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• W100021291 abstract "Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter for characterizing the canopy structure ofa crop. The LAI, which is often used as a critical variable to simulate different ecosystem models, is difficult to measure directly in oil palm. In this study, optical methods for quantifYing variation in LAI under different conditions were evaluated. It was found that the accuracy of the readings depended on different factors, such as measuring technique, view cap angle, spatial variability, and height of the measuring point. The measuring technique had an effect on the LAI measurement. Results showed that the Zigzag method underestimated the LAI compared to other methods. The LAI by the Zigzag method was 11.6% less than the LAI by the one above and four below technique and 5.7% less than the LAI by the one above and eight below technique. The LAI obtained I7y the one above eight below technique was 6.2% less than the LAI obtained with the one abovefour below technique. Results from the investigation ofthe effect of view cap on LAI measurement showed that the view cap strongly influenced the LAI calculation and LAI decreased with increase in the view cap angle. PCA LAI values were also affected by spatial variability and height of the sensor. PCA LAI values increased with increase in sensor height above ground with a maximum LAI value (2.77) at 2.5-meter height above ground and mzmmum LAI value (0.932) at O-meter height from ground. Maximum values of LAI were obtained for all dIrectIOns at 0.5-meter dtstance from the trunk and minimum LA1 values were obtained near the tip of the frond. The PCA LAI values increased by about 5%- 50% with increase in distance from the frond tip to frond base." @default.
• W1000213771 abstract "Fracture toughness is an indication of the resistance of a material to physical separation by a process of unstable macrocrack propagation. Conceptually, it is an intrinsic material parameter that should not vary with changes in specimen size, speed of loading, temperature, etc. The brittle-ductile transition size effect of metal specimens is discussed using the strain energy density theory. By assuming that the critical strain energy factor, S c r , is a material constant, predictions on the fracture behavior of metals can be made. The following remarks are helpful toward defining a fracture toughness parameter associated with instability of the macrocrack: 1. The dominant or continuum crack travels in the elastic portion of the material always skirting around or bypassing the yield material and hence releases only elastic energy. 2. Stable macrocrack growth in metals is the result of necking or constraint from specimen boundary. 3. The last ligament of macrofracture will terminate in a plane inclined to the free surface or boundary of the specimen." @default.
• W1000214280 abstract "ObjectiveThe VIRTUE Registry describes the mid-term clinical and morphological results of thoracic endovascular repair (TEVR) in patients with type B aortic dissection.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study. The VIRTUE Registry is a prospective, multicentre clinical trial that enrolled patients with complicated acute (<15 days), subacute (15–92 days), and chronic (>92 days) type B aortic dissections treated with the Valiant endograft. One hundred patients were enrolled and the clinical outcomes described at the 3-year follow-up. Analysis of the aortic area and false lumen thrombosis rates defined the morphological response to TEVR in the three clinical groups.ResultsThree-year all-cause mortality (18%, 4%, and 24%), dissection related mortality (12%, 4%, and 9%), aortic rupture (2%, 0%, and 4%), retrograde type A dissection (5%, 0%, and 0%), and aortic reintervention rates (20%, 22%, and 39%) were, respectively, defined for patients with acute (n = 50), subacute (n = 24), and chronic (n = 26) dissections. Analysis of aortic morphology observed that patients with subacute dissection demonstrated a similar degree of aortic remodelling to patients with acute dissection. Patients with acute and subacute dissection exhibited greater aortic plasticity than patients with chronic dissection.ConclusionsThe principle clinical findings suggest that TEVR is able to provide good protection from aortic-related death in the mid-term, but with a high rate of aortic reintervention. Analysis of aortic morphology suggested that aortic remodelling in subacute patients is similar to the acute group. Retention of aortic plasticity in the subacute group lengthens the therapeutic window for the treatment of uncomplicated type B dissection. The VIRTUE Registry describes the mid-term clinical and morphological results of thoracic endovascular repair (TEVR) in patients with type B aortic dissection. This was a prospective cohort study. The VIRTUE Registry is a prospective, multicentre clinical trial that enrolled patients with complicated acute (<15 days), subacute (15–92 days), and chronic (>92 days) type B aortic dissections treated with the Valiant endograft. One hundred patients were enrolled and the clinical outcomes described at the 3-year follow-up. Analysis of the aortic area and false lumen thrombosis rates defined the morphological response to TEVR in the three clinical groups. Three-year all-cause mortality (18%, 4%, and 24%), dissection related mortality (12%, 4%, and 9%), aortic rupture (2%, 0%, and 4%), retrograde type A dissection (5%, 0%, and 0%), and aortic reintervention rates (20%, 22%, and 39%) were, respectively, defined for patients with acute (n = 50), subacute (n = 24), and chronic (n = 26) dissections. Analysis of aortic morphology observed that patients with subacute dissection demonstrated a similar degree of aortic remodelling to patients with acute dissection. Patients with acute and subacute dissection exhibited greater aortic plasticity than patients with chronic dissection. The principle clinical findings suggest that TEVR is able to provide good protection from aortic-related death in the mid-term, but with a high rate of aortic reintervention. Analysis of aortic morphology suggested that aortic remodelling in subacute patients is similar to the acute group. Retention of aortic plasticity in the subacute group lengthens the therapeutic window for the treatment of uncomplicated type B dissection." @default.
