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- W2886103664 endingPage "60" @default.
- W2886103664 startingPage "60" @default.
- W2886103664 abstract "Ideally, pressure driven membrane processes used in wastewater treatment such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration should provide a complete physical barrier to the passage of pathogens such as enteric viruses. In reality, manufacturing imperfections combined with membrane ageing and damage can result in breaches as small as 20 to 30 nm in diameter, sufficient to allow enteric viruses to contaminate the treated water and compromise public health. In addition to continuous monitoring, frequent demonstration of the integrity of membranes is required to provide assurance that the barrier to the passage of such contaminants is intact. Existing membrane integrity monitoring systems, however, are limited and health regulators typically credit high-pressure membrane systems with only 2 log10 virus rejection, well below their capability. A reliable real-time method that can recognize the true rejection potential of membrane systems greater than 4 log10 has not yet been established. This review provides a critical evaluation of the current methods of integrity monitoring and identifies novel approaches that have the potential to provide accurate, representative virus removal efficiency estimates." @default.
- W2886103664 created "2018-08-22" @default.
- W2886103664 creator A5006446301 @default.
- W2886103664 creator A5037018476 @default.
- W2886103664 creator A5059580170 @default.
- W2886103664 creator A5085058813 @default.
- W2886103664 date "2018-08-09" @default.
- W2886103664 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
- W2886103664 title "Current and Emerging Techniques for High-Pressure Membrane Integrity Testing" @default.
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