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• W1974788897 abstract "No AccessJournal of UrologyCLINICAL UROLOGY: Original Articles1 Jul 2000LONG-TERM HAZARD OF PROGRESSION AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR CLINICALLY LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER: CONTINUED RISK OF BIOCHEMICAL FAILURE AFTER 5 YEARS CHRISTOPHER L. AMLING, MICHAEL L. BLUTE, ERIK J. BERGSTRALH, THOMAS M. SEAY, JEFFREY SLEZAK, and HORST ZINCKE CHRISTOPHER L. AMLINGCHRISTOPHER L. AMLING More articles by this author , MICHAEL L. BLUTEMICHAEL L. BLUTE More articles by this author , ERIK J. BERGSTRALHERIK J. BERGSTRALH More articles by this author , THOMAS M. SEAYTHOMAS M. SEAY More articles by this author , JEFFREY SLEZAKJEFFREY SLEZAK More articles by this author , and HORST ZINCKEHORST ZINCKE More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67457-5AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract Purpose: Cure from malignancy is commonly defined as a disease-free state lasting 5 years after treatment. We analyzed clinical and biochemical progression rates after radical prostatectomy for men with clinically localized prostate cancer with particular attention to recurrence beyond 5 years. Annual hazard rates of progression were calculated to determine the probability of recurrence at specific intervals following surgery. Materials and Methods: The records of 2,782 men with clinically localized prostate cancer (cT1–T2) undergoing radical prostatectomy between 1987 and 1993 were reviewed. All patients were treated in the prostate specific antigen (PSA) era so that serial followup PSA values were available from the time of surgery. Analysis was limited to patients who did not receive adjuvant treatment within 90 days of radical prostatectomy. Disease progression was defined as documented local recurrence, systemic progression and/or PSA 0.4 ng./ml. or greater. Lymph node positive cases were eliminated from analysis since almost all received adjuvant hormonal therapy. Annual hazard rates for progression were calculated using the formula: [No. events ÷ No. patients at risk] × 100. Progression-free survival probabilities were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Pathological stage was pT2a–b, N0 (68%), pT3a, N0 (21%) and pT3b, N0 (11%). Biochemical progression-free survival at 5 and 10 years was 76% and 59%, respectively, for the entire study population while those with pathologically organ confined (pT2, N0) cancers had progression-free survival rates of 82% and 68% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. A total of 819 patients (29%) eventually had disease progression, including 160 (6%) with progression after 5 years. Annual hazard rates were highest during the first 2 years after radical prostatectomy for the entire population. Patients with adverse prognostic features (pT3b, PSA 10 ng./ml. or greater, Gleason score 8–10 and nondiploid cancers) had high initial hazard rates that decreased with time to lower levels. Those with pathologically organ confined cancer had low but constant hazard rates throughout followup. Conclusions: Although progression after radical prostatectomy usually occurs early, reflecting the impact of clinical under staging, a significant number of men, including those with organ confined cancers, will continue to have disease progression after 5 years. Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy should be subjected to long-term followup to allow the option of early intervention should progression occur. References 1 : Long-term (15 years) results after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized (stage T2c or lower) prostate cancer. J Urol1994; 152: 1850. Link, Google Scholar 2 : Radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T1–2N0M0 prostatic adenocarcinoma: long-term results. J Urol1990; 144: 1180. Abstract, Google Scholar 3 : Total prostatectomy for clinically localized prostatic cancer: long-term results. J Urol1989; 141: 564. Link, Google Scholar 4 : The incidence and significance of detectable levels of serum prostate specific antigen after radical prostatectomy. 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Google Scholar From the Departments of Urology and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota© 2000 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byDaskivich T, Howard L, Amling C, Aronson W, Cooperberg M, Kane C, Klaassen Z, Terris M and Freedland S (2020) Competing Risks of Mortality among Men with Biochemical Recurrence after Radical ProstatectomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 204, NO. 3, (511-517), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.Pisansky T, Thompson I, Valicenti R, D'Amico A and Selvarajah S (2019) Adjuvant and Salvage Radiotherapy after Prostatectomy: ASTRO/AUA Guideline Amendment 2018-2019Journal of Urology, VOL. 202, NO. 3, (533-538), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2019.Ludwig W, Feng Z, Trock B, Humphreys E and Walsh P (2017) Prostate Specific Antigen Testing after Radical Prostatectomy—Can We Stop at 20 Years?Journal of Urology, VOL. 199, NO. 1, (114-119), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2018.Chalfin H, Glavaris S, Malihi P, Sperger J, Gorin M, Lu C, Goodwin C, Chen Y, Caruso E, Dumpit R, Kuhn P, Lang J, Nelson P, Luo J and Pienta K (2018) Prostate Cancer Disseminated Tumor Cells are Rarely Detected in the Bone Marrow of Patients with Localized Disease Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy across Multiple Rare Cell Detection PlatformsJournal of Urology, VOL. 199, NO. 6, (1494-1501), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2018.Liesenfeld L, Kron M, Gschwend J and Herkommer K (2016) Prognostic Factors for Biochemical Recurrence More than 10 Years after Radical ProstatectomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 197, NO. 1, (143-148), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2017.Sobol I, Zaid H, Haloi R, Mynderse L, Froemming A, Lowe V, Davis B, Kwon E and Karnes R (2016) Contemporary Mapping of Post-Prostatectomy Prostate Cancer Relapse with 11C-Choline Positron Emission Tomography and Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance ImagingJournal of Urology, VOL. 197, NO. 1, (129-134), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2017.Thompson I, Valicenti R, Albertsen P, Davis B, Goldenberg S, Hahn C, Klein E, Michalski J, Roach M, Sartor O, Wolf J and Faraday M (2013) Adjuvant and Salvage Radiotherapy After Prostatectomy: AUA/ASTRO GuidelineJournal of Urology, VOL. 190, NO. 2, (441-449), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2013.Loeb S, Feng Z, Ross A, Trock B, Humphreys E and Walsh P (2011) Can We Stop Prostate Specific Antigen Testing 10 Years After Radical Prostatectomy?Journal of Urology, VOL. 186, NO. 2, (500-505), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2011.Ploussard G, Salomon L, Xylinas E, Allory Y, Vordos D, Hoznek A, Abbou C and de la Taille A (2009) Pathological Findings and Prostate Specific Antigen Outcomes After Radical Prostatectomy in Men Eligible for Active Surveillance—Does the Risk of Misclassification Vary According to Biopsy Criteria?Journal of Urology, VOL. 183, NO. 2, (539-545), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2010.Tollefson M, Blute M, Rangel L, Karnes R and Frank I (2010) Lifelong Yearly Prostate Specific Antigen Surveillance is Not Necessary for Low Risk Prostate Cancer Treated With Radical ProstatectomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 184, NO. 3, (925-929), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2010.Sandler H and Eisenberger M (2007) Assessing and Treating Patients With Increasing Prostate Specific Antigen Following Radical ProstatectomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 178, NO. 3S, (S20-S24), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2007.DI LORENZO G, PERDONÀ S, DE PLACIDO S, D’ARMIENTO M, GALLO A, DAMIANO R, PINGITORE D, GALLO L, DE SIO M and AUTORINO R (2018) GYNECOMASTIA AND BREAST PAIN INDUCED BY ADJUVANT THERAPY WITH BICALUTAMIDE AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER: THE ROLE OF TAMOXIFEN AND RADIOTHERAPYJournal of Urology, VOL. 174, NO. 6, (2197-2203), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2005.HAN M, PARTIN A, ZAHURAK M, PIANTADOSI S, EPSTEIN J and WALSH P (2018) Biochemical (Prostate Specific Antigen) Recurrence Probability Following Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized Prostate CancerJournal of Urology, VOL. 169, NO. 2, (517-523), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2003.Gee Sim H (2018) RE: Extended Pelvic Lymphadenectomy in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy: High Incidence of Lymph Node MetastasisJournal of Urology, VOL. 169, NO. 3, (1090-1090), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2003.ROSSER C, LEVY L, KUBAN D, CHICHAKLI R, POLLACK A, LEE A and PISTERS L (2018) Hazard Rates of Disease Progression After External Beam Radiotherapy for Clinically Localized Carcinoma of the ProstateJournal of Urology, VOL. 169, NO. 6, (2160-2165), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2003.WARD J, BLUTE M, SLEZAK J, BERGSTRALH E and ZINCKE H (2018) The Long-Term Clinical Impact of Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer 5 or More Years After Radical ProstatectomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 170, NO. 5, (1872-1876), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2003.ZELEFSKY M, MARION C, FUKS Z and LEIBEL S (2018) Improved Biochemical Disease-Free Survival of Men Younger Than 60 Years With Prostate Cancer Treated With High Dose Conformal External Beam RadiotherapyJournal of Urology, VOL. 170, NO. 5, (1828-1832), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2003.Bianco F, Wood D, Grignon D, Sakr W, Pontes J and Powell I (2018) Prostate Cancer Stage Shift has Eliminated the Gap in Disease-free Survival in Black and White American Men after Radical ProstatectomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 168, NO. 2, (479-482), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2002.Heidenreich A, Varga Z and Von Knobloch R (2018) Extended Pelvic Lymphadenectomy In Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy: High Incidence Of Lymph Node MetastasisJournal of Urology, VOL. 167, NO. 4, (1681-1686), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2002.Zelefsky M, Fuks Z, Hunt M, Lee H, Lombardi D, Ling C, Reuter V, Venkatraman E and Leibel S (2018) RE: HIGH DOSE RADIATION DELIVERED BY INTENSITY MODULATED CONFORMAL RADIOTHERAPY IMPROVES THE OUTCOME OF LOCALIZED CANCERJournal of Urology, VOL. 166, NO. 6, (2322-2322), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2001. Volume 164Issue 1July 2000Page: 101-105 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2000 by American Urological Association, Inc.Keywordsprostatectomyproportional hazards modelsprostateprostate-specific antigenprostatic neoplasmsMetricsAuthor Information CHRISTOPHER L. AMLING More articles by this author MICHAEL L. BLUTE More articles by this author ERIK J. BERGSTRALH More articles by this author THOMAS M. SEAY More articles by this author JEFFREY SLEZAK More articles by this author HORST ZINCKE More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ..." @default.
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• W1974788897 title "LONG-TERM HAZARD OF PROGRESSION AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR CLINICALLY LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER: CONTINUED RISK OF BIOCHEMICAL FAILURE AFTER 5 YEARS" @default.
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