• W100021448 abstract "The article analyses illegitimate births as a life course phenomenon for women in the Sundsvall region in northern Sweden during the nineteenth century. In the middle of the century 9% of all children were born out of wedlock in Sweden. By the end of the nineteenth century their numbers had increased to 11%. Illegitimacy was mainly concentrated to urban areas. In the town of Sundsvall it exceeded 20% during the second half of the nineteenth century. It is argued that chances of survival for illegitimate infants were mainly caused by poverty. A majority of the women with illegitimate children managed to find a husband. The marriage resulted in increased chances of survival for children born within wedlock. An illegitimate births was usually the result of the first pregnancy of a young woman and an isolated event in her life course, which supports the argument that poverty and not marginalisation was the main cause for high illegitimate infant mortality. There were of course exceptions. Marginalisation and biological factors still played an important role in many cases. Some women in Sundsvall gave repeatedly birth to illegitimate children and were subsequently in a less favourable situation. They were to a much larger extend marginalised and less then 50% married if they had life histories with three or more illegitimate children. The article also analyses the importance of supportive kin networks for lone mothers, but argues that they played a less significant role for the survival of infants in comparison with, for instance, the number of illegitimate births experienced by the woman and birth intervals. The different life courses and the fates." @default.
• W100021511 abstract "1. The radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the competitive ligand binding assay (CLBA) are convenient routine methods for the precise and reproducible measurement of TBG in large numbers of serum samples. 2. There is an age dependent variation of the TBG-concentration in serum. There is a steady decrease of TBG with increasing age with a minimum between the 20th and 50th year. In higher age TBG increases again significantly. 3. There are significantly negative correlation between TBG-serum levels on the one hand and free T4- and T3- fractions on the other. The low TBG-level in hyperthyroid patients increases gradually to normal during treatment with thyroid blocking drugs, the elevated TBG-concentrations in hypothyroid patients decrease to normal during treatment with thyroid hormones. 4. Estrogen stimulates TBG-synthesis in the liver. During enhanced endogenous estrogen production (pregnancy) as well as during exogenous estrogen application a rise occurs in TBG-concentration in serum, which seems to be dose related. 5. Androgens induces a decrease of the TBG-concentration in serum. 6. During viral hepatitis and in compensated cirrhosis of the liver TBG-concentration is significantly elevated. In cirrhosis of the liver with poor hepatic function the TBG-concentration is decreased. 7. The T4/TBG-quotient is a good parameter to estimate free T4-concentration in serum." @default.
• W1000215541 abstract "There is considerable policy interest in exploring the overall value of higher education to society and in how higher education can support wider economic growth and development through 'knowledge transfer' from higher education institutions. Until fairly recently consideration of 'knowledge transfer' activity has tended to be mainly focussed on those HEI outputs that are commercial or market-based, relate to interaction with businesses and which are also relatively easy to measure (licensing, patents, consultancy contracts and so on). However it is beginning to be recognised that non-market outputs of higher education institutions (such as community interactions) could also have significant economic and social value linked to their support of knowledge flow to the wider community. This paper presents a new perspective on knowledge transfer from institutions. It demonstrates the application of welfare economic principles to estimate the value of non-market outputs of higher education institutions and It presents the results of a pilot study of 3 areas of non-market activity of Scottish higher education institutions, namely community engagement, cultural outreach and public policy advisory activity." @default.
• W100021565 abstract "The Marfan syndrome, vascular type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and neurofibromatosis 1 are associated with vascural complications that may be fatal. Therefore, referral to treatment should be properly timed, followed by therapy taking special features of the disease into consideration. When treating a vascular malformation related to an inherited disorder, it is important to collaborate with clinical geneticists in order to obtain genetic counseling and DNA diagnostics as well as to elucidate the status of close relatives." @default.
• W10002161 abstract "The Australian government has recently introduced changes to media legislation intended to encourage the transition to digital media services. Critics of the new legislation have argued that the new rules will open the door to increased foreign ownership, as well as reduce the number of media proprietors. The debates have tended to confine their focus to the ‘big’ players, while ignoring the impact of the ever-expanding independent and community media sector. In Australia ‘community’ media tends to refer to the non-profit broadcasting sector, but there is also a large community information and communication technology sector, as well as an astonishing growth in local independent community newspapers. This paper examines these three sectors and assesses their contribution to advancing media democracy. Introduction [W]e revel in our parish-pump parochialism. It is something local communities will never find in bigger regional newspapers. Surveys show that the ‘local rag’ is highly valued by those communities that are still fortunate enough to retain their own newspaper: It is part of their community psyche, their lifestyle—just like their neighbourhood and their businesses. (Creighton 2006) So says Wendy Creighton, the editor of The Fassifern Guardian, a weekly independent newspaper established in 1901, serving the Shire of Boonah (population 8500 in 2003), about 75 kilometres south west of Brisbane. The editorial from which Creighton’s quote was taken was published in response to the Australian Government’s planned introduction of new cross-media" @default.
