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• W1000074597 abstract "The methane monooxygenase of methanotrophs is capable of catalyzing propene to produce epoxypropane directly in one step, without formation of by-products except water. Compared with the chemical synthesis method for production of epoxypropane, the biosynthesis has promising potential due to the mild reaction conditions, high selectivity and environmental friendliness. In this paper, the conditions were optimized for production of epoxypropane from propene with Methylosinus trichosporim OB3b whole cells cultivated by the traditional method, including temperatures, initial propene concentrations, sodium formate and MgC12 concentrations, which are important factors affecting the epoxypropane biosythesis. Based on the optimization results, the performance of epoxypropane production carried Out with M. trichosporium OB3b of high cell density was investigated, which was obtained by a novel rapid cultivation method developed by the authors. The final concentration of epoxypropane was almost four times of the highest productivity reported so far." @default.
• W1000074863 abstract "Voltage source converter based multi-terminal HVDC transmission system (MTDC) technology is proposed for network interconnection and integrating large offshore wind farms over long distance. Coordinated DC grid management using close-loop DC voltage control and DC droop characteristics are proposed, to ensure smooth system operation and proper power sharing among various DC converter stations. Onshore transmission network support using the MTDC system for providing dynamic frequency regulation and power oscillation damping is outlined. Simulations for a four-terminal MTDC system connecting two offshore wind farms to two inter-connected onshore AC networks are presented to demonstrate the robust performance of the proposed system during wind speed and power variations, and large disturbances caused by onshore AC fault. The proposed system achieves accurate DC voltage regulation and power sharing. It also provides significant damping and stability support to the onshore power networks after AC fault." @default.
• W100007542 abstract "In rocket technology, there is no stabilized, widely accepted terminology. Rockets can be divided according to the methods of aiming and according to the methods of guiding. Rockets can be classified according to the types of fuel used, construction details, types of motors, and so on. The shape of the rocket, its dimensions, and construction are determined, in the final analysis, by the demands that are placed upon it. Therefore, the survey of existing types of rockets shall be made consistent with the purpose of the rocket. This chapter discusses the principle schemes of aircraft, anti-aircraft rockets, and glide bombs, and also presents a description of the construction of certain special rockets." @default.
• W100007563 abstract "Negotiation is a complex human activity and even in its most basic form consists of three elements: communication, strategy and bid evaluation. The elements are exactly the same in automated negotiation. In this paper we present four possible approaches for bid evaluation and strategy but we mainly focus on the communication aspect of the negotiation. Communication lends itself well to be specified and modeled as a protocol, so we introduce a basic automated negotiation protocol which we simulate and verify using PROMELA and the SPIN model checker." @default.
• W100007585 abstract "Natural antioxidants in foods may be from (a) endogenous compounds in one or more components of the food; (b) substances formed from reactions during processing; and (c) food additives isolated from natural sources. Most natural antioxidants are from plants. Most plants contain compounds that possess antioxidant activity. They are polyphenolics that occur in all parts of the plant - wood, bark, stems, leaves, fruit, roots, flowers, pollen and seeds. The antioxidant activities in these plants range from extremely slight to very great. Natural antioxidants may function (a) as reducing agents, (b) as free radical scavengers, (c) as complexers of pro-oxidant metals, and (d) as quenchers of the formation of singlet oxygen. The most common natural antioxidants are flavonoids (flavanols, isoflavones, flavones, catchins, flavanones), cinnamic acid derivatives, coumarins, tocopherols, and polyfunctional organic acids. The antioxidants of plants are phenolics. Some form complexes with metals. However, the major value is in their primary antioxidant activity (i.e., as free radical acceptors and as chain breakers.)" @default.
• W10000766 abstract "This study examined the professional development needs and experiences of secondary principals in southwestern Pennsylvania. Professional development for principals has become critical as school leaders have been challenged by the need to create a school culture that helps prepare students for a global society and concurrently meets the requirements of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) (2001). School leaders need to experience relevant, sustained, job-embedded, instructionally focused professional development in order to successfully lead their schools and students into the 21st century. The purpose of this study was to determine the professional development needs of secondary principals, what their preferred delivery method was for this professional development, what types of professional development initiatives they have participated in throughout the region, and if these all align and support one another. A questionnaire based on the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (ISLLC) standards, the Balanced Leadership Study responsibilities (Waters, et al., 2003), and the Pennsylvania administrative standards was designed and used to investigate the secondary principals' perspectives in relation to these needs and preferences for learning. Based on the findings of this study, the top five professional development needs of secondary principals in the southwestern Pennsylvania region include analyzing data, communicating effectively, using research and practices, building team commitment, developing information and data collection strategies. Coaching was the overall preferred delivery method for professional development for the secondary principals surveyed, followed by the method of mentoring. Many of the initiatives across the region were viewed as providing effective professional development in areas of need identified in the survey. Additionally, many principals recognized the importance of having professional development experiences that allow for professional reflection and collaboration with other administrators, as well as those that were focused on best instructional practices to improve student achievement. The findings of this study can be used to help providers of professional development design learning experiences for principals that address their stated needs through their preferred delivery method. It also offers Pennsylvania's Department of Education a secondary principal's perspective on some of the initiatives across the region. In light of current legislation that addresses principal professional development, the findings may offer some insight into how these initiatives can help support the current Pennsylvania Inspired Leadership (PIL) legislation." @default.
• W100007697 abstract "LinuxTM has long been used for soft realtime applications. More recent work is preparing Linux for more aggressive realtime use, with scheduling latencies in the small number of hundreds of microseconds (that is right, microseconds, not milliseconds). The current Linux 2.6 RCU implementation both helps and hurts. It helps by removing locks, thus reducing latency in general, but hurts by causing large numbers of RCU callbacks to be invoked all at once at the end of the grace period. This batching of callback invocation improves throughput, but unacceptably degrades realtime response for the more discerning realtime applications.This paper describes modifications to RCU that greatly reduce its effect on scheduling latency, without significantly degrading performance for nonrealtime Linux servers. Although these modifications appear to prevent RCU from interfering with realtime scheduling, other Linux kernel components are still problematic. We are therefore working on tools to help identify the remaining problematic components and to definitively determine whether RCU is still an issue. In any case, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that anything resembling RCU has been modified to accommodate the needs of realtime applications." @default.
• W100007712 abstract "Antonio Mendez Gimenez, Javier Fernandez-Rio y Carmen Gonzalez Gonzalez de Mesa Universidad de Oviedo En el presente trabajo, analizamos las influencias de los deportistas de elite sobre los ninos y adolescentes a la luz de las ultimas investigaciones desarrolladas en el campo de los modelos de conducta y de la motivacion de participacion. Para ello, resaltamos la demanda de modelos deportivos del mismo genero en la ninez y adolescencia, y enfatizamos el papel determinante de los medios de comunicacion en la construccion de estos modelos de conducta deportivos. Para concluir, sugerimos algunas implicaciones practicas para el docente de la Educacion Fisica." @default.
• W100007740 abstract "A compact air shower array to observe primary cosmic rays above a few TeV has been installed at Mt. Chacaltaya in Bolivia since 1996. This array is available to observe the air showers above 6 TeV and the longitudinal development curves above 50 TeV. The purpose of the observations is to study the chemical composition and the energy spectrum of cosmic rays in the energy region including the knee of the energy spectrum. First, the consistency between direct measurements (balloon-borne experiments) and air shower observations in the energy region from 50 TeV to 80 TeV is examined and confirmed. Next, the chemical composition and the energy spectrum are derived from the air shower observations. In the study, the longitudinal developments of shower particles are calculated by Monte Carlo simulations, assuming different chemical compositions above 80 TeV. The characteristics of the present air shower array and the comparison of the preliminary observed results with that of the simulations are presented." @default.
• W100007762 abstract "Abstract : The apparent lengths of objectively equal line segments are altered when the segments are enclosed within the arms of an acute triangle. This distortion, which occurs in many natural environments whenever linear perspective cues predominate (e.g., an aircraft runway), is known in the laboratory as the Ponzo illusion. This experiment tested the hypothesis that the illusionary change in length would depend upon the relative depth positions of the triangle and the line segments. That hypothesis arose from prior research which indicated that the destructive interaction among spatially adjacent contours present in such phenomena as visual masking and lateral interference depended strongly on the relative depth positions of the interacting contours. The Ponzo illusion provided a stimulus configuration for determining if the effect of depth position applied to interactions that are not destructive. To provide facile manipulation of depth position the Ponzo stimuli were generated as stereoscopic contours formed from dynamic random-element stereograms. This approach permitted depth position and other parameters to be readily manipulated without introducing potentially confounding changes in proximal stimulation and in the apparent size of the stimulus elements. Estimates of illusion magnitude were obtained under a series of depth positions in which the test lines appeared in depth in the same plane as the triangle and either in front of, or behind the plane of the triangle." @default.
• W100007811 abstract "How to ensure watermark security, how to overcome the contradiction between robustness and JPEG lossy compression, how to cancel out the contradiction between fragility and malicious tamper, and how to reduce the computational complexity are the main issues to be solved in the existing semi-fragile image authentication algorithms based on watermark technique. In this paper, a semi-fragile image authentication algorithm using Zernike moments and watermark is proposed. It can distinguish malicious modification from incidental modification according to semi-fragile characteristics of Zernike moments of the low frequency subband in the integer wavelet transform domain of an image. Combining the semi-fragile characteristics of Zernike moments and the watermark based on human visual system, it can discern counterfeit attack, thus, improving watermark security. Computational complexity is reduced by integer wavelet transform using lifting scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm tolerates JPEG lossy compression to a large extent, and meanwhile it is fragile to malicious tamper and capable of locating the tampered area accurately." @default.
• W100007859 abstract "The mean resting human platelet was specified to be 1 × 3.1 µm2 in dimension, 4–7.6µm3 in volume (Frojmovic and Milton 1982) and 10pg in weight (Iyengar et al. 1979). Carefully prepared platelet-rich plasma (PRP) collected from citrated blood after venipuncture contains discocytes. The number of discocytes with small pseudopodia (echinodiscocytes) does not exceed 10%. Contact activation during centrifugation is the most abundant reason for the presence of activated platelets in PRP. The prefixation of the whole blood with low concentrations of aldehyde before centrifugation is well recommended (Stockinger et al. 1969) to preserve the discoid shape of platelets for ultra-structural examination. Proven washing procedures (Patscheke 1981) or the preparation of gel filtered platelets — preconditions for investigations on platelets under physiological concentrations of divalentions — preserve the resting state of platelets (Figs, 1a, 2a, 3). Additives like adenosine diphosphate (ADP) scavengers (apyrase) or inhibitors of thromboxane A2 are used to prevent platelet activation." @default.
• W100007863 abstract "An evaluation of AIDS prevention and sex education program during a 3-month period in 190 in Peruvian schools (7 controls and 7 with the program) found that the intervention, based on behavioral change models, influenced knowledge and attitudes. Knowledge of sexuality and AIDS was greater among study participants than among controls. Attitudes toward erotophobia, condoms, contraception, and people with AIDS were also different among participants. Intentions to adopt prevention-oriented behaviors were also greater among study participants. A follow-up of 250 students was conducted in order to assess actual behavior change; analysis is pending. The curriculum is easy to implement and low-cost. The intervention and evaluation were developed by researchers and planners at the Cayetano Heredia University in Lima. The curriculum emphasized empowerment, self-esteem, information, attitude change, skill development, and a supportive environment. The 14-hour program covered the following topics: 1) puberty and adolescence, 2) sexual anatomy and physiology and human sexual responses, 3) conception and pregnancy (delivery, breast feeding, and unwanted pregnancy), 4) planned parenthood and contraceptive technologies including abortion, 5) sex and gender (social and cultural aspects and sexual orientation), 6) AIDS/STDs and condom skills, and 7) personal decision making about sexual issues (assertive communication skills and self-determination). Two hours of instruction were provided for each of the 7 units. Support materials included teacher and student training manuals, charts, a sample contraceptive kit, and condoms. Teaching techniques ranged from role playing and brainstorming to collaborative study with friends, family, and community heath institutions. Teachers received special training prior to the intervention." @default.
• W1000078874 abstract "Comunicaciones a la ponencia II: Evaluacion y optimizacion de los disenos de intervencion" @default.
