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• W100017794 abstract "ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen exchange between methylviologen cation and basic deuterium oxideAnne L. Rieger and John O. EdwardsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 25, 5102–5104Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00225a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (387 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts" @default.
• W100017942 abstract "In this paper a solution algorithm to chance-constrained multiobjective integer linear fractional programming problem is suggested. We assume that there is randomness in the right-hand side of the constraints only and that the random variables are normally distributed. Some stability notions for the problem of concern are defined and characterized. An illustrative numerical example is provided to clarify the developed theory and the suggested solution algorithm." @default.
• W100017944 abstract "A review is presented of various laws and policies related to water pollution. Oil pollution in the ocean, particularly from international tanker traffic, was a primary topic of concern. The 1976 Barcelona Convention and Protocols on Mediterranean Pollution was outlined, and it was stated that regional conventions of this type, sponsored by the United Nations Environment Program, would provide the most effective method of attaining international cooperation to abate marine pollution. State water pollution control was discussed in relation to the nitrate pollution of aquifers. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 drew the most attention, however, particularly the judicial enforcement of the Army Corps of Engineers' jurisdiction under Section 404. A discussion was given of administrative problems that were likely to arise in implementing the Corps' authority over wetlands, and these could be solved by state legislation, congressional overview, and a precise geographical designation of the juisdictional boundary. Other legislation examined included the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 and strip mine regulations. Also discussed was the proposal for floating nuclear power plants, from the standpoints of environmental impact, international law and government regulations." @default.
• W100017997 abstract "Die allergologische Abklärung ist bei Verdacht auf eine Allergie auf Beta-Laktam-Antibiotika wichtig, um die Reaktion zu bestätigen und alternative Medikamente zu testen. Da jedoch alle Testmethoden der allergologischen Abklärung (Hautteste und in-vitro-Tests) eine nicht sehr hohe Sensitivität haben, ist eine vorherige umfassende Anamnese sowie die Dokumentation der Symptome und Befunde entscheidend, um eine hohe Aussagekraft der Untersuchung zu ermöglichen und die Indikation zum in vielen Fällen notwendigen Provokationstest stellen zu können. Als wesentliche Voraussetzung muss neben der Klinik der zeitliche Ablauf festgehalten werden, um zwischen einer Sofortreaktion (wenige Stunden nach Substanzeinnahme) und einer Spätreaktion (einige Tage nach Einnahme) unterscheiden zu können. Die Abklärung bis spätestens sechs Monate nach der Reaktion erhöht die Chancen einer erfolgreichen allergologischen Abklärung." @default.
• W1000180307 abstract "AIM: To investigate the effects of chronic treatment with imidapril on the electrophysiologic heterogeneous change of the noninfarcted myocardium of rabbits after myocardial infarction and the mechanism of its antiarrhythmic efficacy. METHODS: Rabbits with left coronary artery ligation were prepared and allowed to recover for 8 weeks. Myocytes were isolated from subendocardial, midmyocardial, and subepicardial regions of the noninfarcted left ventricular wall. Action potentials and calcium current were recorded using whole-cell patch clamp technique. RESULTS: The action potential duration of repolarization 90 % (APD90) was more prolonged in midmyocardium rather than in subepicardium and subendocardium with healed myocardial infarction. The transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) was increased in the three ventricular regions. The amplitude of/Ca-L was enhanced but its density was decreased in noninfarcted ventricular myocytes due to increased cell membrane capacitance. The increased differences of calcium currents among subepicardium, midmyocardium, and subendocardium were also discovered. Normalization of heterogeneous changes in repolarization after treatment with imidapril was observed and decrease of TDR in noninfarcted area was measured. Early after depolarization (EAD) events of noninfarcted midmyocardium were markedly decreased by imidapril. CONCLUSION: Imidapril reduced the electrophysiologic heterogeneities in noninfarcted area in rabbits after myocardial infarction. This ability of imidapril may contribute to its antiarrhythmic efficacy." @default.
• W100018037 abstract "Abstract : This report describes virtual reality technology, which uses three-dimensional user- generated content, and its use by the U.S. military and intelligence community for training and other purposes. Both the military and private sector use this new technology, but terrorist groups may also be using it to train more realistically for future attacks, while still avoiding detection on the Internet. The issues for Congress to consider may include the cost-benefit implications of this technology, whether sufficient resources are available for the communications infrastructure needed to support expanded use of virtual reality technology, and whether there might be national security considerations if the United States falls behind other nations in developing or adopting this new technology. This report will be updated as events warrant." @default.
• W1000180593 abstract "Taken the requirements of web pornographic image recognition both on precision and speed, a pornographic image recognition method based on Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) is proposed in this paper. The whole recognition process can be divided into two parts: coarse detection and fine detection. Coarse detection can identify the non-pornographic images with no or fewer skin-color regions and facial images quickly. For the remaining images containing much more skin-color regions, fine detection is conducted, which includes three steps: (1) extract ORB descriptors from the skin-color regions and represent the descriptors based on Bag of Words (BOW) model, (2) construct the feature vector combining ORB feature with 72-dimensional Hue, Saturation, Value (HSV) color feature of the whole image, (3) train the classification model using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and apply it for image recognition. The experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain better recognition precision and drastically reduce the average time cost to 1/4 of the method based on Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT)." @default.
• W1000181388 abstract "This chapter discusses the role of recently appeared inhibitors in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia (HC). The general subject of cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition has been recently reviewed. The indan-1,3-dione causes a 50% inhibition of cytoplasmic S-acetyl coenzyme A synthetase, the enzyme responsible for acetate activation in the first biosynthetic step. Compactin and lovastatin, the first fungal metabolite inhibitors of HMGR, have been the subject of many reviews. Lovastatin has been shown to be the most effective treatment for lowering both TC and LDL-C in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. A third fungal metabolite under clinical development is pravastatin. Some steroids, bearing a second oxygen function, are known to inhibit HMGR in vitro, possibly by a feedback mechanism. Plant sterols are commonly present in the human diet in edible vegetable oils and fats. The hypocholesterolemic effect of plant sterols, most commonly β-sitosterol, has been well documented in animals and man. Several enzymes have been postulated to be responsible for cholesterol esterification. These are lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT), cholesterol esterase (CEH), and acyl cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). Pancreatic cholesterol esterase has also been implicated in the esterification of exogenous C. Treatment of HC with bile acid sequestrants remains the first line and most cost effective method of drug therapy. The efficacy of bile-acid sequestrants and HMGR inhibitors, in treating HC in man, is now well documented. Recent research into C absorption inhibitors has uncovered a number of interesting drug types. In the future, increased knowledge of the underlying causes of HC might allow drug therapy to be targeted for specific defects in lipid metabolism." @default.
• W1000181682 abstract "Recommender systems for personal preferences have been widely developed for applications such as Amazon online shopping website, pandora radio and netflix movie. They are developed based on recorded user preferences to estimate user ratings on new items/stuffs. To recommend TV or movies, it has to perform recommendation for group users. By simply merging preferences of group users, it can act as a single user for recommendation. However, this approach ignores individual user preferences, and user dominance in interaction, which cannot reflect practical group user interests. We proposed to estimate inter-user dominance factor through the neural network algorithm, based on practical group user rating records. In addition, both content-based and user-based collaborative filtering methods are adopted based on the inter-user dominant factors to predict group users’ preference for program recommendation. The proposed adaptive program recommender based on dynamic group user profiles is evaluated from practical experiments on Movielens user rating databases. In addition, an active face recognition function has been integrated with the recommender system to provide touchless and user-friendly user interface for a home TV program recommendation prototype. Experiments showed that the proposed method can achieve higher accuracy in recommending video programs for group users, in additional to user-friendly recommendation function." @default.
• W1000182773 abstract "Summary: From a society of estates to a society of citizens : Finnish public libraries become American" @default.
• W1000183629 abstract "O presente trabalho apresenta uma traducao anotada do livro V da obra Metamorfoses do poeta latino Publio Ovidio Naso, acompanhada de um estudo introdutorio que versa basicamente sobre esses aspectos selecionados para nossa analise: a coesao e coerencia das narrativas presentes no livro; o carater epico, bem como as implicacoes desse carater para a sua construcao poetica; o papel que desempenha o espaco, isto e, de que modo o cenario em que se desenrolam as historias influencia a construcao dessas narrativas; e a presenca constante da metadiegesis, entendida como a reflexao que faz o vate, e as personagens a quem ele cede a voz, sobre a propria arte do fazer poetico. Abstract" @default.
• W1000184288 abstract "On the lines of Sadat Hasan Manto's facetious letters to Uncle Sam written at the height of the cold war when Pakistan was being wooed by the US as an ally to fight communism, a letter to prime minister Vajpayee, This letter is a spirited assessment of the most recent standoff between India and Pakistan, peppered with rare insights that have always been Manto's hallmark." @default.
• W100018429 abstract "Oxytetracycline (OTC) was intraperitoneally injected into tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus to validate aging of this fish, to determine suitable marking dosages of OTC, to assess OTC induced mortality and to determine the rate of OTC incorporation into 4 bony structures including scales, opercula, otoliths and pelvic fin rays' sections. The OTC was used in 3 doses; 12.5, 25 and 50 mgjkg of fish body weight. A total of 1200 fish with an average body weightof 60 grams were used for the experiment (300 fish per OTC dose and another 300 fish were injected with sterile saline solution as a control group). The fish of the 4 groups werereleased in the water of 4 raceways at the World Fish Centre, Abbassa, Egypt and were kept for an entire year. The results revealed that 1 annulus was laid down after the OTC mark on all bony structures. OTC was incorporated into all examined bony structures. The clearest OTC marks with minimal mortality were induced by the 25 mg OTC dosage. No significant mortalities were noticed among the injected fish with OTC." @default.
• W1000184751 abstract "Simulation is a computer-based exploratory exercise that aids in understanding how the behavior of a random or even a deterministic process changes in response to changes in input or the environment. It is essentially the only option left when exact mathematical calculations are impossible, or require an amount of effort that the user is not willing to invest. Even when the mathematical calculations are quite doable, a preliminary simulation can be very helpful in guiding the researcher to theorems that were not a priori obvious or conjectured, and also to identify the more productive corners of a particular problem. Although simulation in itself is a machine-based exercise, credible simulation must be based on appropriate theory. A simulation algorithm must be theoretically justified before we use it. This chapter gives a fairly broad introduction to the classic theory and techniques of probabilistic simulation, and also to some of the modern advents in simulation, particularly Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods based on ergodic Markov chain theory." @default.