• W100021634 abstract "The number of patients with respiratory disease in the elderly has been increasing in recent years. Pathophysiological characteristic of respiratory diseases in older patients is clearly different from that in younger patients. In this study, rehabilitation for patients with respiratory disease, particularly bronchial asthma, in the elderly was discussed in relation to pathophysiology of asthma. Complex spa therapy has two kinds of actions, direct and indirect actions. Subjective and objective symptoms of patients with asthma are improved by spa therapy for 1-2 months, accompanied with improvement of ventilatory function, and decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness and respiratory resistance. In addition to these direct action of spa therapy, increase in strength of respiratory muscle, stability of autonomic nerve syetem, psychical relaxation, and inprovement of suppressed function of adrenocortical glands are observed as indirect action of spa therapy. Regarding clinical asthma type classified by pathophysiological changes of the airways, spa therapy was more effective in patients with hypersecretion and bronchiolar obstruction. These results suggest that complex spa therapy is available as rehabilitation and/or treatment for patients with respiratory disease." @default.
• W100021725 abstract "ABsTRKr.-Social organization, movements, and home ranges of Blue Grouse (Dendrugupus obscurus) were investigated on Hardwicke Island, British Columbia from 1979 to 1982. Most broods disbanded by the end of September, and young grouse did not associate with their mothers or siblings in winter. The tendency to form flocks was lowest in fall. Grouping increased gradually until midwinter and then declined until spring. Approximately half of the grouse observed during winter were in groups that usually consisted of 2 or 3 birds (X = 2.9 + 0.1 [SE], N = 210). Daily movements were usually small during winter (median = 69 m) and home ranges averaged 16.8 f 2.3 ha (N = 2 1). Although Blue Grouse did not show the strong segregation of sexes found in some other tetraonines, birds most frequently associated with individuals of their own sex and age. The partial segregation of grouse by sex and age may have resulted because females wintered at lower elevations than males and juveniles migrated longer distances than adults. Segregation of sexes of other species of grouse may be explained by a similar mechanism. Block formation is most frequent in species of grouse that winter in open areas and less frequent in species that winter in forests. Received 20 Sept. 1985, accepted I8 Feb. 1986. Studies of the social organization of grouse and other birds have usually emphasized the breeding season, with mating systems drawing particular attention (Wiley 1974, Wittenberger 1978, Oring 1982). The nonbreeding season is thought to be a critical period for mortality in avian populations (Lack 1954, 1966; Bendell 1972; Fretwell 1972), and selective pressures during fall and winter may be important in shaping the overall patterns of avian sociality. During winter, many species of grouse tend to form single sex flocks. A possible proximate explanation for this segregation is that the sexes migrate different distances or prefer different kinds of habitats and hence are not in contact with each other during winter (Koskimies 1957, Weeden 1964, Irving et al. 1967, Hoffman and Braun 1977, and others). Other possibilities are that males and females avoid each other or that members of the same sex are attracted to each other (de Vos 1983). The relative importance of any of these factors in determining the fall and winter sociality of grouse has received little attention, as winter studies are seldom undertaken and it is difficulty to identify different sex and age classes in the field. From 1979 through 1982, I studied Blue Grouse (Dendrugqus obscu" @default.
• W100021768 abstract "We dedicate this paper to Max Gunzburger on the occasion of his 60th birthday Abstract. We study the numerical errors in finite element discretizations of a time relaxation model of fluid motion: ut + u � ∇ u + ∇p − ��u + �u � = f and ∇ � u = 0 In this model, introduced by Stolz, Adams and Kleiser, uis a generalized fluctuation andthe time relaxation parameter. The goal of inclusion of theuis to drive unresolved fluctuations to zero exponentially. We study convergence of discretization of the model to the model's solution as h, �t → 0. Next we complement this with an experimental study of the effect the time relaxation term (and a nonlinear extension of it) has on the large scales of a flow near a transitional point. We close by showing that the time relaxation term does not alter shock speeds in the inviscid, compressible case, giving analytical confirmation of a result of Stolz, Adams and Kleiser." @default.
• W1000217957 abstract "This chapter discusses young children's memory performance in the laboratory and the field. Studies of memory in “real-world” settings have resulted in descriptions of children's performance, indeed sophistication, that stand in marked contrast to earlier accounts based on remembering in the laboratory. Several conflicting themes are explored in this chapter in which the nature of research on the development of memory conducted inside and outside of the laboratory is examined. Research on children's memory carried out at these alternate “venues” can be profitably analyzed in terms of a number of fundamental characteristics, such as the degree of experimental control present, the nature of the materials to be remembered, etc. The chapter discusses limitations and advantages of field and laboratory studies. The understanding of memory development can be advanced only by examining performance in multiple contexts, so that the full range of behavior as affected by these factors can be examined. The approaches can be characterized by the degree to which the researcher exerts control over the subject's experience. This control can extend to the very selection of the memory task and the specification of the conditions under which it is performed, including the instructions to the subject and information processing supports. An additional important dimension concerns the subject's knowledge of the information or event that is to be remembered. The current cognitive zeitgeist emphasizes the competencies rather than the deficits of young children." @default.
