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• W4285254977 abstract "The chemical characteristics of the Solfatara-Pisciarelli fumarolic fluids sampled and analyzed by Chiodini and coworkers were investigated by means of simple binary diagrams, chronograms, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Based on these different approaches, it turns out that CO2, H2, CO, and He (and to some extent H2S, N2 and Ar as well) are tracers of deep gases. The concentrations of these gas species and related PC’s depend on the proportions of deep gases in the considered gas mixtures as well as on the temperatures and/or redox conditions in the gas production zone(s). Methane concentration and the PC mainly receiving its contribution are probably governed by CH4 production somewhere within the Solfatara magmatic-hydrothermal system, owing to the nil to negligible methane concentrations in high-temperature volcanic-magmatic fluids. In the triangular diagram of N2-Ar-He, all the Solfatara-Pisciarelli fumarolic fluids are positioned between the He-rich gases from the mantle and/or the crust and the N2-rich compositions typical of most arc-type magmatic gases, apart from a few samples which are slightly enriched in Ar due to air contamination. Further indications are given by the isotopic values of these three gases. In detail: (i) Argon derives from mixing of non-atmospheric40Ar and atmospheric air, with nil to negligible proportions of air-saturated water (ASW), and this implies that the H2-Ar geothermometer cannot be applied to the Solfatara-Pisciarelli fluids. (ii) Referring to the endmembers Caliro et al. (2014), helium originates from mixing of magmatic component M1, with 3He/4He isotope ratio of 3.53 R/RA, magmatic component M2, with 3He/4He isotope ratio of 2.41 R/RA, and the hydrothermal component, with 3He/4He isotope ratio of 1.79 R/RA. (iii) Nitrogen comes mainly from breakdown of sediments, but this process might occur in different places and depths. The δ34S value of H2S was close to the mantle value in the eighties and resulted to be somewhat higher in 1998 - 2001, possibly due to either (i)occurrence of gradual degassing from a single magma batch, without the involvement of new magma or (ii) separation of isotopically light elemental sulfur upstream of the sampling point. The δ13 C value of CO2 indicates that carbon dioxideis mainly produced through thermometamorphic decarbonation of marine carbonates and subordinately by magmatic degassing, with relative proportions close to 80 and 20%, respectively, assuming the equality of CO2 concentrations in these two endmembers. Mantle contamination seems unlikely due to the large proportion of marine carbonate sediments involved in the mixing process. The δ13C values of CO2 and CH4 suggest that these two carbon gases attain isotopic equilibrium at temperatures of 365 to 476°C, in satisfactory agreement with the temperatures of CO2-CH4 chemical equilibrium. The hydrogen isotopes of H2O and the oxygen isotopes of H2O and CO2 were interpreted (i) considering the exchange of oxygen isotopes between H2O vapor and gaseous CO2, (ii) modeling the effects of magmatic degassing, and (iii) taking into account the possible entrainment of secondary steam into the uprising deep fluids. It turns out that the H2O released by magmatic degassing prevails by far over the H2O coming from other sources.∎∎∎" @default.
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• W4285254977 date "2022-01-01" @default.
• W4285254977 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W4285254977 title "Chemical and Isotopic Characteristics of the Solfatara-Pisciarelli Fumarolic Fluids" @default.
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• W4285254977 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98471-7_5" @default.
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