• W1000184874 abstract "Use this LibGuide to find government document resources available at the IU Kokomo Library. The basic collection of U.S. government publications as required by law from FDLP member libraries." @default.
• W1000185028 abstract "The adaptive (on-line) estimation of parameters for a class of nonlinear distributed parameter systems is considered. A combined state and parameter estimator is constructed as an initial value problem for an infinite dimensional evolution equation. State convergence is established via a Lyapunov-like estimate. The finite dimensional notion of persistence of excitation is extended to the infinite dimensional case and used to establish parameter convergence. A finite dimensional approximation theory is presented and a convergence result is proven. An example involving the identification of a nonlinear heat equation is discussed and results of a numerical study are presented." @default.
• W1000185321 abstract "ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN PADA PT. BATANGHARI TEBING PRATAMA - Analisis, Perancangan, Sistem Informasi Akuntansi, Persediaan, Visual Database." @default.
• W100018544 abstract "Effectiveness of externally bonded fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs) in order to repair/retrofit of deficient RC beam-column joints has been confirmed in recent years. Code-compliant structures could even benefit from FRP retrofitting if there is any significant change in the usage of the structure or more strict codes are imposed due to some inevitable circumstances. Towards this, an experimental investigation has been conducted on nine small scale (1/2.85) RC beam-column joint specimens; seven of them retrofitted using carbon FRP (CFRP) on top and bottom sides of the beam. The retrofitting design is aimed to increase the flexural strength of beam-column subassemblage. In addition, the efficiency of an almost novel technique in precluding the debonding brittle failure and facilitating the flexural moment transmission from beam to columns is investigated. Both monotonic and cyclic loading regimes are implemented to estimate, albeit approximately, the seismic responses of the test specimens. The experimental results in terms of load-displacement curves, ultimate strength, and ductility are compared before and after retrofitting. The outcomes indicate the capability of the suggested retrofitting scheme in not only enhancing the loading capacity, but also the relocation of the plastic hinges away from the column face if specified retrofitting details are implemented." @default.
• W1000185696 abstract "Numerous biologic phenomena are subject to rhythmic circadian changes. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) variations have also been described which appear to be related to the day-night rhythm. COOPER and HULME (5) observed an increase in frequency, amplitude, and duration of pathologic CSFP waves in 15 neurosurgical patients. These authors state that plateau waves are only seldom observed in awake patients. MUNARI and co-workers (10) noticed an increase in CSFP during REM sleep in ten hydrocephalic adults while DI ROCCO and co-workers (12) observed the same in five hydrocephalic children. CSFP alterations during sleep have also been recorded occasionally by other authors (4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13)." @default.
• W1000186440 abstract "This paper demonstrates the laser assisted formation of plano-convex cylindrical and flat-top curved micro-lens array on fused silica glass surface. Initially, femtosecond laser pulses are irradiated on the sample glass to fabricate periodic linear micro-gratings on the glass surface. Afterwards, we reshape the micro-gratings by several times irradiation of a CO2 laser beam by focusing the laser beam on top of the micro-gratings. As a consequence, plano-convex cylindrical micro-lens array with a period varying from 20 to 40 µm are formed on fused silica glass surface. However, flat-top curved gratings’ array is observed on the glass surface for a gratings’ period of 50 µm. The fabricated micro-lenses show great consistency in size and shape throughout the sample area. Furthermore, we analyze the formation mechanism of micro-lens array on glass surface using the CO2 laser assisted reshaping technique. The proposed reshaping technique exhibits great potential for forming a large variety of micro-lens arrays on the surface of various transparent materials." @default.
• W1000186554 abstract "Battlefield damage assessment is the key to Battlefield Damage Assessment and Repair (BDAR).We present an Intelligent Battlefield Damage Assessment System (IBDAS) based on multi-agent system technology. We first establish the system framework, and then study the interior structure and workflow of a problem allocation agent. The result shows that, there are many advantages to resolve the problem of battlefield damage assessment by applying multi-agent system technology, and it will bring significant military benefit." @default.
• W1000186583 abstract "Channa punctatus(Bloch),cultiveated under paddy-cum-fish culture programs,was exposed to non-lethal levels of 0.239 ppb of Metacid-50 and 3.73 ppm of Carbary for 7 days in the field.These insecticides effected significant inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity accompaniced by a concurrent increase in acetylcholine(ACh),In vitro inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase was also compared between unexposed and pesticide exposed fish.Data revealed that the time taken for 50% inhibition(t0.5)of the enzyme was less in the pesticide exposed fish as compared to that of the unexposed fish.This indicates a preformed effect of the test pesticides on fish brain AChE during the in vivo exposure while the in vitro effect is an addivive inhibition of the enzyme caused by the cirulating inhibitors reducing the t0.5.Acetylcholinesterase inhibition may thus be utilized to monitor pesticide pollution in agricultural fields." @default.
• W1000186624 abstract "The ability of the probabilistic safety assessment code MELCOR 1.8.2 to deal with station blackout accidents, characterized by prolonged in-vessel and primary system vapor natural circulation, is a..." @default.
• W10001869 abstract "A macroscopic and histologic study has been made on the changes during a 2-year period in a free composite graft of synovium subsynovial fat and periosteum taken from the medial femoral condyle and placed on the cartilage denuded patellar groove of the knee joint in skeletally mature sheep. The results have been compared to a control group which had the same surgical management except that the graft was discarded. The study demonstrated that following take and revascularization, the composite graft had converted to a single layer of vascular fibroblastic tissue by 6 weeks and over the ensuing year this had been largely replaced by fibrocartilage of variable differentiation. However, over the next year much of this fibrocartilage would appear to have undergone either redifferentiation into disorganized fibrochondroid tissue or developed secondary degenerative changes. By contrast, the control specimens had profound resorption of the bone plate followed by patchy resurfacing with tissue ranging from a very loose fibrous connective tissue to well differentiated fibrocartilage. The latter had gradually increased in amount of over the 2-year period, but secondary degenerative changes had also developed as in the grafted group. Despite some of the drawbacks, particularly the magnitude of the patello-femoral compression force, the technique has now been refined into a reliable animal model for the study of different parameters either in the graft or the graft environment in the hope that a way can be found to increase the life span of the metaplastic cartilage." @default.
• W1000187875 abstract "A cloud-resolving model simulation of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) producing torrential rainfall is performed with the finest horizontal resolution of 444 m. It is shown that the model reproduces the ob- served MCS, including its rainfall distribution and amounts, as well as the timing and location of leading rainbands and trailing stratiform clouds. Results show that discrete convective hot towers, shown in Vis5D at a scale of 2−5 km, are triggered by evaporatively driven cold outflows converging with the high-θe air ahead. Then, they move rearward, with respect to the leading rainbands, to form stratiform clouds. These convective towers gener- ate vortical tubes of opposite signs, with more intense cyclonic vorticity occurring in the leading convergence zone. The results appear to have important implications for the improvement of summertime quantitative precipi- tation forecasts and the understanding of vortical hot tow- ers, as well midlevel mesoscale convective vortices." @default.
• W1000188053 abstract "Since China is being faced with the pressure of energy shortage and environmental conservation, the power industry in China has to actively develop the renewable energy for electricity generation while raising the utilization efficiency of conventional energy. In view of such facts, China Guodian Corporation decided on a development strategy of giving priority to green power, such as wind power. Based on the national planning of wind power development, the corporation set out its own target of installing wind power capacity of 1500 MW by the end of 2010, and is adopting appropriate measures including promoting the localization of wind turbines and developing hydropower, thermal power and wind power simultaneously. Moreover, it put some relevant suggestions." @default.
• W100018932 abstract "Benchmarks emerged after a three year research study sponsored by the AAAS called Project 2061. This name is inspired by Halley’s Comet which was last seen in 1985 when work began on the project. It relates to the scientific and technological changes children entering school in 1985 might expect to see before the comet returns in 2061." @default.
• W1000189686 abstract "Phase locked loop(PLL) is a typical analog-digital mixed signal circuit and a method of conducting a top level system verification including PLL with standard digital simulator becomes especially significant.The behavioral level model(BLM) of the PLL in Verilog-HDL for pure digital simulator is innovated in this paper,and the design of PLL based clock and data recovery(CDR)circuit aided with jitter attenuation PLL for SerDes application is also presented.The CDR employs a dual-loop architecture where a frequency-locked loop acts as an acquisition aid to the phase-locked loop.To simultaneously meet jitter tolerance and jitter transfer specifications defined in G.8251 of optical transport network(ITU-T OTN),an additional jitter attenuation PLL is used.Simulation results show that the peak-to-peak jitter of the recovered clock and data is 5.17 ps and 2.3ps respectively.The core of the whole chip consumes 72 mA current from a 1.0V supply." @default.
• W1000189836 abstract "Here, we propose an alignment-free approach for clustering RNA sequences according to sequence and structure information. We extend a fast graph kernel technique that we have developed for chemoinformatics applications and we adapt it to detect similarities between RNA secondary structures.The key novelties are twofold: (1) we represent multiple folding hypothesis associated to a single RNA sequence in a flexible graph format; and (2) we efficiently convert the graph encoding into a very high dimensional sparse vectors. The first strategy allows us to compensate the inaccuracies of the minimum free energy solution. The second strategy allows us to use locality sensitive hashing methods to identify clusters with a complexity that is linear in the number of sequences N, i.e. avoiding the quadratic complexity arising from pairwise similarity computations.We have integrated the approach in a ready-to-use pipeline for large-scale clustering of putative ncRNA. The method has been evaluated on known ncRNA classes and compared against existing approaches such as LocARNA and RNASOUP. We show that not only we obtain clusters of high quality, but also we achieve striking speedups: from years to days for serial computation, down to hours when considering the parallel implementation.We applied our method to six heterogeneous large-scale data sets containing more than 220,000 sequence fragments in total. We have analyzed predicted short ncRNAs which were lacking reliable class assignments and we have searched for local structural elements specific to experimentally validated lincRNAs. In this latter case we found enriched GO-terms for lincRNAs containing predicted local motifs that suggest a connection to vital processes of the human nervous system." @default.
