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- W2203569908 abstract "This chapter focuses on the functional change in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) particle by oxidative modification and its contribution to atherogenesis. HDL contains antioxidant molecules and enzymes in the particle, which oxidizes more rapidly than low density lipoprotein (LDL) during in vitro oxidation. This suggests a possibility that oxidized lipoproteins, including both HDL and LDL, are involved in the genesis of coronary artery diseases and reflect an oxidative stress state of the diseases. Myeloperoxidase, an enzyme in macrophages and neutrophils, may be one of the most potential enzymes concerning in vivo oxidant generation. This enzyme system generates reactive species including hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite, tyrosyl radicals, chloramines, and nitrogen dioxides. Lipoxygenase, which is produced by endothelial cells and macrophages, may also participate in the in vivo oxidation of lipoproteins, because treatment with the enzyme inhibitors prevents cell-mediated oxidation of LDL. The oxidative mechanism of lipoproteins by lipoxygenase is mediated by conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids into lipid peroxides including 13S-hydroxy-9, 11-octadecadienoic acid, and the metabolites are detected in the early stage of atherosclerosis. Peroxynitrite can directly oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, carbohydrates, DNA, and proteins. Functional alterations in HDL by oxidation result in reverse cholesterol transport, reduction of cholesterol efflux, reduction of cholesterol esterification, disruption of cholesterol homeostasis, reduction of antioxidant activity, decrease in nitric oxide production and its function, induction of pro-inflammatory effect, increase in expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor, and induction of cytotoxic effect." @default.
- W2203569908 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2203569908 creator A5015424874 @default.
- W2203569908 creator A5017356230 @default.
- W2203569908 creator A5049966177 @default.
- W2203569908 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W2203569908 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2203569908 title "Functional Change in the HDL Particle by Oxidative Modification and its Contribution to Atherogenesis" @default.
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