• W1000079068 abstract "From time immemorial, the role of leaders in ensuring excellent organizational performance can not be over emphasized. The need for adequate motivation, suitable working environment, compensation and efficient communication between employers and employees are important to promoting excellent organization performance. Though studies on motivation and leadership role amongst employees are well studied in urban centers in developed countries, less could be said of rural centers in developing countries like Nigeria. Therefore, it was important to evaluate leadership and organizational performance in small- scale industries in Aba, Abia state, Nigeria. The evaluation was done through use of questionnaires with questions tailored towards determining: the relationship between leadership and organizational performance, pattern of leadership and the extent it has affected organizational performance, the factors responsible for worker’s low performance and how leadership style has affected labor management relations and productivity in three selected small scale industries in the study area. After analyzing the result with Chi-square, it was concluded that to attain the objectives of small-scale industries in Aba, Abia state Nigeria, it was necessary that leadership recognizes the needs of the workers, employ appropriate motivational tool such as promotion of staff based on merit and skills, provide suitable working environment and provide an appropriate leadership style that will encourage free flow of information among employer, superior officers and other employees." @default.
• W1000079159 abstract "A recent literature seeks to understand the causes of the high-frequency, asymmetric retail price cycles observed in many retail gasoline markets. However, much less attention has been given to the effects of the cycles, in particular, whether the cycles lead to higher or lower prices and margins. The leading theory for the underlying cause of the price cycles, Edgeworth price cycles, is silent on the issue. The challenge in addressing this most important question has been the difficulty in isolating cycle effects from other confounding factors, especially market structure. In this article, I exploit a unique natural experiment to isolate the effect of cycles — a refinery fire that, in a matter of days, halted cycles that had previously persisted for decades. I find that Edgeworth price cycles lead to lower prices and lower margins. I conclude with implications for competition policy." @default.
• W1000079337 abstract "Objective - To study the perceptions on cure regarding tuberculosis (TB) among the employees working in Adidravidar and Tribal Welfare department, Government of Tamil Nadu.Design - An interview schedule was used to collect the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents andthe data on their knowledge on symptoms, cause, mode of infection, diagnosis, treatment for TB and theirperceptions on cure were collected.Results - Among the 71 employees working in the Tamil Nadu government welfare origination, only ninety twopercent of them have heard of the disease called TB. Forty three percent reported that cough as the mainsymptom, 37% reported TB was caused by germs. Out of 97% who were aware there was treatment available forTB, only 72% reported TB was curable. Disappearance of symptoms (12%) and feeling alright (25%) wereperceived as the cure of TB. Only 26% reported completing the treatment for the prescribed period as cure of TB.Misconceptions reported on cure of TB were abstaining from smoking (95%), from alcohol (89%) from sex (17%)and tobacco (98%).Conclusions - This study suggests for strengthening the need to educate the community in general and theother government sector in specific on symptoms and cure of TB." @default.
• W100007970 abstract "The ability of many pathogenic bacteria to grow as a biofilm results in lower susceptibility to antibiotic treatments and to the host immune response, thus leading to the development of chronic infections. The understanding that biofilms can play an important role in bacterial virulence has prompted the search for inhibitors of biofilm development and of biofilm-related cellular processes. In this report, we present two examples of target-based microbiological screenings for antimicrobials endowed with anti-biofilm activity, aimed respectively at the inhibition of the signal molecule cyclic di-GMP and of quorum sensing." @default.
• W1000079817 abstract "The possible applications of satellite technology in marine geodesy and geodetic related ocean physics were investigated. Four major problems were identified in the areas of geodesy and ocean physics: (1) geodetic positioning and control establishment; (2) sea surface topography and geoid determination; (3) geodetic applications to ocean physics; and (4) ground truth establishment. It was found that satellite technology can play a major role in their solution. For solution of the first problem, the use of satellite geodetic techniques, such as Doppler and C-band radar ranging, is demonstrated to fix the three-dimensional coordinates of marine geodetic control if multi-satellite passes are used. The second problem is shown to require the use of satellite altimetry, along with accurate knowledge of ocean-dynamics parameters such as sea state, ocean tides, and mean sea level. The use of both conventional and advanced satellite techniques appeared to be necessary to solve the third and fourth problems." @default.
• W1000079923 abstract "This two part series explores the value of nursing models and considers whether the fundamental concepts, beliefs and values about nursing in these models are relevant to current policy. This first article provides. an overview of nursing models; how and why they were developed; and some criticisms. The second article will examine the models in the context of contemporary nursing practice." @default.
• W1000080301 abstract "Abstract This paper presents an assessment of operational reliability of elements of pressure, vacuum and gravity sewer systems, based on research focused on 7 different systems. The article discusses both traditional (gravity) sewer systems and unconventional sewer systems that are implemented on a large scale. The analysis and assessment were based on the data collected during investigations of real sewer systems over a period of 3 to 5 years. On the basis of the analyses, this paper presents the system elements that were found to be most susceptible to failure as well as the most common types of failure events. This analysis allowed the duration of the identified failure events to be determined and yielded a reliability assessment in the form of failure rates (λ) calculated for each highlighted element. An analysis of the results in terms of the functions of the objects most susceptible to failure allows one to assess their operational probability." @default.
• W100008087 abstract "An acousto-optic modulator (AOM) allows to diffract a laser beam going through a crystal from the incidence angle (order 0) to another angle (order 1). The diffracted beam intensity depends on the radio frequency (RF) power applied to the device while the output angle depends on the material but is also proportional to the laser wavelength and to the RF drive frequency. When only intensity modulation is required, the driver frequency is fixed (thus the output beam angle) and the intensity is controlled, in analog or digital mode, by controlling the applied RF power. Long term stability and reliability are required from the driving electronics. This paper has presented the best candidate selected polymeric acousto-optic materials based AOM for upgrading speed response and transmission performance characteristics. These materials are common materials for acousto-optic devices such as polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), and polysulfone (PSF). As well as we have deeply investigated the important transmission characteristics of acousto optic modulators such as transmission performance efficiency, transmission bit rate, diffraction angle and efficiency, transient speed response, signal transmission quality, bit error rate (BER) and modulation bandwidth under wide range of the affecting parameters for different selected acousto optic materials to be the major of interest." @default.
• W100008151 abstract "A brief review of literature works on the preparation methods for synthesis of supported chromia catalysts (predominantly chromia-alumina samples) is presented. Some schemes of thermal decompositions in air for the most widespread chromium-containing precursors [CrO3, (NH4)2Cr2O7, Cr(NO3)3⋅9H2O] used in the preparation of impregnated chromium oxide systems are listed, and the interaction processes of chromium precursors with the support surfaces during the preparation of impregnated chromia-alumina catalysts are considered." @default.
• W100008168 abstract "Tertiary education at Connecticut's Community Colleges, in the United States, is facing a public outcry for a higher level of accountability for the resources appropriated to higher education. This study utilized Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to determine the technical efficiency of and provide Improvement guidelines to these twelve Community Colleges. Three research questions were used to direct this study: Question #1: How do institutions of the Community College System of Connecticut compare to each other regarding their levels of Efficiency? Question #2: What conditions may account for the differences in the level of success within similarly efficient colleges? Question #3: What factors or constraints create the varying score among the inefficient colleges? Data for eleven variables, seven inputs and four output, were collected on each of the twelve Community Colleges, but due to the high level of correlation that existed between the variables only three inputs and four outputs were used to characterize each college in the model. The analysis indicated that seven colleges were being run efficiently and five had less than 100% efficiency. However, the small numbers of colleges in the study handicapped the DEA procedure, since the number of colleges could not be changed the number of variables was decreased. This resulted in a decrease in the efficient units. The study concluded that DEA was, in principle, well suited for the performance assessment of the colleges. However, the validity of the model is compromised if only a small number of colleges can be entered into the analysis; either a very small number of variables can be considered ( which violates one's conception of the ways colleges are to be judged, and the number of independent variables that can be considered), or the requirements of the model are violated ( which necessarily produces the result that a large number of colleges are spuriously designated as 100 % efficient)" @default.
• W10000819 abstract "Este trabajo esta motivado por la inquietud derivada de la disparidad de concepciones respecto de la relacion que existe entre el psicoanalisis y otras actividades cognoscitivas humanas.Las diferentes posturas, hegemonicas, excluyentes, reduccionistas o niveladoras, se basan en la caracterizacion de su objeto de estudio y en las presuposiciones relativas a la especificidad, inconmensurabilidad y/o incompatibilidad de sus teorizaciones, metodos, problematicas y criterios demarcativos y clasificatorios.Proponemos un camino que entendemos superador de estas posiciones, una manera de ubicar la pertinencia de diversos componentes y dimensiones de la actividad psicoanalitica, mediante la consideracion y ulterior transformacion del marco clasificatorio de las distintas empresas racionales humanas del filosofo Stephen Toulmin." @default.
• W1000082045 abstract "The generation of novel macromolecular architectures utilizing the concept of supramolecular chemistry has driven synthetic polymer chemistry significantly in the last years [2]. Hydrogen bonding [3, 4], metal complexes [5] and inclusion complexes [6] are widely employed." @default.
• W1000082215 abstract "The impact of mastitis infection on milk compositional quality and the technological implications is not well documented in small-scale farms in Kenya. A total of 72 quarter milk samples from 18 lactating cross-bred (Holstein & Zebu) small-scale dairy cows were analyzed to assess composition variation according to presence of subclinical mastitis, parity and lactation stage. Intramammary infection was recorded in 68.1% of the quarters analyzed. Somatic cell count levels were higher (P < 0.001) in quarters infected by major pathogens (mean 715,625 ± 14,167 cells/ml) than in quarters infected by minor pathogens (MIP) and uninfected quarters (NI) (mean 563,672 ± 27,979 and 376,223 ± 18,448 cells/ml respectively). The concentrations of non-casein (NCN) fractions, sodium, chloride, free fatty acid (FFA) and pH were higher (P < 0.01), while that of casein (CN) content, lactose, caseinto-total protein (CN/TP), potassium and calcium were lower in infected than healthy quarters. Sodium content was positively correlated with Chloride content (r = 0.77, P < 0.0001), while CN/TP (proteolysis index) was positively correlated to CN (r = 0.35, P < 0.05), and negatively correlated to NCN (r = -0.81, P < 0.0001). Parity had significant influence (P < 0.05) on SCC levels, lactose, calcium, and chloride concentrations. It was concluded that elevated SCC levels influenced adversely quarter milk compositional quality and appears to be a major constraint to production of high quality milk in small-scale farms." @default.
• W1000082639 abstract "Natural languages that originate from a common ancestor are genetically related, words are the core of any language and cognates are words sharing the same ancestor and etymology. Cognate identification, therefore, represents the foundation upon which the evolutionary history of languages may be discovered, while linguistic phylogenetic inference aims to estimate the genetic relationships that exist between them.In this thesis, using several techniques originally developed for biological sequence analysis, we have designed a data driven orthographic learning system for measuring string similarity and we have successfully applied it to the tasks of cognate identification and phylogenetic inference.Our system has outperformed the best comparable phonetic and orthographic cognate identification models previously reported in the literature, with results statistically significant and remarkably stable, regardless of the variation of the training dataset dimension. When applied to phylogenetic inference of the Indo-European language family, whose higher structure does not yet have consensus, our method has estimated phylogenies which are compatible with the benchmark tree and has reproduced correctly all the established major language groups and subgroups present in the dataset." @default.
• W100008278 abstract "IS service satisfaction involves assessing both rat ional and emotional components of the service encounter. Given the extensive prior literature on the rational components of service satisfaction this study explores the mediating role of modal emo tions - as the basis for the emotional component of service satisfaction - on IS service c ontinuance. The paper provides a measurement instrument for this purpose and uses it to show the impact of modal emotions on IS service satisfaction measurement. The study tests the emoti onal and rational components of service satisfaction by way of a survey in a large utilities organization and finds that modal emotions do mediate the influence of the rational component of service satisfaction on an individual’s intention to continue using an IS service." @default.
• W1000083396 abstract "The U.S. Food and Drug Administration defines criteria for the equivalence of Enoxaparin with Lovenox, comprising the equivalence of physiochemical properties, heparin source material and mode of depolymerization, disaccharide building blocks, fragment mapping and sequence of oligosaccharide species, biological and biochemical assays, and in vivo pharmacodynamic profile. Chemometric analysis of the NMR spectra, utilizing both (1)H and (1)H-(13)C HSQC NMR experiments, of Lovenox and Enoxaparin, the latter being the generic version of the former, revealed that Lovenox and the four Enoxaparin compounds produced by Sandoz (Enoxaparin and Fibrinox), Winthrop, and Amphastar exhibit dissimilarities in terms of their composition. All of the collected samples had expiry dates between 2012 and 2015. These studies, in addition to chromatographic analysis, highlighted signatures that differentiated the branded material from the generic products." @default.