• W1000190075 abstract "There is a pattern for the arbitary sequence which can be divided into four groups to be formalized as a recursive formula which shows the conjecture is true." @default.
• W1000190220 abstract "Irritability is an aspect of the negative affectivity domain of temperament, but in severe and dysregulated forms is a symptom of a range of psychopathologies. Better understanding of the neural underpinnings of irritability, outside the context of specific disorders, can help to understand normative variation but also characterize its clinical salience in psychopathology diagnosis. This study assessed brain activation during reward and frustration, domains of behavioral deficits in childhood irritability. Children (age 6-9) presenting in mental health clinics for extreme and impairing irritability (n = 26) were compared to healthy children (n = 28). Using developmentally sensitive methods, neural activation was measured via a negative mood induction paradigm during fMRI scanning. The clinical group displayed more activation of the anterior cingulate and middle frontal gyrus during reward, but less activation during frustration, than healthy comparison children. The opposite pattern was found in the posterior cingulate. Further, in clinical subjects, parent report of irritability was dimensionally related to decreased activation of the anterior cingulate and striatum during frustration. The results of this study indicate neural dysfunction within brain regions related to reward processing, error monitoring, and emotion regulation underlying clinically impairing irritability. Results are discussed in the context of a growing field of neuroimaging research investigating irritable children." @default.
• W1000190237 abstract "Abstract Structure-based virtual screening (molecular docking) is now one of the most pragmatic techniques to leverage target structure for ligand discovery. Accurate binding pose prediction is critical to molecular docking. Here, we describe a general strategy to improve the accuracy of docking pose prediction by implementing the structural descriptor-based filtering and KGS-penalty function-based conformational clustering in an unbiased manner. We assessed our method against 150 high-quality protein–ligand complex structures. Surprisingly, such simple components are sufficient to improve the accuracy of docking pose prediction. The success rate of predicting near-native docking pose increased from 53% of the targets to 78%. We expect that our strategy may have general usage in improving currently available molecular docking programs." @default.
• W1000190552 abstract "Internet merupakan kumpulan jaringan komputer yang terkait satu dengan lainnya tanpa ada penguasa / pengatur utamanya. Jumlah pengguna Internet di seluruh dunia diperkirakan sekitar 1 milyar orang - merupakan potensi pasar yang luar biasa (benarkah demikian bagi usahawan Indonesia?). Besarnya potensi pasar yang ada sebetulnya dapat dengan mudah kita prediksi - bayangkan pada tahun 1997 diprediksi bahwa jumlah komputer (PC) yang akan terjual akan melebihi jumlah 100 juta buah. Jumlah ini melebihi jumlah pesawat TV yang terjual di tahun yang sama. Di samping itu, sebagian besar komputer yang terjual tersebut ternyata akan banyak dibeli oleh konsumen pribadi untuk digunakan di rumah. Artinya komputer (PC) merupakan perlengkapan biasa seperti TV atau radio - hal ini menjadi sangat strategis karena sebagian besar PC yang terjual nantinya akan dilengkapi perlengkapan Multimedia PC dengan kemampuan akses Internet. Bayangkan nantinya akan tercipta potensi pasar yang jauh lebih besar daripada TV dengan jumlah kemungkinan besar melebihi 100 juta pengguna di seluruh dunia. Sebelum memasuki materi tentang sisi praktis untuk melakukan usaha di Internet ada baiknya saya membahas sedikit tentang kondisi jaringan komputer / Internet di Indonesia secara garis besar." @default.
• W100019126 abstract "Abstract This paper reports on a methodological experiment, which was carried out in two large collaborative research projects targeted at innovative products. Video material was produced in order to visualize the project vision and solution ideas, and this video material was used in focus group discussions. The paper describes the process, the experiences gained and gives a number of hints which may be helpful for projects planning to use a similar approach." @default.
• W1000191526 abstract "Introduction : T2* measurement using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) becomes a standard method for evaluation of iron deposit in organs. Therefore, accuracy of the measurement is important. Factors affected to the accuracy of T2* values are signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and curve-fitting models. Objectives of the study : We proposed a phantom study to compare the accuracy and reproducibility of the T2* when curve-fitting models, different iron concentrations, and levels SNR were changed. Materials and methods : A gel phantom was built with 8 different Fe3+ concentrations. Axial view phantom images were acquired using a 1.5-T Achieva, Philips MRI scanner along with a head coil. Setting parameters were: acquisition matrix 184x183, reconstruction matrix 512 x 512, field-of-view 275 mm, and slice thickness 1.5 mm. The gradient multi-echo pulse sequence was applied with 32 echo times (TEs) 4.48 ms to 81.98 ms, inter-echo time 2.5 ms, TR 800 ms, and flip angle 18 degrees. All data were acquired with 5 different numbers of signal averages (NSAs) to generate 5 levels of SNRs. Total scan time at NSA1=2.29 s. Data of Fe3+ concentrations at all levels of SNRs were fitted with five curve-fitting models. The accuracy of T2*s in each fitting model was evaluated by Pearson’s correlation (r) between reference T2*s and the T2*s obtained from the 5 fitting models at all levels of SNRs. The linear regression between the R2*s (1/T2*), and Fe3+ concentrations were also analyzed, and were compared between that of the reference to those of the 5 fitting models at all levels of SNRs. All analysis was performed on a PC using MATLAB version 7.2.0.232 (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA), MS Excel, and GraphPad Prism4. Results : Results showed that at the range of T2* 3.13-44.04 ms, the baseline subtraction and offset models tend to offer high accuracy of T2*s and robust to the changes of SNR (r >0.9960 at all levels of SNRs). Simple mono-exponential model demonstrates no correlation at low SNR (r = -0.2869, and 0.1835). The accuracy of T2*s obtained from truncation models is proportional to the levels of SNRs (0.7113 0.9600) but it is not proportional to the levels of SNR. Conclusions : Results implied that baseline-subtraction and offset models provide the most accurate and robust T2*, simple mono-exponential and Truncation models may present less reliable T2* at low SNR image data, and the bi-exponential model offers reliable T2* but the values are sensitive to the changes of SNRs. Bull Chiang Mai Assoc Med Sci 2014; 47(1): 10-17" @default.
• W100019178 abstract "This study aimed to evaluate laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty compared with open surgery and to determine whether the morbidity and outcome rates are different in each of these techniques. We report our 10-year experience with open and laparoscopic pyeloplasty at one istitution.From February 1999 to October 2010, 49 patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction were assigned into two groups. 25 patients underwent open surgical pyeloplasty (period 1999-2010) and 24 underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty (period 2004-2010). 25 patients undergoing open pyeloplasty had a retroperitoneal flank approach. Of the 24 laparoscopic cases 18 had a transperitoneal retrocolic access, 1 had a transperitoneal transmesocolic access and 5 had a retroperitoneal access. In all 49 cases an Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty was used. We retrospectively compared the operative time, hospital stay, perioperative complications and follow-up of the two groups. Clinical symptoms were assessed before and after surgery, subjectively.Patients dermographic data were similar between the two groups with mean age of 42 years (range 6-78) and with a male/female ratio of 1:1.45. A crossing vessel could be identified in 37.5% (9/24) with laparoscopy vs. 32% (8/25) in open surgery. Compared with open procedures, laparoscopic procedures were associated with a longer mean operating time (274 vs 143 min), a shorter mean hospital stay (9.9 vs 15.8 day) and the perioperative complication rates were 16.7% for laparoscopic pyeloplasties and 20% for open pyeloplasties. The success rates were 90.5% for laparoscopy and 90.9% for open surgery. Average follow-up was 40.9 month for the laparoscopic group and 72.3 month for the open group. Failed procedures showed no improvement in loin pain or obstruction.The efficacy (in term of success rate and perioperative complications) of laparoscopic pyeloplasty is comparable to that of open pyeloplasty, with shorter mean hospital stay and better cosmetic results. These findings may suggest, that the laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty has the potential to replace open surgery and may be considered the first option for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in expert hands." @default.
• W100019187 abstract "Abstract : The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center and School (USADACS) was requested by the Naval Weapons Station Earle to conduct a road transportability test with a series of Navy Alpha mines. The purpose of the tests was to confirm if the Alpha mine drawings are adequate for CONUS highway shipments. Two separate distinct Navy truckload drawings depicting the procedures to be tested along with the inert items to be tested were received at USADACS prior to the scheduled test. The first test load consisted of MK 62, MK 63, and MK 64 Alpha mines on a commercial flatbed trailer. The second test load consisted of MK 56 and MK 55 Alpha mines on a commercial flatbed trailer. (jes)" @default.
• W1000191982 abstract "Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), Arabidopsis thaliana, and host papaya (Carica papaya L.) of PRSV were used as model plant materials to testing whether RNAi could mediate resistance to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). The agrobacterium was harbored with pHellsgate12-CP(subscript IR) containing structured inverted sequences of the CP gene of PRSV, where were transformed into the tobacco and Arabidopsis. We also conducted an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression experiment by infiltration in papaya. The three transgenic plants inoculated with PRSV were tested for resistance to PRSV. After PRSV challenge-inoculation for 3 to 7 days, leaves of the wild type plants displayed symptoms of necrosis, wrinkling and/or chlorosis, and the scale of the abnormal leaves in the transgenic plants was significantly lower than that of the wild type when the PRSV were inoculated in papaya and Arabidopsis separately. However, the difference in symptoms was not significant in transgenic tobacco and the control wild plant. We carried out a RT-PCR experiment on the three kinds of plants. The expression of CP mRNA was detected in the wild type plants infected with PRSV, but not in the transgenic plants. These results suggest that the transgenic plants may induce the RNAi process to resist PRSV." @default.