• W1000218491 abstract "The ageing of polymer insulation occurs under long-term exposure to high electric fields and has attracted research due its relevance to high voltage insulation. In this work, polymers that have been electrically aged via a number of methods have been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Despite some use in the investigation of outdoor insulation surfaces, XPS has not been used for investigations of polymer bulk electrical ageing before now. The first XPS measurements, using both small spot analysis and XPS imaging, are presented from the exposed inner surfaces of electrically aged artificial voids and electrical breakdown channels, as well as corona discharge aged surfaces and spark discharge by-products. XPS is shown to be a valuable technique for the investigation of polymer electrical ageing. Investigations into breakdown channels are supported by data acquired using X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results show that the chemistry present at these surfaces takes the form of significant oxidation over a wide area with localised production of graphitic carbon. C-O-, C=O, and O-C=O species are detected in all cases. It is found that similar ageing products are present regardless of the ageing process or material investigated. However, the level of oxidation and relative ratio of the species seen with XPS is shown to be highly dependant on oxygen availability. Greater intensity of carbon oxides, and a shift towards highly oxidised species, is observed when there is more oxygen in the system. XPS imaging of breakdown channels reveals that high concentrations of oxidised components form on the outer edges of the channel, with graphitic carbon forming in the central regions. In addition, evidence for degradation is seen to extend at least 300 ?m from channels in XPS imaging and at least ~650 ?m in XPS line scans.Variation with the applied discharge energy was investigated for breakdown channels and spark discharge ageing. Evidence is seen for an energy dependence on the breakdown products, with higher energies producing relatively higher graphitic carbon and reduced oxidation products. Further, the relationship between the applied voltage and graphitic carbon concentration suggests an activated process with an energy barrier before graphitic carbon formation starts.XPS observations are supported by confocal Raman microprobe spectroscopy (CRMS) results from artificial voids and electrical breakdown channels, which identify graphitic carbon on a fluorescent background as the main features. XPS data indicate oxidised species are the origin of the fluorescence seen and provides quantitative information on the levels, chemical states and spatial distribution of these species and of graphitic carbon." @default.
• W100021861 abstract "The books I am reviewing are not only devoted to figures of importance in the literary and intellectual world of England, but they all tell the tales of men and women who were, according to the caste rules of Eng lish society, ladies and gentlemen, the offspring of the landed and titled proprietors who had essentially ruled England since Tudor days, when families like those of Bertrand Russell, one of my subjects, were first established. The old nobility of the Plantagenet period?the great feudal mag nates?had largely wiped each other out during the Wars of the Roses. The new groups of aristocrats and country gentlemen who came into prominence under the Tudors gained power not because of the kind of private armies maintained by the medieval barons, but because of their economic strength, given them largely through the seizure and redistri bution of monastic lands under Henry vm's reformation, a program of political and economic as much as religious change. Later families like the Sitwells benefitted, as did their commercial counterparts from the industrial revolution, when good fortune came their way through the discovery of coal measures on their lands. For most of the Victorian age the aristocracy and the gentry domi nated society and politics, and the landowners ran the nation from their London mansions, since they formed the majority in the House of Com mons as well as in the Lords. And as, toward the end of the century, the political power of the landowners began to wane, there emerged among them a kind of literary and artistic renaissance with which the four books I discuss?all by English women?are largely concerned. Their central figures?Bertrand Russell, Sacheverell Sitwell, Lady Otto line Morrell, and Nancy Mitford?all came of titled land-owning fam ilies. And they all, in their various ways, which stretched from the fri volities of the Bright Young Things in the 1920s to the radical activities of Bertrand Russell as an old man in the 1960s, played their significant parts in the effervescence out of which, in the early years of the present century, modernism appeared in the arts and literature of England. Yet they did so while remaining within their class, and so one of the Sarah Bradford, Splendours and Miseries: A Life of Sacheverell Sitwell. Farrar Straus Giroux, 1993. 486 pages. Illustrated. $35; Caroline Moorehead, Bertrand Russell: A Life. Viking, 1993. 596 pages. Illustrated. $30; Charlotte Mosley, editor, Love from Nancy: The Letters of Nancy Mitford. Houghton MifHin, 1993. 538 pages. Illustrated. $35; Miranda Seymour, Ottoline Morrell: Life on the Grand Scale. Farrar Straus Giroux. 452 pages. Illustrated. $30." @default.