• W1000084 abstract "Research Article| March 15 1986 Gaining access to the cytosol: the technique and some applications of electropermeabilization D E Knight; D E Knight Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M C Scrutton M C Scrutton Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1986) 234 (3): 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2340497 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation D E Knight, M C Scrutton; Gaining access to the cytosol: the technique and some applications of electropermeabilization. Biochem J 15 March 1986; 234 (3): 497–506. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2340497 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search © 1986 London: The Biochemical Society1986 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content." @default.
• W100008419 abstract "A computational method has been developed to realize an efficient and accurate user friendly computational program called RocketCalculator, which integrates carefully assessed methodologies and offer flexibilities of the rocket configurations and velocities up to Mach number 3.0 and angle of attack of 25 degrees. The RocketCalculator is capable of analyzing the configurations of wing-alone, bodyalone, wing-body combination, and wing-body-tail combination of rocket. USAF Datcom Method has been chosen as the analysis method and the programming language is Microsoft Visual Basic. The result would be displayed in form of the corresponding lift (CL ), normal force (CN ) and drag (CD ) coefficients at certain Mach number and angle of attack. Experimented data for several models have been taken out from available sources to validate the program output. Comparisons of the program output and experimental results generally show good agreement with average error of less than 10%." @default.
• W1000084728 abstract "Kakamega Forest represents the last remnant ofequatorial rainforest in Kenya. Hence, it is of greatimportance as last habitat for species specialized onthese forests and their associated ecosystems and, consequently, for East Africa’s biodiversity. The forest has been dividedinto several fragments due to anthropogenic habitatchange, which is still continuing today. Even thoughlarge parts of the forest have been designated protectedareas, they are still used for illegal hunting, logging,and firewood collection.This thesis focusses the pollination ecology of twospecies of Acanthus. A. eminens occupies clearingsand riversides inside the forest, while A. polystachyusgrows in copses and hedgerows of the surroundingfarmland, as well as at the forest edge. Through forestfragmentation, A. eminens continues to loose suitablehabitats. In addition, the distance of its populations tothe congener is reduced, and the relative abundanceof the species shifts towards A. polystachyus.As flowering time and floral morphology of thespecies are highly similar, it seems likely that habitatfragmentation causes changes in pollination andreproduction of the species. In particular, A. eminensmay loose pollinators to A. polystachyus, and receivemore heterospecific pollen. As A. eminens is a commonspecies of the natural ecosystem, such effectswould indicate that habitat fragmentation causes longtermchanges in ecosystem processes of KakamegaForest, threatening its future existence in its naturalstate.In my thesis, I demonstrate that the species flower insynchrony during winter dry season between Octoberand February. There are no negative effects of distanceto or habitat availability of the congener on pollinationand reproduction of the species. However, I find plantsin drier habitats and flowers opening later during dryseason to display higher fruit set.Both species are pollinated by carpenter bees (Xylocopa).There is no indication for a partitioning of pollinatorsthrough divergent flower morphology, as thespecies display highly similar flowers. A. eminens offersgreater quantities of both nectar and pollen, whilethe total amount of floral rewards is greater in thelarger individuals and populations of A. polystachyus.Both species likely represent important resources forpollinators in their respective habitats. Differences inpollinator abundance between populations are likely caused by habitat preferences of the pollinators.Even though the species share most of their pollinators,interspecific pollen transfer does not affecttheir reproduction. This may be explained by the prevalenceof geitonogamy, as bees commonly visit severalflowers on the same inflorescence, plant, and neighbouring,likely related individuals. Moderate visitationrates with low pollination success indicate that carpenterbees are ineffective pollinators, and that the greatestproportion of pollen is lost between visits. Consequently,most pollen is transferred between close,potentially closely related neighbours, reducing theincidence of heterospecific pollen transfer.These findings indicate that reproduction of eitherspecies may be limited by pollen quantity or pollenquality. Hand-pollination experiments show that bothspecies are limited by pollen quantity but not pollenquality, as fruit set nearly doubles when supplementarypollen, regardless of its source, is provided. Asthere is no difference in seed set in seed viability between treatments, Iconclude that pollen quality is generally high.There is convincing evidence that A. eminens andA. polystachyus are adapted to flowering during dryseason, which offers favorable conditions for fruit andseed development as well as for seed dispersal and germination.Differences in humidity are strongly linkedto reproduction in either species, and these effects arestrong enough to mask all putative effects of competitionfor pollination and heterospecific pollen transfer." @default.
• W1000085140 abstract "High precision meters for blood glycemia are mandatory for monitoring glucose status in patients, avoiding both hypo- and hyper-glycemia. Health care providers routinely used in both out- and in-patients point-of-care measurements of glucose and ketone. These measurements, frequently used for medical decisions, are known to be less accurate than those performed in laboratories. Our aim was to evaluate, within the frame of an Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) multicentric study, the performances of eight glucose and four ketone meters, either connected or non-connected to a laboratory software.Glucose meter accuracy, precision, correlation with plasma glucose determined in central laboratories and hematocrit interferences were determined according to the ISO 15197:2003 norm. The same norm was applied for the determination of accuracy, precision and recovery of ketone meters for B-hydroxybutyrate measurements.Among those meters, seven were considered as acceptable for glucose measurement and two for ketone measurement. Since all meters do not fit clinically relevant criteria, meters' performances have to be evaluated before use in clinical practice." @default.
• W1000085147 abstract "Ginger is a popular spice used to treat a variety of maladies, including pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used by athletes to manage and prevent pain; unfortunately, NSAIDs contribute to substantial adverse effects, including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, hyponatremia, impairment of connective tissue remodeling, endurance competition withdrawal, and cardiovascular disease. Ginger, however, may act as a promoter of GI integrity and as a bronchodilator. Given these potentially positive effects of ginger, a systematic review of randomized trials was performed to assess the evidence for ginger as an analgesic and ergogenic aid for exercise training and sport. Among 7 studies examining ginger as an analgesic, the evidence indicates that roughly 2 g·d(-1) of ginger may modestly reduce muscle pain stemming from eccentric resistance exercise and prolonged running, particularly if taken for a minimum of 5 days. Among 9 studies examining ginger as an ergogenic aid, no discernable effects on body composition, metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, isometric force generation, or perceived exertion were observed. Limited data suggest that ginger may accelerate recovery of maximal strength after eccentric resistance exercise and reduce the inflammatory response to cardiorespiratory exercise. Major limitations to the research include the use of untrained individuals, insufficient reporting on adverse events, and no direct comparisons with NSAID ingestion. While ginger taken over 1-2 weeks may reduce pain from eccentric resistance exercise and prolonged running, more research is needed to evaluate its safety and efficacy as an analgesic for a wide range of athletic endeavors." @default.
• W100008599 abstract "The approach called decomposition into autonomous and comparable blocks speci es a methodology for producing music structure annotation by human listeners based on a set of criteria relying on the listening experience of the human annotator. The present article develops further a number of fundamental notions and practical issues, so as to facilitate the usability and the reproducibility of the approach. We formalize the general methodology as an iterative process which aims at estimating both a structural metric pattern and its realization, by searching empirically for an optimal compromise describing the organization of the content of the music piece in the most economical way, around a typical timescale. Based on experimental observations, we detail some practical considerations and we illustrate the method by an extensive case study. We introduce a set of 350 songs for which we are releasing freely the structural annotations to the research community, for examination, discussion and utilization." @default.
• W100008628 abstract "Le but de la these est avant tout d'ordre methodologique : il s'agit de presenter et de valider une methode de modelisation numerique pour l'equation des ondes elastiques (2D et 3D) dans des milieux reels. De tels milieux peuvent notamment presenter une forte topographie, ainsi que des couches de forme quelconque avec de forts contrastes de proprietes elastiques et de densite. Nous cherchons a modeliser l'ensemble du champ d'onde, c'est-a-dire tant les ondes de volume (compression et cisaillement) que les ondes de surface et d'interface. Dans l'introduction generale, nous definissons les differents types de modeles geophysiques que nous souhaitons etudier, et rappelons l'interet qu'il peut y avoir a etre capable de calculer le comportement des ondes sismiques dans de telles structures. Nous passons brievement en revue les differentes techniques de modelisation numerique ordinairement utilisees pour resoudre les problemes de propagation d'ondes dans de tels milieux, et rappelons sommairement leurs principales caracteristiques ainsi que leurs principales limitations. Les avantages potentiels de l'approche que nous introduisons dans cette these sont deduits de ce rapide tour d'horizon. Dans une premiere partie, nous rappelons brievement les lois essentielles de la mecanique des milieux continus et de l'elastodynamique. Nous mentionnons les principaux types d'ondes pouvant exister dans un milieu elastique. Les proprietes particulieres des ondes de surface et d'interface dans de tels modeles sont egalement mentionnees. Dans une deuxieme partie, nous introduisons et validons une methode pseudo-spectrale globale fondee sur la formulation differentielle tensorielle des equations de l'elastodynamique, adaptee au traitement de geometries deformees et de surfaces non planes. Nous montrons son application a quelques cas simples, nous mettons en evidence des effets interessants lies a la topographie, mais soulignons aussi ses limitations intrinseques. Nous en deduisons la necessite d'utiliser une methode plus souple que la formulation differentielle classique (differences finies, methodes spectrales ou pseudo-spectrales) pour le traitement de cas realistes (typiquement, une methode variationnelle avec decomposition de domaine). Dans une troisieme partie, constituant le cœur de ce travail de these, nous introduisons et developpons tant a 2D qu'a 3D une formulation variationnelle d'ordre eleve des equations de l'elastodynamique, dite methode des elements spectraux , et nous mettons en evidence ses proprietes sur differents problemes classiques de complexite croissante (probleme de Lamb, probleme de Garvin, onde de Rayleigh sur une surface courbe...). Puis nous presentons l'application de cette methode a des modeles 2D et 3D plus complexes, pour lesquels de forts effets lies notamment a la topographie sont mis en evidence. Nous obtenons en particulier de fortes amplifications locales du champ d'acceleration et de deplacement dans de tels modeles (effets de site). Dans le cas d'un modele tridimensionnel, nous montrons que ces effets dependent fortement de la polarisation du champ incident. L'efficacite de la methode sur un calculateur parallele est egalement discutee et illustree. Dans une quatrieme partie, nous avons regroupe deux petites etudes que nous avons menees au cours de nos recherches pour resoudre l'equation des ondes a 1D (ondelettes et volumes finis)." @default.
• W100008654 abstract "Nathan Field, an actor contemporary with Burbage, is virtually unknown as a playwright. His work reflects the fact that he was an all-round man of the theatre, so Part One is largely biographical, tracing Field's involvement as actor, manager and writer with the Children of the Revels, the Lady Elizabeth's Men and the King's Men. In Part Two, which lays the foundations for Part Three, I investigate Field's authorship, or part-authorship, of six collaborative plays: The Fatal Dowry, with Massinger, The Honest Man's Fortune, Four Plays in One, The Queen of Corinth and the Knight of Malta from the 'Beaumont and Fletcher' folio of 1647, and the anonymous manuscript play The Faithful Friends. Part Three deals with Field's dramatic output as pieces for the theatre, examining them in terms of theatre resources, their relationships with their spectators and their verbal and non-verbal communication. The conclusion supplies a perspective from which to view and to evaluate Field's work, by considering it in relation to popular theatre tradition, and by reviewing its limited performance history." @default.
• W1000086972 abstract "In recognition of the complexity of the research field, the Pelican project aims to address strategic, methodological and practical issues. The Pelican project aims to assess current practices in electronic delivery of text to students and establish existing usage patterns. It will identify models most likely to be acceptable to students, HEIs, publishers, authors and the CLA. It will act as a facilitator to provide a communication network for the development of a suitable pricing mechanism and recognise the diverse interest of all stakeholders involved in the HE/FE community. On project completion, Pelican will recommend areas for further work. The project is under the direction of Loughborough University who will work closely with its partners, Stirling University and an Independent Consultant. Pelican was developed in response to JISC Circular 5/99. It covers elements of §46 (extending the range and effectiveness of JISC projects, which are developing into services), §47 (more general proposals for extending the usefulness of JISC services in ways not specifically covered) and §71 (digital library service development).Pelican will assist the learning activities of HEIs in a number of ways:through the leadership of Loughborough, it will build on the experience and confidence building of the JISC/PA Working Parties to help develop mutually acceptable ways of charging for distributing digitised materials to students; through the participation of Stirling, which plays a leading role in HERON, close co-operation with HERON will be maintained; through an active evaluation and dissemination programme, HEIs will gain a better understanding of the issues involved, and will thus be able to plan their own provision with more confidence.The combination of these factors will lead to an environment whereby electronic texts may be delivered to students in HEIs in an efficient and acceptable manner, whilst at the same time ensuring an adequate return to the rights’ owners." @default.