• W10001922 abstract "The aggregation query is an important but costly operation in database management systems. While the aggregation in relational databases has been well studied, recently there has been a growing interest in improving the performance of computing aggregates over complex objects. Each of such objects may have a time interval, a spatial location/region, or both, as appears in temporal, spatial, and spatio-temporal databases. An aggregation query over these objects typically involves some selection condition on their time and/or spatial attributes, e.g. to aggregate over temporal records whose time intervals intersect a given time interval. A straightforward approach is to, with the aid of some index structures, locate the objects that satisfy the selection condition and aggregate their values on the fly. Such indices are general in the sense that they can be utilized not only to compute aggregates, but also to perform selection queries. However, the aggregation query performance is proportional to the number of objects satisfying the selection condition. In the worst case, to compute an aggregate, all objects in a database needs to be examined. Nevertheless, in many applications (on-line analysis, etc.), we need to compute the aggregates very fast, and to scan through all the existing objects might be too time-consuming. In this thesis, we focus on devising specialized indices for aggregation over complex objects. Our research shows that our newly designed structures have much better query performance than the existing general-index-based solutions, sometimes over a hundred times faster. In this thesis, we report our findings." @default.
• W100019221 abstract "The economy of China is booming with annual growth of 8-12 percent over the last decade. However, development and growth is mostly concentrated in the Eastern part of China, and mainly in urban areas. The rural areas, and particularly those in the Western parts of China, are lagging in terms of economic development. The income ratio between rural and urban areas is approximately 1 to 3, and is still increasing (Feng, 2006). This is not to say that rural China has not yet experienced any changes. Already major achievements have been obtained: productivity has grown rapidly, exports are rising, and rural income has risen dramatically. Still, one of the major challenges for Chinese society in general is to make the rural economy an integral part of modernization." @default.
• W100019236 abstract "Two cases of thrombosis of the dorsal vein of the penis are reported and the clinical features and course of this benign lesion outlined. Diagnosis follows observation of edema of the foreskin with an indurated cord-like dorsal vein on palpation. Recovery usually occurs spontaneously or after anti-inflammatory treatment." @default.
• W1000192467 abstract "Erythema migrans at the site of a tick bite is the most common sign of Lyme disease. Antibody testing is generally not helpful in patients with this condition. Treatment with doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime is effective for early Lyme disease." @default.
• W100019269 abstract "ABSTRACT Data presented in “The Trace Chemistries of Fire a Source Of and Routes For The Entry of Chlorinated Dioxins Into The Environment” (Crummett and co-workers, 1978) has been used by the author (Townsend, 1980) to create a theory explaining the behavior of dioxins during incineration and subsequent transport into the environment. Data gathered since those studies continues to support the oxidation-reduction chemistry postulated therein. The key concepts of the red-ox theory are reviewed, expanded, and tied together with formation and photodegradation studies to provide an early stage, wide range overview of the behavior of dioxins in the environment." @default.
• W1000192731 abstract "Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek penyembuhan luka bakar gel ekstrak etanol 70% daun sirih (Piper betle) hasil maserasi terhadap penyembuhan luka bakar pada kulit punggung kelinci. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental semu dengan rancangan sama subyek. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi dan menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Pembuatan gel dengan 4 formulasi yaitu gel ekstrak etanol daun sirih basis karbopol, gel ekstrak etanol daun sirih basis poloxamer, basis karbopol tanpa ekstrak dan basis poloxamer tanpa ekstrak. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 ekor kelinci yang dicukur punggungnya dan masing-masing dibuat 6 area luka. Tiap area dianestesi lokal dengan etil klorida spray dan diinduksi dengan alat penginduksi panas (logam berdiameter 2 cm dengan elemen pemanas 40 Watt, 220 Volt, 80°C) selama 5 detik, dengan jarak masing-masing antar luka bakar kurang lebih 5 cm. Luka bakar yang terbentuk diolesi gel 0,3 gram sekali sehari, luka ditutup dengan kain kasa steril dan plester. Pemberian gel dilakukan sampai sembuh yang ditunjukkan diameter luka sama dengan nol atau persentase kesembuhannya sampai 100%. Data penyembuhan luka bakar sampai 100% dianalisis dengan ANAVA 1 jalan dan uji LSD. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa gel ekstrak etanol daun sirih basis karbopol dan poloxamer mempunyai perbedaan yang bermakna dalam penyembuhan luka bakar. efek penyembuhan gel ekstrak etanol daun sirih pada kulit punggung kelinci yang dibuat luka bakar menunjukkan bawa basis karbomer memberikan efek penyembuhan yang lebih cepat dibanding basis poloxamer yaitu selama 17,67 hari.Kata kunci: luka bakar, daun sirih (Piper betle), poloxamer 407, carbopol 934." @default.
• W100019287 abstract "A series of four experiments is described in which two men and two women (age range 22-79 years) were allowed to 'free-run' under conditions of isolation from all time cues. The circadian rhythms of performance efficiency were studied for three tasks: serial search, verbal reasoning, and manual dexterity (left and right hand versions). Strong evidence was obtained to suggest that different tasks are under the control of different circadian oscillators. The circadian rhythm in verbal reasoning performance tends to run at a shorter circadian period than that in more simple repetitive tasks, and slight differences in circadian behavior can occur between left- and right-handed dexterity." @default.
• W100019369 abstract "Knowledge of the provenance of crustal volatiles and the processes by which they are released is extremely important for the dynamics of magmatic systems. Presented here are the results of multiple investigations, which aim to understand magmatic volatile contamination from contrasting but complementary perspectives. The main methodologies used include He and C isotope values and CO2/3He ratios of volcanic gases and fluids; simulation of magma-carbonate interaction using high-pressure high-temperature experimental petrology; X-ray microtomography of vesiculated xenoliths and computer modeling. Findings show that the contribution from upper crustal volatiles can be substantial, and is dependant on the upper crustal lithology on which a volcano lies, as well as the composition of the magma supplied. Carbonate dissolution in particular is strongly controlled by the viscosity of the host magma. The details of the breakdown of vesiculated xenoliths is complex but has wide reaching implications, ranging from the dissemination of crustally derived materials through a magma body to highlighting that crustal volatiles are largely unaccounted for in both individual volcano and global volatile budgets. In synthesizing the conclusions from each of the individual perspectives presented, I propose the contribution of volatiles from crustal sources to play a significant role in many geological systems. This volatile component should be taken into consideration in future research efforts." @default.
• W100019386 abstract "The great abundance of rice husk ash (RHA) as low-cost agricultural waste in Thailand makes it the most suitable material for cement-based applications. However, the use of RHA as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) is not yet widespread in Thailand due to the poor pozzolanic activity of most agricultural RHA. Most RHA is incinerated at too high temperatures (usually in excess of 1000°C) or under uncontrolled conditions as biomass fuel. This reduces the amount of amorphous SiO 2 and hence worsens the pozzolanic activity of the resulting RHA. To enhance the use of RHA as an SCM in Thailand, a proper method to evaluate its pozzolanic activity is necessary. In this work, the two most simple electrical methods proposed in the literature to evaluate the pozzolanic activity of different pozzolans (not necessarily RHA) will be applied to RHA. Their applicability is discussed in comparison with the strength activity index method, and other physical properties believed to influence the pozzolanic activity of RHA." @default.
• W100019389 abstract "The amount of the subsidy captured by the foreign importer does not measure the welfare consequences to the United States, however, because the price of and profit on the goods produced by the industries supported by the Bank may be affected. This chapter discusses these effects and provides a range of measures of the welfare impact of the Eximbank's direct credit program for fiscal years 1979, 1980, and 1981. The measures are limited in that they are based on partial equilibrium analysis and do not take into account the effect of the concessionary financing on prices in other sectors, either because of the domestic resource allocation effects or to exchange rate adjustments. The welfare analysis presented thus provides only order-of-magnitude estimates of the direct or first-order effects of Eximbank financing. The focus of the analysis is thus on the net cost of the U. S. response to foreign concessionary export financing. The above analysis indicates that the net cost of the Eximbank's direct credit program for fiscal years 1979, 1980, and 1981 is the subsidy of approximately $3.1 billion, less the increase in profits earned by U. S. exporters. Unless export industries are perfectly competitive, domestic consumers may pay higher or lower prices for the products of the industries supported by concessionary export financing which would increase or decrease the net cost. Although reliable estimates of the welfare effects are impossible to develop, given the available data, the information needed to make the estimates is clear." @default.
• W1000194139 abstract "Quantification of endogenous thromboxane A2 (TxA2) production in man may provide a reliable index of platelet activation in vivo and have considerable relevance to understanding the role of platelets in these conditions. The quantification of urinary dinor-TxB2 discussed in this chapter is based on stable isotope dilution and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis with selected ion monitoring. This method offers the usual advantages of such metabolite assays, including avoidance of artifactual elevations in parent compound levels upon sampling, measurement of a compound that is concentrated in the blood or urine, and high specificity. On the other hand, the method requires (a) preparation of a suitable low blank internal standard; and (b) extensive sample purification to ensure accurate GC-MS analysis, particularly when relatively low endogenous levels of dinor-TxB2 are being quantified in patients taking inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase enzyme." @default.
• W1000194159 abstract "Frailty is a condition of vulnerability that carries an increased risk of poor outcome in elder adults. Frail individuals show fatigue, weight loss, muscle weakness, and a reduced physical function, and are known to frequently experience disability, social isolation, and institutionalization. Identifying frail people is a critical step for geriatricians to provide timely geriatric care and, eventually, to improve the quality of life in elderly. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between frailty status and micronucleus (MN) frequency, a known marker of genomic instability, in a sample of elder adults. Several clinical features were evaluated and their possible association with MN frequency was tested. Criteria proposed by Fried were used to identify frail subjects. Overall, 180 elder adults entered the study, 93 of them (51.7%) frail. No association between MN frequency and frailty status was found under the specific conditions tested in this study (mean ratio=1.06; 95% CI 0.96-1.18). The inclusion of MN frequency in the Fried's frailty scale minimally improved the classification of study subjects according to the multidimensional prognostic index (MPI). The presence of genomic instability in the ageing process and in most chronic diseases, demands further investigation on this issue." @default.