• W10002187 abstract "Discussion is given on a program aimed at anticipating possible hazards from the many types of sealed sources, as well as isotopic devices, and to perform tests aimed at providing information for more accurate assessment of the risks involved in permitting wide beneficial usage. it is suggested that such information should lead to safer sources and devices and yet not cause unnecessarily strict standards for fabrication or use. The progranm consists of development and testing of radioisotope sources to assureof integrity of containment of radioactive material within the sealed capsule or imbedding matrix, and that, should the integrity of containnment fail, the source material itself will constitute a minimal risk of dispersal and/ or biological absorption; and development and testing of isotopic deviees to assureof integrity of source within the device against accidental loss or willful pilfering, and maintenance of an adequate degree of shielding under probable conditions of use or accident. (P.C.H.)" @default.
• W1000218853 abstract "In the preface to the Completion Ibn al-Haytham concludes his observations on the supposed contents of the lost Conics VIII as follows (0i):We decided that these notions and similar ones were the notions contained in the eighth Book (of the Conics). When our judgement about that had been established, we started to derive these notions, to explain them and to collect them in a book containing them,to replace the eighth Book and to be the Completion of the Conics." @default.
• W100021982 abstract "Given declining enrollments in computing, increasing workforce needs for graduates, and changes in the computing education needed in the future, the National Science Foundation launched the Integrated Computing Education and Research (ICER) effort in 2005--6, which resulted in suggestions on how to increase enrollments and improve undergraduate computer science education. These included: multiple entry points to the major, better presentation of computing careers, interdisciplinary courses and projects, and innovative approaches to minors. This paper describes a quarter-long full-time interdisciplinary program for entry-level linguistics and computer science students and entry-level or advanced language students designed to broaden the current curriculum in response to NSF ICER suggestions. The program met several strategic NSFICER directions. Aimed primarily at freshmen and sophomores, the program integrated entry level studies of computer science and linguistics and offered students synthesis opportunities: 1) weekly case studies lab and term project and 2) a lecture and seminar series. This paper describes that program, and suggests how the curricular design and materials could be exported to other institutions as linked courses or an interdisciplinary case study." @default.
• W1000220067 abstract "Social Innovation (SI) is a highly relevant concept in the modern world. The concept responds to complex societal challenges and provides innovative solutions to unmet social needs. This study is drawing upon SI theories that emphasize importance of territory, mainly from socio-political perspective, for SI. Based on interviews with seven stakeholders working with SI in the public sector, NGOs, academia and supporting agencies, this study aims to illustrate what role played the region and territory in the case of region Skane and what aspects promoted SI. Furthermore, the thesis investigates intensity and structures of linkages between different actors and potential barriers for SI." @default.
• W100022018 abstract "BitTorrent 是分享系统的一个很流行的 Peer.to 同伴文件，它采用一套刺激机制鼓励贡献并且阻止免费骑。然而，我们发现 BitTorrent 的刺激机制能阻止免费骑有效地在有种子的一个相对低的数字的一个系统，但是可以在生产失败一为阻止在有种子的一个高数字的一个系统免费骑。原因是 BitTorrent 不提供有效机制让种子提防 free-riding.Therefore，我们建议种子带宽分配策略让 BitTorrent 系统减少种子的效果在上免费骑。我们的目标是提供更多的服务给系统的一个下载者将比提供更低的服务的下载者被同意一个更高的好处什么时候某 downioaders 从一粒种子要求下载的文件。最后，模拟结果被给，它验证建议策略的有效性。" @default.
• W1000220383 abstract "Visual feature binding—the mechanism by which our typically coherent and unified perceptual experience arises from distributed neural representations—is the source of much intrigue in the neuroscience of perception. Surprisingly, feature binding can occur in rapidly alternating displays of color–orientation combinations (e.g., rightward–orange, leftward–blue). However, we found that when the angular separation between orientations is reduced, binding is selectively impaired at temporal alternation frequencies around 5 Hz. To isolate the mechanisms involved, we devised a novel display in which color–orientation conjunction information was distributed temporally over two checkered stimuli and was perceptually discriminable only within an intermediate range of temporal frequencies (7.5–15 Hz). We propose that accurate color–orientation judgments at frequencies exceeding 5 Hz depend on the rapid formation of persistent surface representations that can be accessed by binding mechanisms, circumventing the latter's relatively low temporal resolution." @default.
• W1000220787 abstract "Dual hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is not rare in HBV or HCV endemic areas, and can be found in populations at risk of parenteral viral transmission. Clinical observatory studies suggest a higher risk of liver disease progression in patients with dual HCV/HBV infection than in HBV or HCV monoinfected patients. Recent trials confirmed that combination therapy of peginterferon alfa-2a or alfa-2b and ribavirin was effective and safe in dually infected patients with positive HCV RNA. Moreover, about 30% of the dually infected patients cleared hepatitis B surface antigen within 5 years after the start of peginterferon-based therapy. The optimal treatment strategies for dually infected patients with active hepatitis B, with decompensated cirrhosis, or in other clinical situations should be explored in further studies. Finally, the advent of new direct-acting antiviral-based anti-HCV therapy may lead to the development of strategies for the treatment of dually infected patients with active hepatitis C, particularly for those not tolerating or not eligible for peginterferon-based therapy. Notably, direct-acting antivirals would not have any activity against HBV infection; simultaneous or on-demand nucleos(t)ide analogs would be needed if clinically indicated." @default.