• W100008700 abstract "The High Resolution Stereo Camera - Airborne (HRSC-A), a multispectral multi-line/multi-stereo scanner system, developed at the German Aerospace Center DLR, has been successfully applied in many flight campaigns during the past two years. Together with a comprehensive software package for automated photogrammetric processing it has been used for many investigations in different disciplines. This paper describes the main characteristics of the entire HRSC-A hard- and software system and gives an impression on typical products." @default.
• W1000087005 abstract "In one of his speeches, Professor Fang Lizhi, member of the Board of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said the following. We should attach importance to the graduate students we have trained ourselves. Now that our degrees are equal to those in other countries, we of course should treat them equally without discrimination. Recently, the newspapers have given a scholar who got his doctorate in West Germany wide coverage. We have our own doctors, so why don't we publicize them? Since it will have a very bad influence on students, I hope this kind of publicity will be stopped immediately. I happened to be in Japan at the time. When some Japanese asked me why we made such a fanfare about one who had merely received a doctoral degree [we used more space in this newspaper to cover this doctor than Japan did to report the Japanese chemist's winning of the Nobel prize], I was rendered speechless. Foreign degrees are not acknowledged in Japan; even a degree from Cambridge or Harvard isn't very useful in helping yo..." @default.
• W100008847 abstract "The resistive potential of the marginal collective has framed cultural studies interrogation of popular culture. It has often mobilised an ethic of play and inversion that sits comfortably with cultural studies politics. The capacity for official versions of history to mask these local and fragmented experiences has silenced the range of alternative identities that circulate through the fringes of culture. The X- Files episode The Postmodern Prometheus creates a visibility for unofficial and popular versions of the past. This paper tracks the metamorphosis of the carnival moment from official inversionary practice through the deviancy of American B-grade horror and science fiction films to its reanimation via a celebration of radical difference mobilised through the popular media. The X-Files' rewriting of Frankenstein dislodges social meanings from their original context and articulates a distinctly visual memory of a popular past to rewrite the collective experiences of the present." @default.
• W10000886 abstract "Mobile tagging offers opportunities such as ease of access to mobile services with a link to the actual objects using 2D codes. QR code is a specific form of a mobile code by offering solutions that connect physical and virtual content content to provide users with additional information or allow access to mobile services. Application of QR Code for attractions in Yogyakarta is a new thing. QR code can be applied to provide additional information on advertising with the concept of promotional events, hotel, restaurant, Enriching Information on attractions, knowledge of history, culture, and location are instantly linked through blackberry device. The method used in the making of this application is the grapple. The programming language used is Java and php. While building a database using mySQL. This application serves as a medium of Yogyakarta tourism information by using QR Code and also a media-related navigational search the user's location, and route the tourist object in Yogyakarta Province. By utilizing the camera's ability to perform decoding blackberry or reading data from the QR Code to accelerate user information Yogyakarta tourism, as well as the ability of BlackBerry maps as virtual map providers, application memililiki features of reading data from a QR Code, providing tourism information Yogyakarta, checking the position of the user and polyline route to the attraction will be selected by the user. Keywords : Application, Blackberry, QR Code Mobile tagging menawarkan kesempatan seperti kemudahan akses dengan tautan layanan mobile kepada objek sebenarnya dengan menggunakan 2D kode. QR kode sebagai bentuk yang spesifik dari sebuah kode mobile dengan menawarkan solusi yang menghubungkan konten fisik dengan konten virtual untuk menyediakan user dengan informasi tambahan atau memperbolehkan akses ke layanan mobile. Penerapan QR Code untuk objek wisata di Yogyakarta merupakan hal yang baru. QR code dapat diterapkan dengan memberikan informasi tambahan dalam periklanan dengan konsep promosi event, hotel, restaurant, Memperkaya Informasi pada objek wisata, pengetahuan sejarah, budaya, dan lokasi terkait secara instant melalui device blackberry. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan aplikasi ini adalah GRAPPLE. Bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan adalah java dan php. Sedangkan pembuatan basis data menggunakan mySQL. Aplikasi ini berfungsi sebagai media informasi pariwisata Yogyakarta dengan memanfaatkan QR Code dan sekaligus menjadi media navigasi terkait pencarian lokasi user, dan rute objek objek wisata yang ada di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Dengan memanfaatkan kemampuan kamera blackberry untuk melakukan decoding atau pembacaan data dari QR Code untuk mempercepat user mendapatkan informasi pariwisata Yogyakarta, serta kemampuan BlackBerry maps sebagai penyedia peta virtual, aplikasi ini memililiki fitur berupa pembacaan data dari QR Code, menyediakan informasi pariwisata Yogyakarta, pengecekan posisi user, serta polyline rute menuju objek wisata yang akan dipilih oleh user. Keywords : Aplikasi, Blackberry, Kode QR" @default.
• W1000088903 abstract "1. The casual blood pressure is the sum of the relatively stable basal pressure taken under defined conditions of rest and the labile supplemental pressure (casual minus basal), which represents the response to the current degree of physical, mental and probably metabolic stimulation. 2. The basal and supplemental blood pressures behave differently and it seems likely that different factors are involved in their pathogenesis. 3. The 5 and 8 years follow-up mortality is closely related to the basal pressure but not to the supplemental pressure. 4. The rise with age in the basal blood pressure is greater in the relatives of substantial hypertensive patients than in population control subjects. 5. Above the age group 30–39 years there is an increase in the rate of rise of the mean basal blood pressure with age among the first-degree relatives of hypertensive patients. In a population control group an acceleration in the rate of rise of the mean basal blood pressure with age also occurs but a decade or more later than in the relatives of hypertensive patients. 6. In males the mean supplemental pressures (systolic and diastolic) do not rise appreciably with age and the mean supplemental pressures of first-degree relatives and control subjects do not differ appreciably. 7. In females the mean supplemental pressures rise with age but, except after age 60 years, the pressure rise in first-degree relatives is only a little greater than in control subjects. 8. When hypertensive patients with similar casual blood pressures are compared the basal blood pressures are higher in patients with glomerulonephritis than in essential hypertensive patients. 9. In the first-degree relatives of substantial hypertensive patients high-ranking basal blood pressures occur much more frequently than in general population control subjects. 10. The close resemblance of the blood pressures in like twins indicates that genetic or familial factors have an important influence on blood pressure, and on the occurrence of frank hypertension." @default.
• W1000089511 abstract "Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are clean and efficient electrochemical energy converters that can be adapted to a wide range of domestic and automotive applications. However, large-scale commercialisation is hindered by issues of cost and durability relating to the catalyst layer. This work aims to address the need for cheaper and durable catalysts through the development of novel catalyst and catalyst support. The initial aim of this work is to investigate the potential application of Pd-based alloy catalyst in PEMFC. Pd is about 42% cheaper than Pt and 50 times more abundant on earth. Previous studies have shown that there is a correlation between electronic structure and catalytic activity of Pd binary alloys, and therefore it is possible to design a highly efficient Pd-based alloy catalyst. In this work, Pd-based catalyst was synthesised and characterized electrochemically in ex-situ and in-situ configurations to determine their activity and durability. It was found that Pd-based catalyst could potentially replace Pt as a low-cost anode catalyst. The second part of this work investigated the potential application of graphitic carbon nitride materials as catalyst support. Carbon black is the most widely used catalyst support for state-of-the-art PEMFCs even though it is known to undergo carbon corrosion during operation. Graphitic carbon nitride could offer enhanced durability and activity due to their graphitic structure and intrinsic catalytic properties. In addition, graphitic carbon nitride is low-cost, fairly simple to synthesise and highly tunable. In this work, various graphitic carbon nitride materials were prepared and characterised using accelerated carbon corrosion protocol. They were found to be more electrochemically stable compared to conventional carbon black. Superior methanol oxidation activity is also observed for graphitic carbon nitride supported Pt catalysts on the basis of the catalyst electrochemical surface area. However further work is needed to optimise the deposition and utilisation of metal catalyst on graphitic carbon nitride materials." @default.
• W1000090409 abstract "O assunto do qual se trata este trabalho se insere na area de teoria dos grafos, e mais especificamente de grafos matching covered, que sao grafos conexos em que toda aresta pertence a um emparelhamento perfeito. L. Lovasz desenvolveu toda a base da teoria dos grafos matching covered e, como consequencia, obteve uma caracterizacao para o matching lattice. Desta caracterizacao foi possivel obter uma prova para uma relaxacao da conjectura de Tutte que generaliza o problema das quatro cores. Existem dois procedimentos de decomposicao de grafos matching covered que sao fundamentais: um deles e a decomposicao em cortes justos e o outro e a decomposicao em orelhas. Para uma decomposicao em orelhas podem ser usadas orelhas simples ou duplas. Uma importante questao e determinar o numero minimo de orelhas duplas de uma decomposicao em orelhas de um grafo matching covered. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma resposta para esta questao. Apresentamos tambem duas consequencias desta solucao: uma delas e que existe uma base para o matching lattice formada apenas por emparelhamentos perfeitos, e a outra e uma caracterizacao para o Lin(M, Z2 ). Esta ultima nos permite obter uma prova para outra relaxacao da conjectura de Tutte Abstract" @default.
• W1000090685 abstract "Accidents between right turning trucks and straight riding cyclists often show massive consequences. Accident severity is much higher than in other accidents. The situation is critical especially due to the fact that, in spite of the six mirrors that are mandatory for ensuring a minimum field of sight for the truck drivers, cyclists in some situations cannot be seen or are not seen by the driver. Either the cyclist is overlooked or is in a blind spot area that results from the turning manoeuvre of the truck and its articulation if it is a truck trailer or truck semitrailer combination. At present driver assistance systems are discussed that can support the driver in the turning situation by giving a warning when cyclists are riding parallel to the truck just before or in the turning manoeuvre. Such systems would generally bear a high potential to avoid accidents of right turning trucks and cyclists no matter if they ride on the road or on a parallel bicycle path. However, performance requirements for such turning assist systems or even test procedures do not exist yet. This paper describes the development of a testing method and requirements for turning assist systems for trucks. The starting point of each development of test procedures is an analysis of accident data. A general study of accident figures determines the size of the problem. In-depth accident data is evaluated case by case in order to find out which are representative critical situations. These findings serve to determine characteristic parameters (e.g. boundary conditions, trajectories of truck and cyclist, speeds during the critical situation, impact points). Based on these parameters and technical feasibility by current sensor and actuator technology, representative test scenarios and pass/fail-criteria are defined. The outcome of the study is an overview of the accident situation between right turning trucks and straight driving cyclists in Germany as well as a corresponding test procedure for driver assistance systems that at this first stage will be informing or warning the driver. This test procedure is meant to be the basis for an international discussion on introducing turning assist systems in vehicle regulations" @default.
• W1000091872 abstract "A way resulting in lasing without inversion (LWI) in an open resonant A-type system from a nonlinear dynamics viewpoint is investigated. The destabilization of the non-lasing solution can occur not only through pitchfork bifurcation, giving rise to continuous wave LWI, but also through Hopf bifurcation,giving rise to self-pulsing LWI. This is much different from that of the corresponding closed resonant A-type system in which the destabilization of the non-lasing solution can occur only through pitchfork bifurcation. The effects of the unsaturated gain coefficient, cavity loss coefficient, atomic injection and exit rates on the two bifurcations are discussed." @default.
• W1000092318 abstract "Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has avery long history andtoday is widely used fortreating liver diseases in China and other Asian countries. It is also becoming increasinglypopular in the West where it is regarded as part of the so-called complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) which is culturally and politically determined." @default.