• W100019439 abstract "The hostility towards technology and particularly the attitude of rejection towards genetic engineering are frequently repeated arguments in discussions about scientific and economic development in Germany. The validity of these arguments, however, is only rarely tested. Extensive studies from recent years have shown that German hostility towards technology is out of the question. Public opinion is even increasingly positive about genetic engineering. Above all certain fields of application such as medicine and pharmacy are met with approval. Scientific and technological reports still bear considerable deficiencies. Many of these deficiencies are of a structural nature. Reports on technology in general and on genetic engineering in particular are, however, on an average balanced and show as well as the public opinion a distinctive valuation with a mainly positive tendency. Better reporting will only be possible, if scientists and journalists cooperate intensively." @default.
• W1000194646 abstract "In the next decades the city of Lugano will develop in a territory which will coincide with the catchment basin of the Cassarate river. This river course will be considered as the load-bearing axis of the “new city”and has the potential to become a new green and recreational axis running through the metropolitan area connecting neighborhoods. To meet these goals a large multi-purpose project on Cassarate river is ongoing. Indeed, according to Cassarate hazard zone map, some metropolitan areas still do not meet flood protection requirements. Moreover the areas surrounding Cassarate river are ecologically degraded and are only accessible to a limited extent for recreational use. The Cassarate restoration project will thus combine hydraulic measures with ecological and recreational restoration measures. Restored areas, surrounding Cassarate river, will thus allow several recreational and public activities. They have the potential to become high quality public spaces for local people as well as for visitors and tourists. They will also provide natural areas within the city and promote ecological interconnections for fishes and other organisms along the river course" @default.
• W1000194764 abstract "Machinability data selection is complex and cannot be easily formulated by any mathematical model to meet design specification. Fuzzy logic is a good approach to solvesuch problems. Fuzzy rules optimization is always a problems for a complex fuzzy rules from more than 10 thousand combinations. (Wong et aL 1997) developed fuzzy models for machinability data selection. There are more than 2 x 1029 possible sets of rules for each model. Situation would be more complicated if further increase the number of inputs and/or outputs. The fuzzy rules were selected by trial and error and intuition inreference (Wong et aL 1997). Genetic optimization is suggested in this paper to furtheroptimizing the fuzzy rules optimization with genetic algorithms has been developed.Weighted centroid method is used for output defuzzi fication to save processing time.Comparisons between the results of the new models and the previously publishedliteratures are made." @default.
• W100019488 abstract "A study on kampung chickens was undertaken to investigate the influence of scheduling of feeds by reducing protein levels during the various phases of growth of the birds until market age, on carcass characteristic and meat quality. A total of 62 3-week-old female kampung chickens were reared in two-tier wire floor cages with two chicks per cage for eight weeks. The chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups (single-phase, 2-phase, 3-phase and 4-phase) and fed with step-down dietary protein levels (19, 17, 15 and 13%) accordingly. At the end of the study period, ten birds per treatment were randomly sampled for analysis. Carcass yield and component parts (breast, thigh, drumstick, wing, abdominal fat, back and neck) of the birds were determined as percentages of live weights. Meat chemical composition from breast muscles was determined for dry matter, crude protein and crude fat content. No significant differences were found in the percentages of carcass yield, component parts, dry matter, crude protein and crude fat contents between the four phases. It is concluded that phase feeding did not adversely affect carcass yield and meat chemical composition. This feeding strategy could therefore be an economical practice for rearing kampung chickens without sacrificing carcass yield and meat quality." @default.
• W100019493 abstract "Atriopeptins are a recently-discovered group of polypeptides secreted from cardiac myocytes in response to fluid overload. The present studies demonstrate that atriopeptin receptors, coupled to the activation of guanylate cyclase, are present in rabbit ciliary process. Rat atrial natriuretic peptide 1-28 (rANP) activated ciliary process guanylate cyclase activity with a Vmax of from 24-337% and with a Ka of from 0.4-4 nM, similar to that for atriopeptin receptors present in rabbit kidney. Activation was greater for the intact peptide than for rANP fragments 1-11 or 13-28, and stimulated activity was greater in isolated ciliary processes than in ciliary muscle or iris. Intravitreal injection of the complete peptide into living rabbits caused a marked decrease in IOP in the ipsilateral eye which persisted for more than 48 hr and occurred without evidence of an inflammatory response. There was a smaller decrease in IOP in the contralateral eye. Following intravitreal injection of rANP 1-28, atriopeptin levels in aqueous humor remained elevated for at least 44 hr. Injection of the biochemically less active rANP fragments 1-11 and 13-28 caused no decrease in IOP. These physiological data, together with the biochemical identification of atriopeptin receptors and second messenger systems in the ciliary process, suggest that certain tissues of the anterior segment may be atriopeptin end-organs and that agents acting at atriopeptin receptors may be able to regulate IOP." @default.
• W1000195172 abstract "Equine-murine xenohybridoma cells were produced using SP2/0 murine myeloma cells and splenic lymph node cells obtained from horses infected with 10(6) TCID50 of single cloned variants of equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV). The xenohybridomas secreted equine IgG monoclonal antibodies reactive with EIAV in enzyme immunoassays employing purified virus. Seven antibodies were studied in detail. They bound to viral glycoproteins (gp90 or gp45) in radioimmunoprecipitation assays, and reacted with homologous EIAV as well as five other cloned variants of EIAV. When evaluated against a single cloned variant of EIAV (EIAV-WSU5), two antibodies bound to different epitopes on gp90. The five remaining antibodies reacted with the same or overlapping epitopes on gp45. None of the antibodies exhibited viral neutralizing activity." @default.
• W1000195832 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the intracerebroventricular morphinotherapy for the control of chronic cancer pain. The use of morphinotherapy by intracerebroventricular (ICVM) administration in the treatment of chronic intractable pain of cancerous origin has drawn a wide clinical interest because it is very effective, relatively non-invasive, and the drug effect is completely reversible. It takes part in the evolution of modern neurosurgical techniques based on activation of the neurophysiological control mechanisms. Used in patients who have become tolerant to large doses of parenterally administered morphine, ICVM brings about fast and complete analgesia with very small doses. Although the site of administration is central, the side effects—notably central depression—are very moderate, mainly observed in the initial period and rapidly reversible. There is, however, always a potential risk, and close surveillance is necessary. This method of intraventricular administration is complementary to lumbar intrathecal administration. ICVM is particularly indicated for chronic neoplasic pain of cervicocephalic, thoracic or diffuse origin arising from widespread bone metastases." @default.
• W1000196031 abstract "The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of enriched environment on spatial memory acquisition in mice of three different age groups. Weanling, young, and young adult female Swiss mice were housed in a standard control or enriched environment for 50 days, and their spatial memory was tested with the Morris Water Maze. We did not observe an experimental effect for spatial memory acquisition, and there was neither an effect of time of analysis nor an interaction between experimental group and time of analysis. Regarding effects of experimental group and training day in relation to latency in finding the hidden platform, we did find an effect in the experimental young adult mice group (p = 0.027), but there was no interaction between these factors in all three groups. Based on these findings environmental enrichment did not enhance spatial memory acquisition in female Swiss mice in the tested age groups." @default.
• W1000196449 abstract "The purpose of this study was to compare metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses for submaximal and maximal exercise performed several days preceding (pre-test) and 45 min after (post-test) 21 miles of high intensity (70% VO2 max) treadmill running. Seven aerobically trained subjects' oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, pulmonary ventilation, ventilatory equivalent of oxygen, and blood lactate concentration were determined for exercise during the pre- and post-test sessions. No differences were found for submaximal oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, pulmonary ventilation and ventilatory equivalent of oxygen between the pre- and post-test values. Generally, submaximal heart rate responses were higher, and respiratory exchange ratio values were lower during the post-test. Reductions of maximal work time (12%), maximal oxygen uptake (6%) and maximal blood lactate concentration (47%) were found during the post-test. Thermal stress and glycogen depletion are possible mechanisms which may be responsible for these observed differences." @default.
• W1000196506 abstract "When errors are inevitable during data classification, finding a particular part of the classification model which may be more susceptible to error than others, when compared to finding an Achilles’ heel of the model in a casual way, may help uncover specific error-sensitive value patterns and lead to additional error reduction measures. As an initial phase of the investigation, this study narrows the scope of problem by focusing on decision trees as a pilot model, develops a simple and effective tagging method to digitize individual nodes of a binary decision tree for node-level analysis, to link and track classification statistics for each node in a transparent way, to facilitate the identification and examination of the potentially “weakest” nodes and error-sensitive value patterns in decision trees, to assist cause analysis and enhancement development. This digitization method is not an attempt to re-develop or transform the existing decision tree model, but rather, a pragmatic node ID formulation that crafts numeric values to reflect the tree structure and decision making paths, to expand post-classification analysis to detailed node-level. Initial experiments have shown successful results in locating potentially high-risk attribute and value patterns; this is an encouraging sign to believe this study worth further exploration." @default.
• W1000196571 abstract "A three-stage method for isolation of α1 macroglobulin and α2 macroglobulin from the serum of normal and injured rats is described. The methods successively used, namely gel filtration, ultracentrifugation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, were chosen to minimize loss of tryptic esterase-protecting activity. The two proteins differed slightly with respect to the following properties: mol.wt., α1 macroglobulin 7.46 × 10(5), α2 macroglobulin 7.16 × 10(5); isoelectric focusing, α1, macroglobulin pI 4.4, α2 macroglobulin pI4.5. Amino acid analyses were identical, except with respect to tyrosine: α1 macroglobulin 3.96 ± 0.24, α2 macroglobulin 3.16 ± 0.32 mol/100 mol of total amino acids. When isolated from the serum of uninjured rats, α1 macroglobulin retained the capacity to bind 1.05 mol of trypsin/mol. However, if isolated from serum 2 days after injury only 0.78 mol of trypsin/mol of α1 macroglobulin was bound. α2 macroglobulin isolated from this latter serum bound on average 0.97 mol of trypsin/mol. When reduced with N-acetylcysteine, both molecules formed subunits of size corresponding to that expected for quarter molecules. When α2 macroglobulin was reduced with dithiothreitol, quarter molecules were again produced. α1 macroglobulin, however, when thus treated gave a more complex mixture, containing a component having a mol.wt. of less than 6 × 10(4). Antisera raised against the two proteins permitted estimation of the concentration of each protein in the plasmas or sera of normal and injured rats. Plasma from normal male rats contained 3.76 ± 0.56 mg of α1 macroglobulin/ml (n = 33) and 0.016 ± 0.001 mg of α2 macroglobulin/ml (n=33). After injury by injection of turpentine and cortisone, the concentrations in plasma were at 3 days 5.19 ± 0.81 mg of α1 macroglobulin/ml (n = 12) and at 2 days 1.38 ± 0.35 mg of α2 macroglobulin/ml (n = 12). Antisera to the two proteins did not cross-react with one another. The quarter molecules formed by reduction of both proteins showed increased antigenicity." @default.