• W1000220911 abstract "Quick facts about citation / bibliographic tools and software. Collect, Store, Reference ++" @default.
• W1000221266 abstract "In this paper, we introduced a method to modify the Dirichlet series over the Mobius function by progressively eliminating the numbers that first have a prime factor 2, then 3, then 5, ..up to the prime pr. The properties of the new series are analyzed as pr approaches infinity and its relationship to the function and the partial Euler product is established and then used to examine the validity of the Riemann Hypothesis." @default.
• W100022137 abstract "Description des relations materielles entre pecheurs et acheteurs de poisson en Californie." @default.
• W1000221432 abstract "This chapter discusses the compensation effect (C.E.) in heterogeneous catalysis. C.E. indicates that an increase in the enthalpy of activation frequently has not the expected result of a considerable decrease in the rate constant, because there occurs a simultaneous increase in the entropy of activation or of the frequency factor, which compensates partly or entirely for the change in the exponent. It is assumed that the activated complex has the same composition for both the homogeneous and the heterogeneous reaction. Reactions involving the tunneling of electrons among ions of different valence states may serve as an example for the possibility that a tunnel effect may account for the occurrence of C.E. In many cases, a C.E. is indicated on comparison of the rates of the same reaction at the same type of catalyst after the latter has undergone special pretreatments or has been changed in its composition. Moreover, an apparent C.E. can result from errors in the experimental data used for an Arrhenium plot." @default.
• W1000221605 abstract "1. Quercetin Feeding in Newborn Dairy Calves Cannot Compensate Colostrum Deprivation: Study on Metabolic, Antioxidative and Inflammatory Traits Jeannine Gruse, Ellen Kanitz, Joachim M. Weitzel, Armin Tuchscherer, Tadeusz Stefaniak, Paulina Jawor, Siegfried Wolffram, Harald M. Hammon, Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes PLOS ONE CrossRef" @default.
• W100022181 abstract "This paper deals with the problem of non-native accents in speech recognition. Reference tests were performed using whole-word and sub-word models trained either with a native accent or a pool of native and non-native accents. The results seem to indicate that the use of phonetic transcriptions for each speci c accent may improve recognition scores with sub-word models. A data-driven process is used to derive transcription lattices. The recognition scores thus obtained were encouraging." @default.
• W1000222011 abstract "The definition pathogenesis and usual types of treatment of Dupuytren contracture are briefly summarized. The authors present their experience with a technique recently devised by Vilain: segmental aponeurectomy. In this technique, minimal amounts of fibrotic bands are removed by small incisions, and extension of the fingers is maintained with a splint for a few weeks after the operation. A review of the first 50 cases shows that this method gives consistently good results with low morbidity and comfort for the patient." @default.
• W100022228 abstract "Service encounters are the focal point of a customer’s perception of a service in terms of its quality, value and customer satisfaction. The paper researches the influence of the components of a service encounter on customer satisfaction. Among several factors that determine customer satisfaction the quality of service, which is related to the characteristics of service, plays an important role. However, a direct insight into the reasons that make a service encounter satisfactory or unsatisfactory is provided by the critical incident technique, where causes of dis/satisfaction differ primarily depending on whether they derive from interpersonal contact or from contact with technology. The evidence of service, which includes people, process and the physical evidence, plays a critical role in a customer’s dis/satisfaction. The influence of these elements cannot be observed separately; it must be observed in their interaction during the delivery of service and their strongest effect is achieved during face-to-face service encounters that have the characteristics of a theatre metaphor. Even though a high level of satisfaction may be achieved after the recovery of a service, enterprises should aim to conduct excellent service encounters right from the start." @default.
• W1000222635 abstract "The demonstration described in this paper attempts to give users tactile feedback on the sole of the virtual avatar using the locomotion interface of anthropomorphic finger motions. We believe that the illusion in the contact area can be caused by the sense of ownership derived from the close relationship of the motion between the fingers and the avatar’s legs. The objective of this study was to prove the possibility that fingers can be substituted in the place of legs in locomotion interfaces in terms of tactile sensation." @default.
• W100022414 abstract "De santa Radegunda (520-587) nos han llegado tres biografias: dos de ellas escritas por autores que convivieron con la santa (Venancio Fortunato, intimamente ligado a Radegunda y al monasterio de la santa Cruz, y Baudonivia, monja del propio monasterio) y una tercera, escrita en el s. XII por Hildeberto de Lavardin. Las tres van precedidas de sendos Prologos, pero, mientras que el de Baudonivia y el de Hildeberto (y lo mismo los que el propio Fortunato puso al fi-ente de las biografias de santos obispos escritas por el) se atienen a las ideas topicas de la hagiografia al uso (el biografo escribe por mandato de un superior a quien esta dedicada la 'Vida y se considera poco dotado para llevar a buen termino su empresa, pero prefiere pasar por mal escritor antes que por desobediente, al tiempo que confia en la buena voluntad de los destinatarios), el Prologo que Fortunato antepone a la biografia de Radegunda gira exclusivamente en torno a una idea (que con el tiempo tambien se convertira en topica): la mujer solo llega a la santidad (una vez concluida la etapa de las persecuciones y, por consiguiente, al no poder sufrir el martirio) a traves de la superacion y hasta el aniquilamiento de su propio sexo, es decir, a traves de la asimilacion de su sexo al sexo de los hombres: lo que se corrobora con multiples ejemplos de mujeres que, disfrazadas de hombres, entraron en monasterios masculinos y en ellos permanecieron hasta su muerte." @default.
