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- W2904158224 endingPage "12187" @default.
- W2904158224 startingPage "12173" @default.
- W2904158224 abstract "Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multitasking cytokine such that its aberrant expression is related to cancer progression and metastasis. TGF-β is produced by a variety of cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), and it is responsible for regulation of the activity of cells within this milieu. TGF-β is a main inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune evasion, and metastasis during cancer progression. TGF-β exerts most of its functions by acting on TβRI and TβRII receptors in canonical (Smad-dependent) or noncanonical (Smad-independent) pathways. Members of mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, and nuclear factor κβ are involved in the non-Smad TGF-β pathway. TGF-β acts by complex signaling, and deletion in one of the effectors in this pathway may influence the outcome in a diverse way by taking even an antitumor role. The stage and the type of tumor (contextual cues from cancer cells and/or the TME) and the concentration of TGF-β are other important factors determining the fate of cancer (progression or repression). There are a number of ways for targeting TGF-β signaling in cancer, among them the special focus is on TβRII suppression." @default.
- W2904158224 created "2018-12-22" @default.
- W2904158224 creator A5003854183 @default.
- W2904158224 creator A5012519826 @default.
- W2904158224 creator A5070283845 @default.
- W2904158224 creator A5090940628 @default.
- W2904158224 date "2018-12-07" @default.
- W2904158224 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2904158224 title "Transforming growth factor‐β signaling: Tumorigenesis and targeting for cancer therapy" @default.
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