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- W2100058144 abstract "Abstract Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF/CSF2) is a cytokine produced in the hematologic compartment that may enhance antitumor immune responses, mainly by activation of dendritic cells. Here, we show that more than one-third of human colorectal tumors exhibit aberrant DNA demethylation of the GM-CSF promoter and overexpress the cytokine. Mouse engraftment experiments with autologous and homologous colon tumors engineered to repress the ectopic secretion of GM-CSF revealed the tumor-secreted GM-CSF to have an immune-associated antitumor effect. Unexpectedly, an immune-independent antitumor effect was observed that depended on the ectopic expression of GM-CSF receptor subunits by tumors. Cancer cells expressing GM-CSF and its receptor did not develop into tumors when autografted into immunocompetent mice. Similarly, 100% of the patients with human colon tumors that overexpressed GM-CSF and its receptor subunits survived at least 5 years after diagnosis. These data suggest that expression of GM-CSF and its receptor subunits by colon tumors may be a useful marker for prognosis as well as for patient stratification in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 73(1); 395–405. ©2012 AACR." @default.
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- W2100058144 date "2013-01-01" @default.
- W2100058144 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2100058144 title "Immune-Dependent and Independent Antitumor Activity of GM-CSF Aberrantly Expressed by Mouse and Human Colorectal Tumors" @default.
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- W2100058144 doi "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0806" @default.
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