• W100019693 abstract "Twenty cases of carcinoma of the cervix uteri stage III and IV and ten cases of carcinoma of the rectosigmoid colon stage III were investigated by fractionated cystography to detect any infiltration of the destensible part of the urinary bladder wall. Cystography was normal in all cases except one. The finding was confirmed operatively in each of the ten cases of rectosigmoid carcinoma. This method might be a useful technic for the preoperative assessment of advanced cases of cancer in organs adjacent to the urinary bladder." @default.
• W1000196960 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the chemical modification of proteins with synthetic macromolecules— polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives. The purposes of these modifications include alteration of immunoreactivity, immunogenicity, and suppression of immunoglobulin E production, or making enzymes soluble and active in organic solvents. Proteins can be modified with an activated PEG derivative. The methods of activation of polyethylene glycol were illustrated by Harris. The modifier is usually synthesized from monomethoxyPEG that has a hydroxy group at one end of the molecule amenable to manipulation. The chapter describes the syntheses of the modifiers. Most of the modifiers have a chain-shaped form, such as 2,4-bis( O -methoxyPEG)-6-chloro-s-triazine, abbreviated as “activated PEG 2 .” The chapter describes a new type of modifier with a comb-shaped form, which is a copolymer of maleic anhydride and a monomethoxyPEG derivative, abbreviated as “activated PM.” Each modifier reacts mainly with the ɛ-amino group of lysine residues and/or the N-terminal amino group." @default.
• W100019787 abstract "When the water walls in high-pressure boilers at heat and power plant become damaged the performance of the plant is affected. This may disrupt power and heat supply to the consumer. Suggestions are given to help minimize the adverse effects that damaged water walls have on the operation of boilers." @default.
• W100019828 abstract "Open source offers an interesting alternative to government control or private bargaining over rights to a commons. Open source production, however, will not occur on any significant scale absent certain conditions. Certain types of software have been developed effectively through open source methods because the projects were divisible and granular and the roots of the necessary social structure existed in early hacker communities and copyright license models were adaptable to support open source norms. Biotechnology, however, is different. The commons rhetoric often applied to open source software and the Internet fails to withstand scrutiny when applied to biologically based technologies. Information can no longer be defined as an independent entity that can be possessed equally by infinite users. Instead, information is context-dependent. This is particularly true of biologically-encoded information, which affects direct change in an organism. Under a context-dependent definition, there are economic, social, and biological aspects of rivalry connected to an resource. A truly open commons therefore is an unobtainable myth. Because is in some sense rivalrous, there must be some method of allocation. Collective management by way of open source development is appealing, but biotechnology lacks the sort of community that would make it feasible. In particular, the classical and neo-classical story of science as a homogenous, cooperative enterprise that is being corrupted by private property rights does not correspond to reality. Science, and in particular biotechnology, was and will be rife with competition and gamesmanship. Given these circumstances, a Coasian approach suggests that private property rights should lead to bargaining that will, over time, efficiently allocate the resources. Many of the transaction costs that have been identified as barriers to such bargaining should not pose insurmountable problems, particularly as players repeatedly interact over the same or similar resources. The most difficult aspect of transaction costs is that of the search costs entailed in defining and clearing multiple rights held by diverse parties under differing intellectual property regimes. If search costs are a primary barrier to bargaining, the primary aim of biotechnology innovation policy should be to reduce those costs. One way this could be accomplished is to establish a national technology database containing about proprietary claims, license terms, and license prices. Although this solution would not be perfect, it represents a means of reducing barriers to biotechnology innovation consistent with existing norms." @default.
• W1000200014 abstract "Global sea level behavior is addressed in terms of changes since the last ice age and evaluated in the context of IPCC projections. The NOAA satellite sea level data of the past 20 years is put into perspective with the past 100-year historical data. The seas have been rising for a 100 years. There is no increasing rate of sea level rise with time now, only an offset of data set rates. The current/projected GTA change is compare to the 7.6°C GTA change that led to the 112+ meter sea-level rise since the last ice age." @default.
• W1000200737 abstract " offence was committed. Offences connected with Scheduled offences arc also triable by the Special Court. Committal proceedings in Magistrates courts are dispensed with. The Special Court acts on complaints or police reports straightaway. Offences punishable with a term not exceeding three years can be tried in a summary way. All proceedings are mandatorily to be held in camera. The Court is not given any discretion in this regard. Only if the Public Prosecutor so applies can proceedings be held in open Court." @default.
• W100020107 abstract "Background: Obesity is a modern day scourge which plays havoc on the menstrual life of women in the reproductive age group. Disorders of menstrual cycle affect the women psychologically as well as physically. To estimate the obesity of an individual a cost effective method is to calculate the BMI (Body Mass Index). This is a reliable tool in early detection of Obesity and its associated disorders. In women of the reproductive age group an increased Body Mass Index results in alteration of hormonal levels resulting in altered menstrual cycles. In women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, the hormonal levels are so altered that many cycles are anovulatory. Estimation of Body Mass Index and comparing them with the hormonal levels will provide a fair idea in understanding the disease process. Materials and Methods: The test subjects were 79 apparently healthy women volunteers. They were divided into two groups based on menstrual history. Nineteen subjects were in control group and sixty were in the test group. BMI was calculated for both the groups. Blood levels of FSH, LH and Fasting Blood Glucose was estimated after obtaining consent and withdrawal of blood was done under aseptic precautions. The resultant measurements were subjected to statistical analysis, Results: The mean BMI of the test group was 25.48 Kg/m2and the mean BMI of the control group was 23.07Kg/m2. The Mean FSH levels in test group 7.88 mIU/ml and in the control group it was 8.95mIU/ml. The mean Prolactin levels in the test group were 16.635 ng/ml and in the control group it was 10.35 ng/ml. The mean LH levels in the test group were 6.53mIU/ml and in the control group it was 3.76mIU/ml. The mean fasting blood glucose levels in the test group was 94 mg/dl and in the control group it was 84 mg/dl.Conclusion: It is evident from the present study that the mean hormonal levels of LH and Prolactin and the fasting blood glucose levels are significantly higher in persons with polycystic ovarian syndrome and the FSH levels are lower in persons with polycystic ovarian syndrome which indicates that there could be always increased number of anovulatory cycles in such individuals." @default.
• W1000201877 abstract "This volume provides an overview of molecular biology tools for pathogen detection and characterization. Focusing on biobanking, biosafety, good laboratory practices, biological specimen collection an" @default.
• W1000202050 abstract "Stents reduce the acute risk of a coronary intervention and reduce the risk of restenosis afterwards. Today, stent placement is the most frequently performed coronary revascularization treatment. CT represents a possible noninvasive method for the detection of in-stent restenosis, but in the presence of stents imaging, it is impeded by artifacts. Therefore, coronary CT angiography for the evaluation of stents is a controversial topic. Knowledge of the clinical background of the patient, stent type, location of the stent, scanner technology, scan protocols, and image reconstruction methods are crucial to define an indication for the exam and to correctly interpret scan results." @default.
• W1000202192 abstract "Computers are used to support collaboration among members of a business team. The specific application is the augmentation of meetings. The motivation, approach, and empirical results are presented." @default.
• W100020393 abstract "Enumerative mathematics (also commonly called combinatorics) is concerned with arrangements of a given set of objects according to precise rules. The aim is to count the number of possible arrangements by recognizing and exploiting the patterns that make them up. Sometimes the result is an explicit formula for the count; sometimes different patterns of the same arrangement will result in different expressions which are thus equal. As we shall see, many different branches of mathematics provide strikingly different ways in which we can count. This book explores some of these." @default.
• W1000204109 abstract "Conventional, minimum and zero tillage treatments were cropped with maize (summer) and oats (winter) for 10 years. In latter years, nematodes were monitored and only Pratylenchus was found invading roots. No reproduction or necrosis occurred in maize roots but oat roots contained an average of 380 Pratylenchus ind. g -1 , with significantly fewer under conventional tillage. Over 6 samplings the conventional tillage plots contained significantly less Pratylenchus ind. m -2 than zero tillage (142,000 v. 239,000). Over 5 dates populations of Cephalenchus, Ditylenchus, Plectus Panagrolaimus and total nematodes differed significantly between tillage treatments" @default.
• W1000204201 abstract "Strobilanthes flaccidifolious is a shrub and its leaf is the source of blue color natural dye used for dying fibers and play important role in handloom industry. During the present investigation, an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol is developed from foliar segments of in vitro sourced plant materials. The first sign of response from the cultured foliar segments was recorded as swelling and curling of leaf segments within 7 days of culture followed by callusing and shoot buds formation within 3-4 wk. Amongst the different plant growth regulators tested, optimum response was recorded on MS medium enriched with 3% sucrose, 6 µM BA while other growth regulators and their concentrations did not support satisfactory morphogenetic response. Under optimum condition ~75% explants responded positively where as many as 9 shoots buds developed per leaf segment. The shoot buds converted into plantlets/micro shoots on MS medium when supplemented with 3 µM Kn where as many as 7.3 shoot buds developed per subculture of 3-4 wk duration. The micro shoots induced roots on MS medium enriched with 3 µM NAA where as many as 14 roots developed per plant within 4 wk times. The well rooted plantlets were transferred in potting mix and maintained in the poly-shed (50% light) for two months before transferring to the field.     Â" @default.
