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- W2466297301 abstract "The histology, histochemistry, and fine structure of the scolex glands are described for adults of Hunterella nodulosa, Glaridacris catostomi, and Glaridacris laruei. Frontal glands, found in H. nodulosa, consist of a mass of cells at the scolex apex with ducts leading to the syncytial tegument. Faserzellen, observed in G. catostomi and G. laruei, consist of a deeply staining mass of cells in the medullary parenchyma of the neck. Histochemical tests revealed the cytoplasm of the scolex glands of all three species to be rich in RNA and protein, but alkaline and acid phosphatase activity was not detected. Electron microscope observation showed these cells to have extensive endoplasmic reticulum, abundant ribosomes, Golgi, and numerous electron lucent vesicles in the cytoplasm. Vesicles originating from the frontal glands of H. nodulosa were observed releasing their contents to the surface; it appears that the frontal glands of this species secrete an adhesive substance which aids the parasite in attaching to its host. The function of the Faserzellen, on the other hand, could not be demonstrated for the adult worm. The role of these glands in determining site selection and causing intestinal pathology in the host is discussed. Scolex glands in tapeworms have been shown to serve a variety of functions. In the Pseudophyllidea, for example, they are generally considered to be pene- tration glands (Williams, 1966; Braten, 1968). A proteolytic function was also demonstrated for the cyclophyllideans Aploparaxis furcigera and Hymenolepis parvula by Slais (1961) and Taenia solium by Faroqi (1958). However, when Ohman-James (1973) was unable to demonstrate the presence of proteolytic en- zymes in the scolex glands of Diphyllobothrium ditremum, she suggested that the secretory product of this species might serve as an adhesive instead. In contrast, cells in the rostellum of Hymenolepis diminuta were clearly shown to play a neurosecretory role; it was found that the release of secretory material from these cells triggered the strobilization of the worm (Davey and Breckenridge, 1967). There is also evidence that scolex glands are involved in initiating the strobili- zation of Echinococcus granulosus (Smyth, 1971). In the Caryophyllidea two kinds of glands have been reported in the anterior end of the worm: frontal glands found near the scolex apex, and Faserzellen found in the medullary parenchyma of the neck. According to some authorities (Pintner, 1906; Sekutowicz, 1934; Wisniewski, 1930) the two glands are homol- ogous, but this point remains to be proven. The present study, part of a Ph.D. Thesis (Hayunga, 1977), was undertaken to examine the histology, histochemis- try, and fine structure of these glands in Glaridacris catostomi Cooper, 1920, Glaridacris laruei (Lamont, 1921) Hunter, 1927, and Hunterella nodulosa Mack- iewicz and McCrae, 1962, in order to determine their function and their role in causing intestinal pathology in the host." @default.
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- W2466297301 date "2011-01-01" @default.
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- W2466297301 title "The Structure and Function of the Scolex Glands of Three Caryophyllid Tapeworms1" @default.
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