• W100009244 abstract "A neutron dosimeter, suituble for single emergency exposures, is described. The dosimeter contains films of Al, Au, and Cd which can detect thermal, epi-thermal, and fast neutrons. Three of the constants by which the spectrum of the incident neutron flux is approximated, can therefore be determined. The dose calculated from these approximated spectra is compared to the dose from spectra obtuined in different standard spectra of types which may be expected in a radiation accident. (auth)" @default.
• W1000092987 abstract "A kutatasi terv fő celkitűzeseinek megfelelően tanulmanyoztuk a nociceptiv szenzoros ingerulet feldolgozas elsődleges kozpontjanak, a gerincvelő feluletes hatso szarvi neuronhalozatnak a molekularis es cellularis szerveződeset. Azon tul, hogy vizsgaltuk a nociceptiv ingerulet feldolgozasi mechanizmusokat kontroll korulmenyek kozott, adatokat gyűjtottunk arra vonatkozolag is, hogyan valtozik a vizsgalt gerincvelői neuronhalozat molekularis es cellularis szerveződese kronikus fajdalom allapotokban. Neuroanatomiai, fiziologiai-farmakologiai es molekularis biologiai modszerek alkalmazasaval nyert vizsgalati eredmenyeinkkel jelentős, es merőben uj adatokat szolgaltattunk, a glutamaterg szinapszisok posztszinaptikus membranjanak NMDA es AMPA receptor architekturajarol, a gerincvelő hatso szarvi endocannabinoid szignalizacios rendszer molekularis szerveződeseről, a G-protein-kapcsolt szignalizacios molekulak szereperől az opioidok altal kozvetitett ingeruletattevődesi mechanizmusokban, a kation-klorid kotranszporter molekulak megoszlasarol a gerincvelő hatso szarvi neuronokon, a fajdalom feldolgozo gerincvelői neuronhalozatok cellularis szerveződeseről es a kronikus fajdalom allapotok altal kivaltott neuronalis plaszticitasi folyamatokrol. Legtobb eredmenyunk hasznosithato lehet uj es hatekony fajdalomcsillapitasi eljarasok kidolgozasaban. Eredmenyeinket nemzetkozi tudomanyos folyoiratokban publikaltuk, es bemutattuk hazai es nemzetkozi tudomanyos rendezvenyeken is. | According to the major aims of the project we investigated the molecular and cellular organization of neural microcircuits in the superficial spinal dorsal horn representing the first relay station of nociceptive sensory processing. In addition to studying the nociceptive mechanisms under normal conditions, we also elucidated how information processing in nociceptive neural networks of the superficial spinal dorsal horn may change in chronic pain states. With an integrative interdisciplinary experimental approach in which high-resolution neuroanatomical, physiological-pharmacological and molecular biological techniques were used, we provided new insights into the NMDA and AMPA receptor architecture of postsynaptic membranes in glutamatergic synapses, molecular organization of the spinal endocannabinoid apparatus, the role of G protein-coupled signaling molecules in opioid-mediated synaptic transmission, the differential expression of cation-chloride co-transporter molecules in spinal neurons, cellular organization of pain processing spinal microcircuits, fundamental mechanisms of activity-evoked neural plasticity, chronic pain and hyperalgesia. With our findings, we assisted in developing effective therapeutic strategies for chronic pain syndromes. The results were published in peer reviewed international journals and presented at national and international scientific conferences." @default.
• W1000092991 abstract "It is not clearly defined yet whether the early glaucomatous visual field damage originates in vasogenic or mechanical changes at the optic disc." @default.
• W1000093149 abstract "Publisher Summary The blood of several species contains an enzyme that can catalyze esterification of the cholesterol of plasma lipoproteins. The reaction can be demonstrated by incubating fresh plasma at 37 ° and measuring the decrement in unesterified cholesterol. The total cholesterol remains constant during the incubation; and neither exogenous substrates nor cofactors are required. In native plasma, the rate of the reaction probably depends not only on the esterifying enzyme, but also on the distribution of plasma lipoproteins, because the reaction is faster in the high than in the low density lipoproteins and faster in the smaller high density lipoproteins than in the larger ones. The mechanism of the reaction mainly involves the transfer of fatty acids from the C-2 position of lecithin to cholesterol. The chapter describes the methods of assay and the purification and properties of the enzyme." @default.
• W100009385 abstract "The literature concerning pathogenesis, pathological physiology and pathological anatomy in bovine, caprine and ovine mastitis is reviewed. The evoluation of infectious mastitis is divided in the three following phases: transmission-, invasion- and establishphase. The pathological anatomy about Mastitis acuta haemorrhagica et necroticans, Mastitis catarrhalis acuta, Mastitis catarrhalis chronica, Mastitis suppurativa and Mastitis granulomatosa is discussed." @default.
• W1000093910 abstract "Experimental observations of the impact and rupture of a water-filled balloo n on a rigid surface have revealed that the initial stages of the impact are analogous to those for a wate r droplet of constant surface tension impacting a rigid, hydrophobic boundary. Upon collision, upward-travelling capillarylike waves are created on the membrane, with the tension in the membrane playing a similar restorative role to surface tension. The velocities and wavelengths of these waves are in approximate agreement with linear potential theory for an oscillating sphere of water with constant su rface tension. Should the balloon membrane remain intact during the impact, it will evolve in a similar way to the surface of a bouncing droplet, with the membrane’s elastic energy acting analogously to the surface energy of a water droplet. However, if the membrane ruptures during impact, any similarities are quickly lost. The rapid retraction of the membrane creates a small-scale shear instability on the air/water interface . On a larger scale, as the restoring force for the capillary-like waves is lost while their kinetic en ergy within the water remains, growth of the interfacial amplitude occurs (as demonstrated in figure 1). Eventually gravity comes to dominate the flow, leading to the slumping and spreading of the water. A water-filled balloon that is held, forcibly oscillated then ruptured with a shar p object displays the same three distinct phenomena. In air, the large-scale growth of the interfa cial amplitude becomes asymmetric, leading to the formation of so-called bubbles of the less dense, air phase and spikes of the denser water phase. For such a balloon held underwater, the interfacial amplitude grows in a symmetric way. In this paper, we present examples of the phenomena described above. Further, we explain why the late-time growth of the interfacial amplitude is a manifestation of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, while demonstrating that unlike classical Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, growth may occur even when there is no density difference across the interface. At late-time, measureme nts of the displacement of" @default.
• W1000093919 abstract "This chapter examines the human resource manageme(HRM) practices of Malaysian information communication and technology (ICT) firms. lt elicits the challenges that Malaysian ICT firms face in managing ICT workers and examines associated public policy issues, including recruitment, human capital development (HCD) and supply side constraint issues - the latter has the potential of hampering the Malaysian government's goal of creating a knowledge based society by 2020. This research suggests that the continued development of Malaysia's ICT industry is not merely a function of its ability to produce more ICT graduates per se. Rather, Malaysia needs to produce ICT graduates with the skills demanded by the locaI lCT industry." @default.
• W1000094376 abstract "The quality factor is known as a critical and important feature to achieve efficient resonant response of micro/nano beams. In fact, the quality factor plays a significant role in the sensitivity and resolution of resonant vibration behavior of small-size structures. The presented paper investigates the quality factor of composite micro/nano beams employing the nonlocal Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Composite beams having arbitrary laminated layers and discontinuities are taken into consideration. Regarding to size effects, a general formulation is derived to calculate the quality factor of the nonlocal beams attributed to airflow damping and support losses. To reduce complexity of the problem, a nondimensional parameter is introduced to calculate the quality factor. To provide guidelines for determining the quality factor of the nonlocal composite beams, general results are presented for several resonant modes of vibration. The obtained results indicate that the quality factor is decreased by increasing the nonlocal size effects. However, the size effects play more prominent role at the higher resonant modes of vibration. Furthermore, it is shown that the quality factor is affected by the boundary conditions and dimensional characteristics of the micro/nano composite beams. Accordingly, the quality factor is increased by decreasing the slenderness ratio of the beam." @default.
• W100009523 abstract "Almost a full century separates Lewis’ Alice in Wonderland (1865) and the second, lengthier and more elaborate edition of Hans Kelsen’s Pure Theory of Law (1960; first edition published in 1934). And yet, it is possible to argue that the former anticipates and critically addresses many of the philosophical assumptions that underlie and are elemental to the argument of the latter. Both texts, with the illuminating differences that arise from their disparate genre, have as one of their key themes norms and their functioning. Wonderland, as Alice soon finds out, is a world beset by rules of all kinds: from the etiquette rituals of the mad tea-party to the changing setting for the cricket game to the procedural insanity of the trial with which the novel ends. Pure Theory of Law, as Kelsen emphatically stresses, has the grundnorm as the cornerstone upon which the whole theoretical edifice rests. This paper discusses some of the assumptions underlying Kelsen’s argument as an instance of the modern worldview which Lewis satirically scrutinizes. The first section (Sleepy and stupid) discusses Lewis critique of the idea that, to correctly apprehend an object (in the case of Kelsen’s study, law), one has to free it from its alien elements. The second section (Do bats eat cats?) discusses the notion of systemic coherence and its impact on modern ways of thinking about truth, law and society. The third section (Off with their heads!) explores the connections between readings of systems as neutral entities and the perpetuation of political power. The fourth and final section (Important, Unimportant) explains the sense in which a “critical anticipation” is both possible and useful to discuss the philosophical assumptions structuring some positivist arguments. It also discusses the reasons for choosing to focus on Kelsen’s work, rather than on that of Lewis’ contemporary, John Austin, whose The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (published in 1832) remains influential in legal debates today." @default.
• W100009600 abstract "Podle nasich i zahranicnich výzkumů nedobrovolna ztrata prace je významným zasahem do soukromeho života clověka a ma průkazne socialni, psychologicke a zdravotni důsledky. Nase uvahy a výzkum v oblasti nezaměstnanosti se zaměřily jak na biomedicinske a psychologicke důsledky ztraty prace, tak na kulturně podminěne - technologicke a socialni proměny prace. Zda se, že problem nezaměstnanosti od doby transformace ceske ekonomiky prosel několika fazemi. Posledni z nich - financni krize neni jen celosvětovou krizi, ale take zřejmě krizi civilizacni. Mohou to být i prvni viditelne přiznaky selhani cele spotřebitelske technicke civizilace." @default.
• W1000096099 abstract "Using angle-resolved photoemission, we have mapped out the Fermi surface (FS) of single crystal ${mathrm{Nd}}_{2mathrm{ensuremath{-}}mathit{x}}$${mathrm{Ce}}_{mathit{x}}$${mathrm{CuO}}_{4mathrm{ensuremath{-}}mathrm{ensuremath{delta}}}$ when doped as a superconductor (x=0.15) and overdoped as a metal (x=0.22). The measured FS agrees very well with local-density-approximation calculations and appears to shift with electron doping as expected by a band-filling scenario. The observed FS shape suggests that a model Hamiltonian with only nearest-neighbor interactions is not sufficient to describe the electronic structure near ${mathit{E}}_{mathit{F}}$; next-nearest-neighbor interactions should be considered." @default.
• W1000096349 abstract "按照一定的比例，在小牛血清的水溶液中加入丙酮和乙醇，然后在加热的情况下可形成稳定的小于５００ｎｍ的微球胶体溶液。这种方法产生的微球可在较低温度（７０～７５℃）和较短时间（２０分钟）内达到稳定，比较传统的高温（１００℃以上）和长时间（３０分钟以上）的加热制备法，这种丙酮乙醇加热变性技术有许多优点。这篇文章描述了制备过程的工艺条件，如丙酮、乙醇和小牛血清比例；加热时间和加热温度对微球形成以及对四氯四碘荧光素包裹率的影响。由本方法产生的微球可包裹４０％左右的四氯四碘荧光素。在３７℃和ＰＢＳ溶液中，上述微胶囊在１５天时间里释放了起始四氯四碘荧光素包含量的２５～６０％。" @default.