• W100020456 abstract "The buming plasma regime will exhibit a number of complex phenomena that must be studied and understood if magnetic fusion is to be successful. The FIRE design study of a burning plasma experiment has the goal of developing a concept for an experimental facility to explore and understand the strong non-linear coupling among confinement, self-heating, MHD stability, edge physics and wave-particle interactions that is fundamental to fusion plasma behavior. This will require plasmas dominated by alpha heating (Q = lO) that are sustained for duration longer than characteristic plasma time scales. The FIRE pre-conceptual design activities, carried out by an U. S. national team, have been undertaken with the objectil'e of finding the minimum size (cost) device to achieve the essential burning plasma science goals while building on the physics understanding of today. FIRE is envisioned as an extension of the existing program leading to an attractive magnetic fusion reactor (e.g., ARIES-RS). FIRE activities have focused on the physics and engineering assessment of a compact, high-field with the capability of achieving Q = l0 in the Elmy H-mode for a duration of - 1.5 plasma current redistribution times (skin times) during an initial burning plasma science phase, and the flexibility to add hardware (e.g., lower hybrid current drive and feedback stabilization) later. The configuration chosen for FIRE is similar to that of ARIES-RS, namely a highly shaped plasma 16- = 0.7, K* = 2), with double-null divertor and aspect ratio = 4. The key advanced tokamak features are: strong plasma shaping, double null poloidal divertors, low toroidal field ripple (<0.3Vo), intemal control coils and space for wall stabilization capabilities. Only metallic plasma facing components (tungsten divertor ta.rgets and Be coated first wall tiles) are used to reduce the in-vessel tritium inventory. The reference design point is Ro - 2.14 m, a = 0.595 m, B,(Ro) - l0 T, Io=7.7 MA with a flat top time of 20 s for 150 MW of fusion power." @default.
• W1000204630 abstract "The relationship between theater performance and ritual has been widely discussed in the field of performance studies. This thesis details the method by which I created a modern dance ritual based on traditional West African dance during the Winter Quarter of 2015. In it, I examine existing notions of performance as ritual, investigate the means by which a collaborative choreographic process creates ritual space, and propose a new definition of ritual that encompasses all theater performance." @default.
• W1000204964 abstract "Rhizome rot was less in solarized rhizomes as compared to non-solarized ones. Disease was less where the rhizomes were treated with bioagents in combination i.e. , T. harzianum, bacterial consortium (for growth, nematode and Pythium suppression). However, individual bioagent treatments were also effective in reducing the rhizome rot both in solarized rhizomes and non solarized rhizomes in case of T. harzianum and bacterial consortium. Disease incidence was least with chemical check with mancozeb @ 0.25 per cent both in solarized and non-solarized rhizomes. Unprotected rhizomes both in solarized and non solarized recorded maximum disease. Germination of rhizomes were maximum both in solarized and non-solarized rhizomes where the rhizomes were treated with mancozeb (@ 0.25%). Rhizomes of both solarized and nonsolarized treated with bioagents either Trichoderma harzianum alone or bacterial consortium or their combination showed better germination. solarized rhizomes showed more tiller than non-solarized ones. Rhizomes of both solarized and non-solarized treated individually with Mancozeb (0.25% ) along with bed treatment recorded highest fresh and projected yield. T. harzianum and bacterial consortium along with bed treatment both in solarized and nonsolarized rhizomes produced more fresh and projected yield than individual bioagent treatments. Performance of T. harzianum was superior over bacterial consortium in recording fresh and projected yield. Solarized rhizomes yields were more as compared to non-solarized rhizomes. Unprotected rhizomes (check) yields were least both in solarized rhizomes and non-solarized rhizomes." @default.
• W1000205452 abstract "Naproxen is a medium potency, synthetic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indicated for the relief of inflammation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug`s oral administration contraindicated in patients with peptic ulcer disease, gastro esophageal reflux (GERD), irritable bowel syndrome, or other gastrointestinal disorders. Controlled release of the drug to the skin could reduce the above mentioned side effects related to oral administered drug formulation while reducing percutaneous absorption. Therefore, the aim of present study was to produce naproxen entrapped micro porous micro particles (micro sponges) to control the release of the drug to the skin. Naproxen micro sponge was prepared using quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method. In order to optimize the micro sponge formulation, factors affecting the physical properties of micro sponges were determined. Compatibility of the drug with excipients was studied by FT-IR. Production yield, loading efficiency and surface morphology of micro sponges were performed. It was shown that the drug: polymer ratio and stirring rate influenced the particle size and drug release behaviour of micro sponges. The results showed that, generally an increase in the ratio of the drug: polymer resulted control release rate of naproxen from micro sponges." @default.
• W1000206600 abstract "In the past 50 years, psychologists and linguists have put forward various theoretical hypothesis as to bilingual conceptual representations.This paper provides a review of theories concerning bihngual mental lexicon." @default.
• W1000206675 abstract "In this paper an initial-boundary value problem for fractional in time diffusion-wave equation is considered. A priori estimates in Sobolev spaces are derived. A fully discrete difference scheme approximating the problem is proposed and its stability and convergence are investigated. A numerical example demonstrates the theoretical results." @default.
• W1000206743 abstract "As we know that digital signature is an authentication mechanism that enables the creator of a message to attach a code that acts as a signature. This signature guarantees the source authenticity and integrity of a message. Digital signature provides three types of services such as authentication, message integrity and non-repudiation, but does not provide the confidentiality of data which is most important during data transfer because the data is very sensitive. In this paper, we proposed a modified RSA digital signature scheme for data confidentiality. The main purpose of this approach is to provide the data confidentiality during the data transfer. To achieve this we are using the concept of public key encryption. General Terms Document Security" @default.
• W10002069 abstract "Processor self-scheduling is an effective distributed dynamic scheduling scheme for parallel nested loops in multiprocessor systems. A parallel nested loop structure can be considered as a task system. A task is an interation (or several iterations) of an innermost loop body and the execution order of tasks is determined by a precedence relation. Data dependences among statements are enforced either by the precedence relation or by explicit synchronization. Since self-scheduling is non-preemptive and uses busy-waiting as the basic technique for task synchronization, deadlocks may possibly arise. This paper identifies conditions that allow deadlock-free processor self-scheduling. It uses control tokens and data tokens to model the precedence relation and data dependences. Both control tokens and data tokens, together with processors, are regarded as three kinds of resources needed by tasks. Based on this resource model, we study three possible self-scheduling schemes with different degrees of parallelism, and propose to use appropriate scheduling priority for allocating processors to prevent deadlocks. 12 refs., 7 figs." @default.
• W100020752 abstract "Este estudio intenta definir el ámbito subtropical de la Argentina a patir de los factores generales del clima y de su incidencia en la dinámica atmosférica. Las caracteristicas estacionales de la circulación, derivadas de esos factores, generan a su vez «discontinuidades climáticas que alteran el continuum gradual y se convierten en límites ecológicos que trascienden al conjunto del paisaje geográfico." @default.
• W100020758 abstract "Abstract It is a challenging problem to provide quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees in next generation high-speed network, and the QoS routing is one of the key issues of the problem. For the problem of multi-constrained QoS routing in high-speed network, especially under the inaccurate link state information, the success ratio of the different constraint combination is analyzed statistically, and a constraint analysis method based on the computer simulation is proposed. Furthermore, the approximately equal loose-tight order relation between each two constraints is constructed, and then an algorithm based on the experimental analysis is presented. Finally, the simulation result demonstrates that the algorithm has the higher success ratio, and the theoretical analysis proves its correctness and universality." @default.
• W100020802 abstract "Phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A) inhibitors improve functional recovery in experimental models of stroke in rats when treatment is delayed and without effect on infarct volume. PDE5A is expressed to only a very limited extent in forebrain tissues, raising the possibility that the locus of effect for the inhibitors is outside the brain. To start to address this question, we determined whether PDE5A inhibitors must have the ability to cross the blood brain barrier to improve recovery.After permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, PF-5 and UK-489,791, PDE5A inhibitors that do or do not pass the blood brain barrier, were administered starting 24 h after occlusion and continued for 1 week. Motor function was assessed at intervals to 28 days using body swing and limb placement measures.Both PF-5 and UK-489,791 produced improvement in motor scores over 28 days that were significantly greater than in vehicle treated animals. There was no difference in efficacy between the two PDE5A inhibitors.Brain penetrability appears not to be critical to the ability of a PDE5A inhibitor to improve functional recovery after experimental stroke in rats. This finding is discussed with regard to the cellular target(s) for PDE5A inhibitors mediating this effect." @default.
• W1000208190 abstract "Wind speed prediction is very important for the control of wind power generation. Former studies for wind speed prediction are limited to measuring their own historical data to achieve the future wind speed prediction. Compared with this situation, this paper presents a prediction method to get the specified point’s wind speed predicting value from the adjacent point’s historical wind speed data. Using Pearson correlation coefficient to show the relativity between the adjacent measuring points, the method of regression analysis based on correlation coefficient is introduced, and we chose the wind speed data of ten points from an actual wind field to simulate and verify this method. Simulation result shows that this method can guarantee the accuracy of wind forecasting, and it can improve the redundancy and reliability of wind measuring equipments effectively." @default.
• W1000208229 abstract "The authors identify the increasing diversity of provisions and the new policing family, which includes diverse public (state-sponsored) providers as well as a number of private and civil-society providers. Collectively, these providers have posed major challenges for effective and coherent regimes of management and public accountability. The authors analyze these developments at the international level, explore the challenges for effective management and accountability, and consider some of the options for addressing these challenges. The analysis focuses on the peace and stability operations sector which encompasses many of the problems that arise in transnational commercial security (TCS) as a whole. Accountability is particularly elusive when it involves interactions and cooperation among TCS organizations, states, and non-state bodies. Drawing on this analysis, the chapter considers the tangled web of management and accountability sources regarding TCS operations. Challenges include the widespread lack of transparency in financial relations among contractors and companies, the obscure transnational subcontracting arrangements, and the ambiguous legal status of those working in TCS companies. In addressing these issues of management and accountability, the authors find promise in Cockayne's (2008) writings regarding the private military sector. Cockayne suggests that the focus should be on the creation of hybrid or multiplex forms of regulation that combine state, market, and normative regulatory power. Such mechanisms for accountability will involve state-based legislation and judicial action, as well as transnational political mobilization for norm-setting and interaction with the security industry in fostering changes in values, policies, and practices. Under such multiplex regimes, the governance role would include state bodies, processional associations, industry associations, accreditation bodies, labor unions, and businesses and financial institutions that fund and serve the needs of transnational security enterprises." @default.