• W1000224745 abstract "For women diagnosed with cancer, perceived partner responses predict adjustment to their cancer experience. However, most studies rely on self-report data, which can be biased by many variables. This study used observational methods to examine the relationship between couples' communication at the time of diagnosis, and adjustment in both partners. Eighty-four couples completed a 10 minute communication task, discussing coping and mutual support needs. Videotapes were coded using a standardised marital coding system. The results suggest that a woman's body image after diagnosis is associated with both the extent she is able to share her cancer experience with her spouse, and the extent to which she can empathise with his reactions. In contrast, psychological adjustment in both partners was predicted by the extent the couple could engage in and maintain discussion about cancer. These results are consistent with findings from the martial literature which suggest that social support in close relationships is bi-directional. However, whether these patterns of communication predict long term psychological and sexual adjustment warrants further investigation." @default.
• W1000225038 abstract "SUMMARY This article has the purpose to demonstrate common aspects of “Internal Medicine and Osteopathy, comparing demands, interchanges, and similarities. As both have as main objective to pursue health, and life quality, in spite of acting based on different concepts, they have anatomic, physiologic and sociologic, principals, that should always be centered in unique purpose: to restore and maintain of the physical, moral and social integrity of the main kind." @default.
• W1000225157 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. Nonlinear optics, which focuses mainly on the study of nonlinear optical phenomena that occur as a consequence of the modification of the optical properties of a material owing to the presence of light, plays an important role in many areas of science and technology. The chapter follows standard conventions, where the dimensions of physical quantities are not given explicitly, but instead Gaussian units or electrostatic units (esu) are used to quote values. Based on the laws of quantum mechanics, explicit expressions for the nonlinear optical polarizability of molecules can be calculated. On the basis of the electronic structure obtained in the extended Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (ESSH) model, the second-order hyperpolarizabilities of armchair and zigzag tubular fullerenes can be calculated. The chapter uses the ESSH model to describe fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. However, the model should be modified to include the effect of the dopant ions to describe the substituted tubular fullerenes and carbon nanotubes." @default.
• W1000225214 abstract "Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic esters, carboxylic amides, imines, and N, N-disubstituted hydrazones react as electrophiles at their sp2-hybridized carbon atoms. These compounds also become nucleophiles, if they contain an H atom in α position relative to their C=O or C≡N bonds. In valence bond theory, every enolate can be described by two resonance forms. The negative formal charge is located at a C atom in one of these resonance forms and at an O or an N atom in the other resonance form. It is known that the chemistry of enolates depends on the nature of the metal. Moreover, the metals are an integral part of the structures of enolates. Lithium enolates are most frequently employed, and in the solid state, the lithium cations are definitely associated with the heteroatoms rather than with the carbanionic C atoms. Only one enolate can be generated from aldehydes or their aza analogs, from symmetric ketones or their aza analogs, or from carboxylic esters or carboxylic amides. The chapter describes the condensation of enolates with carbonyl compounds leading to the synthesis of michael acceptors and acylation reactions." @default.
• W1000225965 abstract "El profesor Joaquin Alvarez Barrientos ha coordinado para la prestigiosa revista Insula un volumen dedicado a Menendez Pelayo donde he tenido el inmerecido honor de participar. Quise que mi contribucion ofreciera un aspecto no tratado hasta ahora sobre la intensa relacion que el poligrafo santanderino habia mantenido con los clasicos de Grecia y Roma, precisamente la introduccion en Espana de una incipiente disciplina: la Tradicion clasica. Hasta Menendez Pelayo no comenzo a hablarse de Tr..." @default.
• W1000226036 abstract "The total ban on fishing in marine protected areas demands entailed that fisherman in nearby fishing communities look for an alternative means of livelihood. Often, such alternative livelihoods exploit the remaining terrestrial ecosystem found within or near these fishing communities. This paper introduced a trade-off economic model for marine protection-terrestrial exploitation through a Marine Protection Terrestrial Exploitation Curve (MPTEC). The peculiar characteristics of the fishing communities near marine protected areas (MPAs) are inputted to the trade-off model. Simulation results revealed that for the optimistic case (communities which are better educated and with small household sizes), the terrestrial ecosystems’ damage rate ranged from 3.7% to 28% for MPA sizes ranging from 3 hectares to 30 hectares, while in the worst case scenario (communities which have 6 years or less of schooling and with larger household sizes), the estimated damage rates for the terrestrial ecosystems ranged from a low of 8% to a high of 37% for the same range of MPA sizes. Damage to the terrestrial ecosystems within the fishing communities close to marine protected areas can be mitigated by minimizing the exploitation rate ρ which in turn depends on the socio-demographic characteristics of these communities. Alternative livelihood programs for affected fishing communities should veer them away from livelihoods that make use of raw materials coming from the various terrestrial ecosystems, e.g. mangroves. Ecotourism is one such livelihood project recommended following the Apo Island, Negros experience in the Philippines." @default.
