2, 99)=1.34; P-value: 0.05), but a hand force direction effect on force existed (F(3, 99)=144.19; P-value: 0.0001). Interpretation These findings support recommendations of health practitioners who advocate neutral scapular orientations to reduce injury risk, as a neutral orientation achieved a balanced overall muscle use pattern between retraction and protraction. Also, lowered muscle activity and higher maximal forces suggest that downward exertion forces may be preferable when possible." @default.
• W1973437211 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1973437211 creator A5011598146 @default.
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• W1973437211 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W1973437211 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1973437211 title "Quantifying scapula orientation and its influence on maximal hand force capability and shoulder muscle activity" @default.
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• W1973437211 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.09.008" @default.
• W1973437211 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19850383" @default.
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