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• W3034696023 abstract "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can carry thousands of nuclei in their cells at all times. The number, shape, and frequency of these nuclei vary substantially among and within species. Some AMF strains, referred to as AMF dikaryons, carry two distinct nuclear genotypes within their cells. The frequency of two coexisting genotypes may vary across AMF dikaryons, raising questions about its significance for mycorrhizal symbiosis. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant root symbionts that continuously carry thousands of nuclei in their spores and hyphae. This unique cellular biology raises fundamental questions regarding their nuclear dynamics. This review aims to address these by synthesizing current knowledge of nuclear content and behavior in these ubiquitous soil fungi. Overall, we find that that nuclear counts, as well as the nuclei shape and organization, vary drastically both within and among species in this group. By comparing these features with those of other fungi, we highlight unique aspects of the AMF nuclear biology that require further attention. The potential implications of the observed nuclear variability for the biology and evolution of these widespread plant symbionts are discussed. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant root symbionts that continuously carry thousands of nuclei in their spores and hyphae. This unique cellular biology raises fundamental questions regarding their nuclear dynamics. This review aims to address these by synthesizing current knowledge of nuclear content and behavior in these ubiquitous soil fungi. Overall, we find that that nuclear counts, as well as the nuclei shape and organization, vary drastically both within and among species in this group. By comparing these features with those of other fungi, we highlight unique aspects of the AMF nuclear biology that require further attention. The potential implications of the observed nuclear variability for the biology and evolution of these widespread plant symbionts are discussed. specialized fungal cell that allows hyphae to penetrate the plant tissue. highly branched haustoria-like structures formed in cortical root cells. Arbuscules are the centers of the bio-directional nutrient exchange between the AMF and the host. group of higher fungi that have septate hyphae and spores borne in microscopic cells called asci. function which allows for degradation of cellular components. group of higher fungi that have septate hyphae and spores borne on a basidium. also known as nonseptate hyphae, tube-looking structures, created by cell walls containing large amount of chitin. They contain multiple nuclei organelles and cytoplasm. Coenocytic hyphae are considered as large multinucleate cells. fungi that grow as a mass of branching filamentous structures called hyphae. the germinating hyphae originating from a spore or a spore subtending hyphae. the process in which new growth in the form of hyphae is produced from a fungal spore. the fusion of two, normally haploid, compatible nuclei. destructive fragmentation of the nucleus, usually during cell death. genetic regions that govern sexual compatibility in fungi. type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in four cells carrying one copy of each chromosome. the symbiotic association between a mycorrhizal fungus and the root system of a compatible plant host. autophagy targeting nuclei. group of nuclei sharing the same genetic information. nuclei undergoing mitosis featured by a graded spatial variation (mitotic wave). the number of chromosome sets, present in a single nucleus. (singular, septum); internal walls separating fungal hyphae into hyphal cells (or compartments). following hyphal fusion, compatible haploid nuclei can fuse and generate novel genetic combinations. Sexual compatibility involves recognition of compatible mates (govern by mating type loci in fungi), karyogamy and ploidy changes, and meiosis. successful hyphal fusion (also called anastomosis) between two genetically distinct strains. group of plant hormones that stimulate spore germination and hyphal elongation and branching of some AMF. sexual spores of zygomycetes following fusion of haploid cells." @default.
• W3034696023 created "2020-06-19" @default.
• W3034696023 creator A5023023630 @default.
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• W3034696023 creator A5085686692 @default.
• W3034696023 date "2020-08-01" @default.
• W3034696023 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W3034696023 title "Nuclear Dynamics in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi" @default.
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• W3034696023 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2020.05.002" @default.
• W3034696023 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32534868" @default.
• W3034696023 hasPublicationYear "2020" @default.
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