• W1000096843 abstract "The paper discusses the role of civil society for the development of the Nordic welfare states. It begins with a definition of the welfare state and outlines the characteristics of the so-called 'Nordic' or 'Scandinavian welfare model' and tries to assess in what sense it can be described or understood as a success. The historical role of civil society for the present characteristics of the Nordic (welfare) model is-in the form of a general overview-briefly spelled out, and the implications of the historically developed relationships between civil society and the state for the functioning of the welfare states are assessed. The paper ends with some comments on changes in civil society and to what extent the Nordic welfare model may thus be challenged. The paper sets out to show that the Nordic countries are examples-historically and currently-of consensual democracies and 'the politics of compromise' in which the comparatively efficient and successful tri-partite relations between civil society (in particular the organizations in the labour market), business and the state have been crucial for the development of the 'Nordic type' of welfare state. The normative commitment to a comprehensive welfare state is-in general-persistently strong among parties, organizations and voters. 'Corporatist' arrangements, in which civil society plays an important role, have been conducive to mutual trust-building, and conducive to high levels of consensus on economic policy-making and welfare state development and reforms. Economic structural change, demographic change and globalization in all its aspects are factors which (also) in the Nordic countries may inspire new forms of organizations appearing and new forms of cooperation between civil society, the state and the market, within and beyond nations. So far, the Nordic (welfare) model has been resilient, and it is more likely than not that it will remain resilient and, given its characteristics, be capable of adapting to new challenges arising in a more globalized world." @default.
• W1000096968 abstract "La Universidad de Santander (UDES), establecimiento educativo que inició actividades académicas en la década de los 80 y reconocida como Institución de Educación Superior con carácter universitario el 22 de diciembre de 2005, se ha ido posicionando en el contexto regional y nacional en el cumplimiento de las funciones sustantivas de docencia, investigación, extensión y la proyección social, comprometiéndose así, con la generación de conocimiento, mejoramiento de la calidad de los programas académicos, fortalecimiento de la investigación, proyección internacional y el desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones." @default.
• W1000097114 abstract "The use of liquid silicone in the treatment of advanced retinal detachment problems has been known for the past 13 years, and during this time reports have continued to appear of apparently successful use of this material, to be followed by others of unfavourable results. Many of you, therefore, will know of liquid silicone and its potential use in detachment surgery and some of you will perhaps also already have been influenced by reports of its possible side-effects. However, it is likely that very few of you will have used this material or had a chance to review cases treated in this way." @default.
• W1000098286 abstract "A hősokkvalasz a termeszetben talalhato egyik legősibb, evolucio soran megőrzott vedelmi mechanizmus. A sejtek kornyezeti valtozasokra adott valaszanak ill. alkalmazkodokepessegenek megertese erdekeben a stresszvalasz tanulmanyozasa rendkivuli jelentőseggel bir, kulonosen patofiziologias korulmenyek kozott. Jelen projekt kereteben emlős sejtek genetikailag homogen populacioi egy sejt szintű stressz valaszat tanulmanyoztuk a legmodernebb ultraszenzitiv kepalkoto technikak alkalmazasaval. A letrehozott egyedi fluoreszcencias kepalkoto rendszer es a kidolgozott sokoldalu sejtanalitikai eszkoztar segitsegevel lehetőve valt egy nagy informacio tartalmu fenotipus profil meghatarozasa a genexpresszio es a biokemiai jelatviteli utak ill. szerkezeti valtozasok sejtszintű kovetesevel. Osszefuggest talaltunk a sejtek hősokkra adott valaszanak erőssege/erzekenysege es a membran domenek szerkezete ill. osszetetele kozott. Kutatasaink soran bizonyitast nyert, hogy a plazmamembran koleszterin szintje meghatarozo a stressz erzekeleseben valamint a valasz erőssegeben. Kimutattuk, hogy a sejtciklus reszben felelős a megfigyelt heterogenitasert, de mas faktorok is hozzajarulnak a jelenseghez. A patofiziologias korulmenyek kozott kulcsszereppel biro hősokkfeherjek szelektiv modulaciojaert felelős specifikus membran domenek azonositasa kozelebb vezethet bennunket annak megertesehez, hogy miert dontheti el akar nehany sejt egy teljes populacio sorsat es ezzel egy adott betegseg kimenetelet. | The heat shock response is one of the most ancient and evolutionarily conserved protective mechanisms found in nature. The study of the cellular stress response is of great importance to our understanding of how cells respond and adapt to various changes in their environments especially during different pathophysiological conditions. In the present project we aimed to characterize the individual variability in the stress response of genetically homogeneous mammalian cell population by state of the art ultrasensitive high content imaging. We set up a unique fluorescence imaging system and established robust cellular analysis tools to perform high-content phenotype profiling, linking gene expression to biochemical signaling pathways and structural changes in the cell. We found correlation between structure and composition of membrane domains and the ability and/or sensitivity of cells to respond to heat shock. We identified the level of plasma membrane cholesterol as a key constituent of the stress perception and/or early signaling. We showed that cell cycle, at least partially, is responsible for the observed heterogeneity but other factors should also be taken into account. We identified specific changes in membrane domain structure leading to selective refinement of heat shock proteins in a heterogeneous cell population which could help us to understand why a small subpopulation of cells could determine the outcome of important disease states." @default.
• W1000098307 abstract "This chapter discusses elimination reactions. An organic molecule undergoes an elimination reaction when it loses two atoms or groups of atoms that are subsequently not replaced. Most frequently, the fragments are removed from the adjacent atoms and the processes are called beta-eliminations or 1,2-eliminations. Many well-known synthetic organic reactions fall into this category: (1) Hofmann elimination, (2) Cope elimination, and (3) Chugaev reaction. The mechanisms of reactions, leading to olefinic products, which occur by beta-elimination processes, are discussed in this chapter. The majority of olefin-forming reactions of synthetic importance are beta eliminations, which usually involve the removal of the elements HX, from the adjacent carbon atoms. The processes are often base-catalyzed but will also occur in the absence of bases under solvolytic conditions. The orientation of elimination is greatly influenced by the choice of the leaving group, the substituents at the alpha and beta carbons and the base and solvent. In many cases, the direct products of elimination are unstable under the reaction conditions and the intermediacy of a three membered ring is established by carefully combining the kinetic studies and subsequent product analysis. This approach is adequately illustrated by the well-known Neber, Ramberg-Backlund, and Favorskii rearrangements." @default.
• W1000098805 abstract "It is now recognized that defective placentation in the human is a cause of many pregnancy complications, such as spontaneous abortion, preterm labor and delivery, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal death and abruptio placenta. These clinical disorders can often have long-term consequences into adulthood, causing cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes for the newborn as well as an increased risk of premature death in the mother. This is the first book to be entirely focused on the placental bed, bringing together the results of basic and clinical research in cell biology, immunology, endocrinology, pathology, genetics and imaging to consolidate in a single, informative source for investigators and clinicians. Its core aim is to explore new approaches and improve current clinical practice. This is essential reading for clinicians in obstetric, cardiovascular and reproductive medicine." @default.
• W100009934 abstract "The behavior of the structure thin-walled elements upon finite displacements is described in terms of the boundary value problem for non-linear differential equations. The dependence of the mechanical system state vector (mathop {rm{X}}limits^ to) on external effect vector (mathop {rm{Q}}limits^ to) may be very complicated. Thus Fig.I shows the relation between deflection Wo in the vertex of the gently sloping spherical shell and load parameter q [1]. To obtain the solution of such problems numerical methods are usually used." @default.
• W100009945 abstract "Analyse d'une methode de calcul avec l'ordinateur pour calculer la densite des echantillons d'etoiles. Cette methode a ete utilisee par Oort, puis par Bahcall. On discute des modeles de densite de Bahcall. On montre que les modeles de Bahcall sont compatibles avec les donnees" @default.
• W100009964 abstract "The French zoologist Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) was the most prominent evolutionary theorist before Darwin. He was the first biologist to elaborate a comprehensive theory involving the progressive development of all the different forms of life on the Earth, beginning with the simplest and proceeding gradually, over time, to the most complex. Although his name is closely associated with the idea of the inheritance of acquired characters (and while he did make this idea an integral part of his evolutionary theorizing), he neither originated the idea nor took particular credit for it. It was not until late in the nineteenth century that the inheritance of acquired characters came to be represented as a distinctively Lamarckian concept." @default.
• W1000099689 abstract "The exposure of electronic circuits to lightning, electrostatic discharge (ESD), electrical fast transients (EFT) or sine wave signals can reveal RF immunity problems. Typical problems include temporary malfunctions or permanent damage of integrated circuits (ICs). In an effort to reproduce those disturbances, a series of electromagnetic compatibility standards has been developed. However, a complete understanding of the root cause of the immunity problems has yet to be established. This dissertation discusses immunity problems in three papers, starting at the system level, via the coupling path into the IC. The first paper analyzes system level ESD testing, wherein a Round Robin test was conducted at three different locations to investigate ESD test repeatability. It allowed a correlation of parameters that describe the severity of an ESD generator with respect to failure levels observed in equipments under test (EUTs). The results demonstrate the importance of the transient field generated by ESD generators for obtaining test result repeatability and indicate narrowband coupling between the ESD generator and the EUT. The second paper presents and analysis of the coupling path. This method analyzes the coupling path under the assumption of linearity in the frequency domain. Further, it shows the limitations of the small signal assumption caused by the non-linear effects of active devices. The third paper analyzes the immunity of ICs against the noise generated from EFTs with emphasis on the power delivery network (PDN). A methodology for obtaining and analyzing a circuit model of PDN inside an IC is provided. The model includes the ESD protection diodes as well as passive elements between power and ground pins. This allows estimating the current sharing of different branches within the IC and an analysis of the reaction of ESD power rail clamp to overvoltage conditions." @default.
• W100010092 abstract "Glaucomatocyclitic Crisis (AKA Posner-Schlossman syndrome) is a syndrome that affects patients between the ages of 20 and 50 years. It is characterized by a mild recurrent anterior uveitis associated with an out-of-proportion intraocular pressure spike in the same eye. The cause is unclear, but many theories exist. Some researchers have tried to connect it with primary open-angle glaucoma.A review of the record of a 41-year-old Hispanic woman with Posner-Schlossman syndrome is discussed. She sought treatment on multiple occasions with symptoms of mild pain, photophobia, and a blurry left eye. Examination revealed mild anterior chamber reaction and an intraocular pressure (IOP) spike in the same eye. She was treated with topical anti-inflammatory and pressure-lowering agents. Each individual flare-up was treated successfully, but the patient began to show equivocal signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (PDAG). She is currently treated prophylactically for POAG with a beta-blocker. No etiologic factor was identified in this patient. The differential diagnosis is straight-forward and the treatment is general uveitic therapy--minus cycloplegics--combined with an IOP-lowering drop.This is an interesting and relatively rare uveitic condition. The list of differential diagnoses is long, as is the theorized etiologies; however, clinically the condition is relatively quickly identifiable by the presence (and absence) of signs and symptoms." @default.
• W100010096 abstract "Many methods for EMI suppression have been developed in the last fifty years, most of them, showing a hardly change in its implementation. Traditional tools for EMI suppression are related to the use of filters, shielding techniques and new methods for layout improvement. These hardware techniques are normally supported with waveform shapes having themselves a lower spectral content. This kind of signals makes part of a different concept of EMI suppression that consists of limiting the spectral content in the signal itself. When possible, just waveforms with a lower spectral content should be used, this way making easier, simpler and cheaper the use of filters and other suppression means. In this line, EMI-reduction techniques such a Spread Spectrum Clock Generation (SSCG) are contributing to eliminate or limit the problem at the root, that is, at the signal itself. This thesis is developed in several parts, corresponding to different chapters. A summary of these chapters is presented onwards: After introduction in chapter 1, a wide theoretical development of the modulation and related concepts are presented in chapter 2. It is explained generically all aspects related to the modulation and particularly, to the frequency modulation. Main parameters of frequency modulation are presented and explained in detail and how practical considerations may affect to the theoretical behaviour of these parameters. Because the theoretical part of this thesis is completely based on the fundamentals of Fourier Transform, a sufficient explanation was thought to include for its right understanding . Finally, all this knowledge is summarized in a computational algorithm (MATLAB environment), capable of generating any frequency modulation of a sinusoidal carrier and the corresponding spectral components resulting from the modulation process. Chapter 3 takes profit of the results obtained in Chapter 2 where it is possible to obtain the theoretical behaviour of the different modulation profiles of interest: sinusoidal, triangular, exponential and mixed waveforms. This way, chapter 3 is intended to completely understand and analyze the theoretical behaviour of these modulation profiles and be quantified according to several significant measure parameters. Afterwards, a comparison of these modulation profiles is carried out by means of the measure parameters defined previously. A proposal of control for a real power converter and theoretical considerations to apply a certain SSCG method to switching power converters are also included in this chapter. After all aspects of frequency modulation by means of SSCG methods have been theoretically developed, it is mandatory the verification of the theoretical conclusions through an experimental test plant. Chapter 4 starts with the description, theoretical calculation and physical implementation of this test plant. Most practical considerations are here dealt with, like the influence of the Spectrum Analyzer's Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) on the measured EMI, a proposal of a practical method to select a valuable SSCG technique applied to Switching Power Converters, comparative measurements of conducted EMI within the range of conducted emissions (0 Hz 30 MHz) and a proposal about SSCG as a method to avoid interfering a certain signal. Chapter 5 summarizes the whole conclusions gathered through the previous chapters and, finally, chapter 6 lists references related to the thesis, separated into different thematic groups." @default.