• W1000208362 abstract "The p53 tumor repressor gene is commonly mutated in human cancers. The tumor inhibitory effect of metformin on p53-mutated breast cancer cells remains unclear. Data from the present study demonstrated that p53 knockdown or mutation has a negative effect on metformin or phenformin-induced growth inhibition, senescence and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. We also found that p53 reactivating agent nutlin-3α and CP/31398 promoted metformin-induced growth inhibition, senescence and apoptosis in MCF-7 (wt p53) and MDA-MB-231 (mt p53) cells, respectively. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with metformin or phenformin induced increase in p53 protein levels and the transcription of its downstream target genes, Bax and p21, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we demonstrated that AMPK-mTOR signaling played a role in metformin-induced p53 up-regulation. The present study showed that p53 is required for metformin or phenformin-induced growth inhibition, senescence and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The combination of metformin with p53 reactivating agents, like nutlin-3α and CP/31398, is a promising strategy for improving metformin-mediated anti-cancer therapy, especially for tumors with p53 mutations." @default.
• W100020908 abstract "Nuclear reactors exhibit mary characteristics which are quite unlike those of other power producers. Some provide valuable self-regulating features in a reactor, while others provide the means of rapid power surges capable of causing serious damage, unless controlled by a control and monitoring system provided for the purpose. For mary types of reactor, the final guarantee that radioactive materials will not be discharged following an accident must be provided by complete containment in a gas tight building or pressure shell. In conclusion, some of the aspects of more advanced systems now being considered in various parts of the world are discussed, together with the improvements in inherent reactor safety likely to accrue from these new ideas. (auth)" @default.
• W1000209370 abstract "This paper analyzes an important shock to local labor demand in financial services: firm relocation to Delaware following a Supreme Court ruling and state legislation in the 1980s. Using synthetic controls and bordering states, I find large effects on employment, unemployment, and participation in the first decade. Wage effects, and in many cases employment spillovers to the nontradable sector, appear larger than estimates from shocks to the tradable sector. Effects persist for ten to twenty years after Delaware loses its original policy-induced advantage. The shift towards a low unemployment sector explains this persistence, rather than direct productivity effects or agglomeration." @default.
• W1000209435 abstract "AbstractTraditional classroom learning paradigm has been criticized for being too artificial, rigid and unresponsive to the needs of today’s society. Researchers argue that learning is largely a situated phenomenon and real-life experiences in authentic settings are a primary requirement for successful and effective learning. Ubiquitous learning environment are touted and look forward to provide such settings of authentic learning, by making virtual and electronic resources available through mobile devices to help learners during their interactions with physical objects in their surroundings. Ubiquitous learning no longer restricts learning process to be inside the classroom or formal learning environments. Rather, the learning involves situating learners in both the real world and the virtual world to extend learners’ learning experiences.KeywordsMobile DeviceLearning ObjectMobile SensorMobile ClientAuthoring ToolThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves." @default.
• W1000209470 abstract "This chapter discusses certain preliminary issues that pertain to research into the origin of life, basic constraints on the reactions that might have been involved, and possible stages in the evolution of living systems from nonliving ones. This chapter answers the questions as to what is life? Did life originate on the Earth or was it transported from elsewhere? Can one extrapolate from familiar living systems to the first living systems? And conditions on the prebiotic Earth favored the origin of life? The section “Getting the Chemistry of Life Underway” explains that both thermodynamic and kinetic factors were important in determining which reactions would be favored; that most energy for driving chemical reactions originates from the Sun; that energy was also obtainable from chemical sources; that observations on extraterrestrial chemistry provide clues about the chemistry of the prebiotic Earth; that starting materials for synthesis were available in the atmosphere and the lithosphere; that most favorable conditions were a sensitive function of location; that concentration mechanisms were essential for key reactants; and that chemical stability is most important for compounds that are not rapidly utilized. This chapter discusses evolutionary aspects of the origin of life, which explains that kinetic factors were probably decisive in the evolution of chemical reactions leading to the living state; that first living systems must have been the product of a multistep process; that instructional polymers carry the information for their own synthesis and the means to undergo further evolution; and that one is making headway in understanding the chemical evolution that preceded the origin of nucleic acids." @default.
• W1000209571 abstract "This report was presented at the UK Organic Research 2002 Conference. Organic agriculture has sought to establish its scientific validity and its origins. Conford (2001) claims that these can be traced to the 1920s, and that Anglican Christianity is pivotal to its history. However, organic agriculture takes many forms and the role of religion in society has changed. In the UK, a new incarnation of organic farming occurred in the late twentieth century as part of a wider response to environmental issues." @default.
• W100021 abstract "The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicological effects of the leaves of Paullinia pinnata Linn.(PP) in rodents using Wistar albino mice and rats as experimental models.Acute toxicity study of the methanol extract of PP was carried out in Wistar strain albino mice using varying doses of the extract at 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400, and 10,000 mg/kg body weight. These doses were administered orally to male Wistar albino mice with the exception of the control group and observed for morbidity and mortality after Day 1, Day 7 and Day 14. Sub-acute toxicity study was conducted in male Wistar albino rats with varying doses of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight. These doses were administered orally once daily at 24 hour intervals for 28 days and the vehicle (physiological saline and Tween 80 (70:30 v/v)) was administered to the control groups in the experiments. Biochemical analyses were carried out on the plasma while pathological changes in the kidneys, liver and lungs were examined histologically.In the acute toxicity study, the mice did not show any form of morbidity or mortality. For the sub acute toxicity study, plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol and the triglycerides were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) at the 400 mg/kg body weight dosage. Elevated levels of plasma ALP were also observed at 800 mg/kg body weight. The histopathological study showed that the lungs exhibited dose -dependent lymphocytic infiltrations and the pattern of occurrence of lesions observed in the liver was at a frequency of one rat per group at the 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight doses.The methanol leaf extract of Paullinia pinnata (Linn.) is well tolerated when orally administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight but toxic at higher doses." @default.
• W1000210421 abstract "This is a thematic report on the topic of Administrative Surcharges: Instruments of Cooperative Tax Compliance Regimes for the 2015 annual meeting of the European Association of Tax Law Professors in Milan. Professors participating in the meeting were surveyed regarding their countries' use of tax penalties and other surcharges. The Report first examines how the surveyed countries use tax surcharges, and for what purposes. It then briefly considers from a theoretical perspective how penalties can best help foster tax compliance." @default.
• W100021066 abstract "Growth of debt stock, changes in the debt composition, ownership structure of government debt and movement of interest rate on debt have been observed since the very beginning in Nepal. Public debt issues have been more and more market oriented and secondary market activities for short-term securities have expanded in recent years. Presently, the amount of debt service payment which exerts pressure on government budget constitutes more than one fourth of the total government expenditure. The theoretical prediction about the relationship between interest rate and government debt is still a matter of controversy. Empirical evidence of other countries on the relationship between interest rate and public debt has become inconclusive. This paper examines the relationship between long-term nominal interest rate and budget deficit variables in Nepal. The study finds the evidence that there exists positive but insignificant relationship between long-term nominal interest rate of government securities and budget deficit variables." @default.
• W100021176 abstract "Hyperglycemia is known to be associated with an increase in mortality in myocardial infarction and intensive care patients despite the fact that glucose metabolism plays a central role in myocardial protection. We studied the effect of different glucose levels (22 mM L(-1); 5.5 mM L(-1); and 0 mM L(-1)) on the contractile reserve of isolated rat atrial myocardium during and after hypoxia.We observed the contraction of isolated rat atrium strips caused by electrical-field stimulation in a modified Krebs-Henseleit Buffer (KHB) organ bath oxygenated with 95% O2 + 5% CO2 at 37°C. We applied two periods of hypoxia and two periods of reoxygenation. Three glucose concentrations were used in the buffer to study the effect of glucose (high- n=6; normal- n=7; and zero-glucose n=6). The effect of isoproterenol 1 μM L(-1) was tested during the second ischemic period.The main finding was that both a zero-glucose (27.8 ± 5.9 vs. 14.7 ± 3 % of baseline tension) and a high-glucose environment (38.5 ± 14 vs. 14.7 ± 3 % of baseline tension) had a positive effect in terms of better contractility than the normal-glucose buffer during both the first (p=0.00062) and the second ischemic period (31.2 ± 5.9 % zero-glucose vs. 14.7 ± 4.2 normal-glucose vs. 35.3 ± 15.9% high-glucose p=0.0038).Both zero-glucose and high-glucose environments resulted in a better contractile reserve in isolated rat atrial myocardium during hypoxia than in a normal one. The exact clinical relevance of this observation is, at present, unclear." @default.
• W1000211828 abstract "When it comes to Europe, gone are the euphemistic references to “balance of competences” and “renegotiating” European policy. Instead, the Conservative manifesto has returned to the two R’s of the pre-coalition era: referendum, and return of powers. The manifesto reflects the careful line trodden since 2010 by the Conservative leadership, between concessions to the eurosceptic wing of the party, and recognition of the concerns of different sections of business." @default.
• W100021190 abstract "Objetivo: describir las caracteristicas epidemiologicas, clinicas y evolutivas de los ninos con sindrome hemolitico uremico (SHU). Conclusiones: El SHU produce una morbimortalidad importante. La presencia de convulsiones en la fase aguda, estuvo asociada con peor pronostico. La anuria durante mas de 7 dias u oliguria durante mas de 15 dias tambien fueron factores de mal pronostico, aunque de forma no significativa." @default.
• W100021283 abstract "In a drug monitoring study, 1,334 outpatients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were treated for 12 weeks with an extract from the fruits of Sabal serrulata.Under this treatment, the volume of residual urine decreased by 50%, pollakisuria decreased on average by 37%, and nocturia by 54%. The percentage of patients with dysuric pain decreased from 75% to 37%. The efficacy of the drug was rated good to excellent in more than 80% of the cases, and good to excellent tolerability was reported by more than 95% of the patients.The improvement in the irritative symptoms may be considered relevant in terms of improvement in the quality of the life of the patients, and justifies this form of treatment." @default.

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