• W100010138 abstract "1. The antero-posterior diameter (APD) of the cervical spinal canals in 96 cases of cervical spondylosis with radiculopathy and radiculomyelopathy was measured for each vertebra by the method of Burrows, and the thecoperiosteal diameter (TPD) of the cervical spinal canals in the same cases was measured from myelograms by the method of Symon. 2. The APD in patients with myelopathy or positive Queckentedt's test was found to be significantly smaller than those of without them. The upper limit of APD at C4 to C6 vertebrae in patients with myelopathy or positive Queckenstedt's test was 15 mm, while the lower limit of APD in patients with radiculopathy or negative Queckenstedt's test was 13 mm. As based on these findings, the following conclusions were drawn: When the APD is smaller than 15 mm, there is always a chance to develop spondylotic myelopathy or spinal subarachnoid block though not absolute, but if the APD is smaller than 12 mm, the patient will have myelopathy and spinal subarachnoid block absolutely without exception. 3. The TPD in patients with myelopathy or positive Queckenstedt's test was also found to be more significantly smaller than those of without them. It could be seen that the smaller the TPD, the more chance to develop myelopathy and also spinal subarachnoid block. The upper limit of the TPD in myelopathy was 11 mm, and that in spinal arachnoid block was 10 mm. The smallest value in radiculopathy was 9 mm, so that it was suggested that a case which has the value smaller than 8 mm might develop myelopathy. 4. The hight of the inter-body spurs was measured from lateral myelograms in individual case. The value in case with myelopathy and positive Queckenstedt's test was much larger than that of radiculopathy or negative Queckenstedt's test. The lower limit of the hight of the inter-body spurs in case with myelopathy and spinal subarachnoid block was 3 mm." @default.
• W100010139 abstract "This thesis sets out to identify and analyse two themes that underpin the theory of Bildung that Nietzsche develops in his works and notebooks from between 1870 and 1876, and to show that these themes both shape and reflect his view of Goethe. These themes will be designated as ‘Freiheit’, which denotes the autonomy of culture and the individual that permits their untrammelled development, and ‘Fruchtbarkeit’, which prioritises creative, life-enhancing activity over the acquisition of knowledge. The thesis will also show that these two themes remain central to Nietzsche’s philosophy in the later stages of his active life, and that the importance he attaches to them can help to illuminate some of the changes and shifts in his thought during those periods. They also continue to form the basis of his Goethebild in his later works." @default.
• W1000102210 abstract "Background_ Heart transplantation is a treatment for end stage heart failure. But several complications such as acute rejection, graft failure, transplant vasculopathy (TVP) and cancer still limits the survival after heart transplantation. Galectin-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) (human s90K/Mac-2BP) seem to have pro- as well as anti-inflammatory effects in various immune diseases. Thus, we investigated whether Gal-3BP represents an adequate marker for fatal complications after heart transplantation. Methods_ The study investigated the role of the immune modulator Gal-3BP by using an assay to determine the concentration of Galectin-3BP serum levels from 100 cardiac allograft recipients 6 weeks and then yearly up to five years after transplantation. Of each patient clinical data, medication and blood parameter were collected. TVP were diagnosed by coronary angiography. Results_ The study demonstrated that patients developing a TVP within five years after transplantation had significantly higher Gal-3BP serum l..." @default.
• W100010270 abstract "Welcome to this new and exciting journey toward Windows Phone 8 development! In this chapter, we will cover the essential information you will need to hit the ground running in mobile application development for the Windows Phone OS 8.0 platform. If you have developed Windows Phone 7 applications, don't skip over this chapter just yet! We also have a recipe for upgrading your Windows Phone 7.x apps to Windows Phone 8." @default.
• W100010275 abstract "In the present study, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are adopted to simulate groundwater table fluctuations. A multilayer feed-forward neural network model has been developed and trained using a back-propagation algorithm. The training data was based on field measurements (KANG et al., 1994) from five different locations down the east coast of Australia. The data included information on watertable, tide elevation, beach slopes and hydraulic conductivity at each beach. The results from the developed model show that the artificial neural network model is very successful in terms of the prediction of a target that is dependent on a number of variables. Sensitivity analysis was undertaken which confirmed that a variation in tide elevation is the most important parameter to use for simulating groundwater levels in coastal aquifers." @default.
• W1000103617 abstract "The task of computer-modelling for stressed membrane surface structures is considered. Following a brief introduction the handling of inflatable structures are described. Finally, some evaluation tools are shown. Flexibility ellipsoids help to estimate the sensitivity of mechanical systems; redundancy numbers can be used to determine the accuracy for the production. The so-called force finding helps to find an appropriate state of prestress for primary structures which is shown in examples. It follows an automatic procedures for again and again tasks in the cutting pattern calculations." @default.
• W1000104295 abstract "There were quantitative and qualitative differences in the in-vitro synthesis of 3 polypeptides between squamous and columnar epithelial explants of human cervix. One cross-linked keratin-like polypeptide of mol. wt 50,000 was synthesized and phosphorylated by squamous but not by columnar explants; a second cross-linked keratin-like polypeptide of mol. wt 52,000, which was present in larger amounts in squamous than columnar explants, was both glycosylated and phosphorylated during in-vitro explantation of squamous tissue; a third polypeptide of mol. wt 25,200 which was keratin-like but not cross-linked, was synthesized in squamous-tissue explants but in only 4% of columnar-tissue explants." @default.
• W100010531 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter investigates the formation of FeCO 3 on the steel surface and hydrogen embrittlement effects during near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of API 5L grades X46 and X60 steels. Metallographic analysis reveals the presence of ferritic matrix with lamellar perlite phases in both steels. A nitrogen purge is used to mechanically remove the oxygen from the solution. The same procedure is used when the NS4 solution is the electrolyte. Percent elongation at failure (%EL) and percent reduction in area (%RA) are used as parameters characterizing environmental effects on the mechanical behavior of steels. Polarization curves indicate that both steels exhibit anodic dissolution in all corrosive environments. The behaviors of the steels in soil E and NS4 solutions are similar. This suggests that the NS4 solution can be representative of a synthetic soil solution. An involvement of anodic dissolution in the SCC process is evident when specimens are tested without applying the cathodic potential. Anodic dissolution appears to be a secondary mechanism involved in the cracking process. From slow strain rate tensile tests, carried out at the cathodic potential, it is evident that ductile properties of steels decrease and secondary cracks appear on the fracture surface that is free of corrosion products." @default.
• W1000105341 abstract "Kinetics of municipal sewage degradation in Expanded Granular Sludge Bed(EGSB)and Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket(UASB)reactors at 10℃ were investigated via continuous experimental equipments.The results indicated that the whole reaction process can be simulated by the first-order dynamic equation model.Dynamic parameters such as k,Vmax and Ks of UASB in hydrolysis acidification stage were 1.08 d-1,2.8 d-1 and 372 mg/L comparing to those of 1.18 d-1,3.5 d-1 and 112 mg/L in the methanogenesis stage respecti..." @default.
• W100010596 abstract "Abstract : Prior to the US invasion of Iraq on 20 March 2003, several State Department and Department of Defense (DOD) agencies were frantically piecing together a detailed Phase IV (post-war) plan for Iraq. Unclear and ambiguous guidance from the National Security Council (NSC) forced State and DOD entities to conduct planning largely in isolation from one another, ultimately leading to a disjointed and stove-piped approach to reconstruction planning. The lack of a coordinated Phase IV planning approach during the execution of OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF) highlights the need to expand the powers of the National Security Advisor. New congressional legislation should mandate the coordination of the security roles of all federal agencies in the U.S. Government under a Director for National Security to provide clear direction and focus for all pre- and post-war planning." @default.
• W1000106411 abstract "The research has shaped around the statements of independence (and related to this general concept autonomy, self-government and self-support) in Istanbul art-scene. To comprehend and to comment on the contemporary understanding of the notion independence and the concepts related to it, a chronological summary of state protection and interference of artistic expression and art in the republican period is necessary along with a chronological summary of the emerging private sector in art market. Comparisons of the formation of early artist groups and the formation of contemporary initiatives in context of independence of artistic are subjects in question. A collection of recent texts is presented. These texts are either interviews with contemporary artists, collectives, groups, scholars or excerpts from meetings revolving around the issues of independence, autonomy, self-government and the legal reflections of these. In conclusion, with the information from historical documents and recent discussions an exhibition model for an individual artist is presented (in this case Belkis Isik, myself) and a conceptual structure is suggested for the social and legislative representation of artist communities." @default.
• W1000107257 abstract "Tal y como dice el titulo, deseamos introducirnos en el mundo de la inmigracion desde la version que hacen del mismo dos peliculas de muy diferente catadura, una apenas percibida por el publico, Negocios ocultos, y otra repleta de premios y de aplausos Maria llena eres de gracia. Y lo relevante de ambas es que llevan el realismo filmico hasta limites insospechados pero, a su vez, con estilos diferentes" @default.
• W100010733 abstract "The initial steps involved in the utilization of gluconate by E. coli, its incorporation into the cell and subsequent phosphorylation to gluconate 6-phosphate, conform two systems that duplicate activities. These systems, GntI and GntII, are specified by two sets of genes distinctly regulated and located respectively at the malA-asd (75 min) and fdp-valS (96 min) regions of the bacterial chromosome. The presence of duplicate activities in the metabolism of gluconate of E. coli, has made difficult the study of the expression and participation of the GntI and GntII systems. In order to advance in this respect, the phage lambda placMu53 was used to select operon gnt::lacZ fusion in a E. coli strain delta (edd-zwf), delta (gnd-his), delta lac. Here we report the study of a gntT::lacZ fusion. This transductant allowed to differentiate the inducible expression of the gntT and gntU genes. Its characteristics, in agreement with previous reports, support the central role of the gntT gene in this metabolism." @default.
• W1000107640 abstract "To obtain the competition advantages, the methodology of rapid design (RD) is applied widely in enterprises. Product oriented knowledge applied into product optimization based on design instances can avoid the repeated modeling and analyzing and result in improved design efficiency. Firstly, rapid design technology is overviewed. Secondly, general mathematical model of mechanical product rapid optimization is introduced. Thirdly, the process of knowledge-based rapid optimization combined with genetic algorithm is derived and the fitness determination of GA Optimization is discussed in detail. The research in this paper, however, is beneficial to the application of rapid design and optimization." @default.
• W1000108180 abstract "Articulo traducido en F.R. Adrados - J. Rodriguez Somolinos (eds.), «El Diccionario Griego-Espanol y la lexicografia Bizantina», La lexicografia griega y el Diccionario Griego-Espanol, DGE. Anejo VI, Madrid, CSIC, 2005, pp.131-140" @default.
• W1000108549 abstract "Abstract A method to assess the thermodynamic variables on regional scale using MODIS multispectral band measurements (MOD09GA product) was developed. It was applied to describe the spatial and temporal variability of thermodynamic variables within the western part of the East European Plain in Russia. Seasonal dynamics of thermodynamic variables was described for the main types of a landscape cover. It was found that the landscape cover in the winter is close to steady-state conditions. In the spring, the system abruptly passes into a non-equilibrium state, reaching maximal values of information increment in June. It was shown that during the growing period, the relationship between the absorbed and incoming solar radiation is almost constant for each type of landscape cover. The variation of exergy is much higher. Results show that the forest biomes in study region realize two main strategies for energy use: forest ecosystems maximize exergy (latent heat flux), peat bogs maintain the latent heat fluxes at the level of steppe vegetation. The increment of information is closely coupled with biological production. There is a very high negative coupling within a forest biome between exergy and the air temperature, as well as positive ones between exergy and precipitation amount. For steppe vegetation, such coupling is absent. Various strategies for water use, on the one hand, by forests and, on the other hand, by grassland and peatbog plant communities determine the border discreteness in the wide range of spatial and temporal scales." @default.
• W1000109451 abstract "The current study investigated the differences in body image, self-esteem,and response to teasing based on gender in a predominantly African American sample. Participants included 50 college age students from South Carolina State University. Participants were group administered a demographics information sheet, the Multidimensional Body Self-Relation Questionnaire-Appearance Scale(MBSRQ-AS; Cash, 2000), the Multidimensional Self Esteem Inventory (MSEI;O'Brien & Epstein, 1988), a Negative Verbal Commentary Scenario, and the Physical Appearance Related Teasing Scale (PARTS; Thompson, Fabian,Moulton, Dunn, & Altabe, 1991). Three separate Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVAs) was conducted. Results indicated no significant difference on the Appearance Evaluation and Appearance Orientation Scales. However,there was a significant difference for the Body Areas Satisfaction and Overweight Preoccupation Scale, with the males scoring higher than females. Also there was a significant difference on the Self-Classified Weight Scales, with females scoring higher than males. The results indicated that the females scored higher than the males on the Global Self Esteem Scale, Competence, Personal Power, Body Appearance, Body Functioning, and Identity Formation. Females scored lower than males on Defensive Self-enhancement. There were no Significant differences found on measures of the impact of teasing. Exploratory analyses,limitations, and implications for future research will be discussed in the paper." @default.
• W100010967 abstract "A versatile modular hip system was used to evaluate the initial stability of a cementless femoral stem in anatomically consistent composite bones. Four implant bone configurations of varying proximal and distal fit/fill were tested. The implanted femurs were tested on an Instron 1331 materials testing machine in neutral loading and flexion loading; both translational micromotions and rotations of the implant relative to the bone were recorded on all three axes of motion, accounting for all 6 degrees of freedom of joint motion. Implants were then sectioned, and both endosteal canal fit and intramedullary canal fill were measured. Results indicate that (1) loading the implant in flexion by out-of-plane forces significantly increases both relative translation and rotation at the interface, (2) increasing the proximal fit reduces implant rotation about its longitudinal axis in flexion loading and (3) increasing the distal canal fit and fill increases prosthesis rotation about its longitudinal axis in flexion loading. These results indicate that the femoral stem is more unstable in out-of-plane loading, such as during stair climbing, and that increasing the proximal fit may enhance the initial rotational stability of an uncemented femoral stem." @default.
• W1000109681 abstract "This chapter examines the dependence of kinetic parameters for the isomerization of cyclopropane on zeolites modified by dealumination or ion-exchange. Results are examined in the context of theoretical models for acidity and catalytic activity. The mechanism for isomerization of cyclopropane over acidic catalysts is well established. Under the conditions of activation used in the experiment described in the chapter, reaction almost certainly proceeds via a carbocation intermediate. In the experiment, nitrogen sorption was determined volumetrically and pyridine chemisorption by microbalance (Cahn). X-ray powder photographs were obtained with a Philips spectrometer. Kinetic measurements were made using a pulsed microreactor modified to allow measurement of retention times on the catalyst. The catalysts were activated in a stream of pure dry helium and temperature was raised stepwise over a few hours to the final activation temperature (usually 400°C) where it was maintained for 16 hours. Results were based on runs with good carbon balances (98±2%). Experimental temperatures were selected randomly and the activation energies derived were found to be independent of the carrier gas flow rate." @default.
• W100011022 abstract "In November 1973 Dame Helen Gardner, distinguished editor of Donne and Herbert, wrote me, saying think study of Herbert as 'Calvinist' would be very valuable thing to do (letter to author). Since then literary critics including Barbara Lewalski, Richard Strier, Gene Veith, Christopher Hodgkins, Elizabeth Clarke, Ron Cooley, Cristina Malcolmson, and I have been claiming that George Herbert is significantly Calvinist. Far from reflecting credulity about Lewalski's Protestant Poetics and Seventeenth-Century English Lyric (1979), as Stanley Stewart suggests (A Priest to Geneva Temple 167), such interpretations in fact follow up fruitful suggestions made as early as Joseph Summers' ground-breaking book in 1954. While Rosemond Tuve, Louis Martz (The Poetry of Meditation), and R. V. Young have effectively related elements in Herbert to continental medieval and Roman Catholic backgrounds, other writers named have paid attention to recent historical insights into English church, main leadership of which in most of Herbert's time was Calvinist (Collinson, Fincham, Lake, Tyacke). But objections by Martz (Donne, Herbert, and Worm of Controversy, The Generous Ambiguity of Herbert's Temple), Stewart (Priest), and Young (Doctrine and Devotion in Seventeenth-Century Poetry) to Protestant interpretations deserve an answer. As Stewart notes (Priest 168), there is tendency for critics to pay most attention to those poems or writings in Herbert they find most appealing, or about which they feel equipped to write. That approach should be supplemented and corrected by considering case made for other views. It is no accident that Herbert has attracted good critics with many different approaches, because, as I argue elsewhere (Doerksen, Generous' Ambiguity Revisited), this poet was deliberately reaching out to people of different viewpoints within and outside his church. Herbert scholarship is, and should be, joint enterprise. Critics who use term should explain what they mean by it. William J. Bouwsma in Encyclopaedia Britannica Online says Calvinism is the theology advanced by John Calvin ... and its development by his [Also,] doctrines and practices derived from works of Calvin and his followers.... Historian Anthony Milton, in an important book on Church of from 1600-1640, defines English Calvinism as a general sympathy with continental Reformed tradition in all its purely doctrinal aspects, and sense of identification with West European Calvinist Churches and their fortunes (8). This definition silently acknowledges that other writers, such as Bucer and Bullinger, and of course English ones, were influential in movement. Milton also recognizes that Calvinism, like other aspects of Early Modern Church of England, comprised range of views, and changed as it developed. Milton's definition of Calvinism includes Herbert, who had an enduring in success of international Protestantism (Malcolmson 21)--an interest not shared by Laudians. (1) More specifically, English Calvinism had doctrinal core of Protestant theology, emphasizing God's grace. Although Calvinism was not tied exclusively to writings of Calvin, in those writings were widely circulated and had enormous significance. According to Pettegree, tally of revised Short Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, 1475-1640 indicates that English editions of Calvin's works easily outstripped all other continental writers, and dwarfed production of native English theologians (281). Pettegree reports that Leedham-Green's substantial survey of books recorded in Cambridge wills, carefully analyzed, confirms the preeminent position of Calvin as dominant theological influence in Elizabethan England (280). Also, he cites Francis Higman's bibliographical studies showing that was far and away biggest market for Calvin's work in translation. …" @default.
• W1000110450 abstract "The rate of convergence of the conjugate series of the mixed Jacobi series for continuous function of bounded vartation is given." @default.
• W1000110557 abstract "In this paper, a Modified Exact Reconstruction Algorithm for Microwave Tomography has been proposed and applied on a diseased semi-human-sized biological target. An Exact Algorithm already developed for imaging has been used on a semi-human-sized normal biological model and, thereby, a reconstructed image on the basis of complex permittivities of the cells is obtained with an average accuracy of (90%-99%) for different regions. When a particular portion of the model is affected by some diseases, those cells are characterized by different values of complex permittivity from the normal ones. But the result provided by the Exact Algorithm is not very accurate for medical diagnosis when applied on such diseased model. It creates suspicion only about any disease on that portion. The aforesaid algorithm is, therefore, modified by considering the deviations in electric fields in all cells on account of change of permittivity in the diseased region. The image is reconstructed iteratively only on clinically suspected region keeping the values of complex permittivity in other cells the same as in its normal states. The reconstructed image thus obtained by using Modified Exact Algorithm is supposed to have sufficient accuracy of 95% for the diagnosis in medical field and may be helpful for detection of disease in human body in future." @default.
• W100011069 abstract "The adsorptive properties of Saclay soil for cesium are measured and expressed in terms of partition coefflcients. It is found that cesium uptake does not follow the Langmuir isotherm, except for extremely low concentrations. Cesium is very selectively adsorbed, however, and its movement in such a soil is extremely slow. (auth)" @default.
• W1000110731 abstract "The aim of this project was to evaluate the suitability of two filtration methods for the exhaust gases emitted from a Diesel test engine. The two filtration methods considered were Cyclone technology and Fabric filter technology. Each method considered individually and conclusions were made at the end of the analysis as to which is most suitable for use.The Hydrocarbon Fuel being burnt in the test engine is an approximate Diesel,Diethyloctane, an Isoparaffin(www.chevron.com) with the chemical make up C12H26.It is known that the engine burns with 20% Excess air, therefore the Stoichiometric chemical reaction will not be sufficient for evaluation of the exhaust emissions. Thelocal environment that the filtration method must operate within is fairly harsh and limiting for design. The Exhaust gas temperature is 177oC (450K), therefore limitingmaterial use for each filtration device. Another consideration is the nature of the gas entering the filtration device. By-products of Diesel are corrosive, again limiting material choice. Further considerations in the preliminary designs include the weightof the collection device as this will need to be kept to a minimum due to its engine application. Overall size will further constrain the design as it will be required toattach to the end of a 50mm Diameter (Estimated) exhaust pipe." @default.
• W100011079 abstract "This note overviews several studies that have been conducted on the economic impact of onchocerciasis (river blindness) control through the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC). A cost-benefit analysis of the APOC concludes that the programme is highly cost-effective. The economic rate of return (ERR) is 17% if benefits are considered in accordance with the stated objective of the programme (i.e. the achievement of long-term, sustainable, ivermectin-delivery systems). However, the cost-benefit analysis significantly under-estimates the net benefits from the APOC, since it considers, for ease of quantification, only the reduction in blindness as the principal benefit accruing from control activities. Recent studies, summarized here, have shown that there may be substantial benefits (in terms of enhanced productivity, increased household-level welfare, and reduced health-related expenditure, for instance) resulting from the reduction of the skin-related symptoms associated with the disease." @default.
• W100011190 abstract "The relationship between occupancy of thrombin receptors on platelets and enhanced phosphoinositide hydrolysis was analysed by examination of the dose-response relationship, the effects of thrombin inhibitors and the contribution of secondary effects. Washed human platelets were labelled with [3H]inositol, and agonist-induced accumulation of labelled inositol phosphates was measured. The dose-response curves and the time courses for alpha-thrombin- or gamma-thrombin-induced accumulation of inositol phosphates were similar to those for dense-granule secretion. Addition of the thrombin inhibitor hirudin to thrombin-activated platelets revealed that the continuous presence of active thrombin was required to maintain the accumulation of labelled inositol phosphates; the total production of inositol phosphates increased with longer periods of exposure to thrombin, reaching a maximum between 5 and 10 min. After activation with thrombin, the ability of a second, greater, addition of thrombin to induce additional phosphoinositide hydrolysis decreased with time; it was absent within 10 min after the first addition. The failure to sustain accumulation of labelled inositol phosphates or to respond to a second addition of thrombin beyond 10 min was not due to depletion of the pool of labelled precursors, because the platelets retained their ability to respond to collagen. Addition of ADP-consuming enzymes decreased sensitivity to thrombin, but inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase with indomethacin did not impair the thrombin-induced hydrolysis of phosphoinositides. It was concluded that thrombin-induced hydrolysis of phosphoinositides has characteristics consistent with mediation by a receptor that is similar to that that triggers dense-granule secretion, requires continuous presence of active thrombin to be maintained, is mediated by a receptor that displays thrombin-induced desensitization, and is only partially enhanced by secondary agents." @default.
• W100011219 abstract "This study aimed at investigating the effect of conformation on the loading pattern of the hoof wall. Two horses with different front limb conformation were used. One had an inward deviation of the right toe from the frontal axis (toe-in) and the other had both toes pointing forward. Stride characteristics of both horses differed in that the right hoof of the toe-in horse was always placed in front of the left hoof during movement and break over occurred on the lateral aspect of that hoof. Triaxial rosette strains gauges were placed at the toe, the medial and the lateral quarters of both front hooves of each horse. Strains of seven consecutive strides were sampled at the walk, trot, canter and sprint via a portable signal conditioner while the horses moved on a treadmill. Mean midstance strains were used in the analysis. Compressive principal strains predominated in the wall. Strains increased following impact and peaked during the propulsion phase of the stride, except at the medial quarter of the right hoof of the toe-in horse, where strains were much lower and varied little in magnitude along the stance phase. This was coincident with the inward deviation of the toe and the break over lateral to the hoof, indicating that the medial side of that hoof was not loaded to the same extent as the corresponding site on the other hooves studied. We concluded that toe-in conformation does affect load distribution in the hoof wall." @default.

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