• W1000226272 abstract "A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANETs) is a collection of wireless hosts that can be rapidly deployed as a multi hop packet radio network without the aid of any established infrastructure or centralized administration. Such networks can be used to enable next generation of battlefield applications envisioned by the military, including situation awareness systems for maneuvering war fighters, and remotely deployed unmanned microsensor networks. Ad Hoc networks can also provide solutions for civilian applications such as disaster recovery and message exchanges among safety and security personnel involved in rescue missions. Existing solutions for wired network Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) do not suit wireless Ad Hoc networks. To utilize either misuse detection or anomaly detection to monitor any possible compromises, the IDS must be able to distinguish normal from anomaly activities. To enable intrusion detection in wireless Ad Hoc networks, the research problems are: • How to efficiently collect normal and anomaly patterns of Ad Hoc networks? The lifetime of the hosts is short and Ad Hoc networks do not have traffic concentration points (router, switch).• How to detect anomalies? The loss could be caused by host movement instead of attacks. Unexpectedly long delay could be caused by unreliable channel instead of malicious discard. In this thesis, we have proposed a novel architecture that uses specification based intrusion detection techniques to detect active attacks against the routing protocols of mobile Ad Hoc networks. Our work analyzes some of the vulnerabilities and discuss the attacks against the AODV protocol. Our approach involves the use of an FSM (Finite State Machine) for specifying the AODV routing behavior and the distributed network monitors for detecting the sequence number attack. Our method can detect most of the bad nodes with low false positive rate and the packet delivery ratio can also be increased with high detection rate. For packet dropping attack, we present a distributed technique to detect this attack in wireless Ad Hoc networks. A bad node can forward packets but in fact it fails to do so. In our technique, every node in the network will check the neighboring nodes to detect if any of them fail to forward the packets. Our technique can detect most of the bad nodes with low false positive rate and the packet delivery ratio can also be increased. The proposed solution can be applied to identify multiple malicious nodes cooperating with each other in MANETs and discover secure routes from source to destination by avoiding malicious nodes acting in cooperation. Our technique will detect the sequence number and Packet Dropping attacks in real time within its radio range with no extra overhead. For resource consumption attack, the proposed scheme incurs no extra overhead, as it makes minimal modifications to the existing data structures and functions related to bad listing a node in the existing version of pure AODV. The proposed scheme is more efficient in terms of the resultant routes…" @default.
• W1000226495 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter discusses assay of amino acid oxidase. Conditions are given in the chapter for the determination of the L -amino acid oxidase of snake venoms and the D -amino acid oxidase of mammalian kidney and liver. Although the principles are the same for both, experimental details differ because of differences in the stability, pH optimum, and other properties of the two types of enzyme. For example, FAD must be added in the D -amino acid oxidase assay, because it dissociates readily from the enzyme, whereas in the case of L -amino acid oxidase the prosthetic group is so tightly bound that the addition of free FAD in the assay mixture is unnecessary. The spectrophotometric assay described in chapter is useful over a wide range of enzyme concentrations and is convenient as a general procedure, for example, for following enzyme purification, assaying fractions from a column, or observing changes in activity resulting from enzyme modifications." @default.
• W1000226814 abstract "Magnesium is a ubiquitous element in nature and forms an estimated 2.1 % of the earth’s crust. Like calcium, it is an alkali earth metal. Magnesium plays an important role in a wide range of fundamental biological reactions. Magnesium is the second most abundant intracellular cation and the fourth most abundant cation in the body. The normal adult contains about 22–24 g of magnesium [1]. About 60 % of the magnesium is present in the bones, of which 30 % is exchangeable and functions as reservoir to stabilize serum concentration. About 20 % is in skeletal muscles and 19 % in other soft tissues. Skeletal muscle and liver contain between 7 and 9 mmol/kg wet tissue; between 20 % and 30 % of this is relatively exchangeable. Magnesium is principally an intracellular cation, with less than 1 % in the extracellular fluids. Most intracellular magnesium exists in bound form and only 0.25–1 nmol is present as free Mg2+. Free magnesium constitutes only 1–5 % of total cellular magnesium. In normal adults, approximately 20 % of serum magnesium is protein-bound, 65 % is ionized, and the rest is complexed with various anions such as phosphate and citrate [1]. Of the protein-bound fraction, 60–70 % is associated with albumin, and the rest is bound to globulins [2]. Free ionized magnesium is the physiologically active form of the element. The intracellular levels of the free magnesium serve to regulate intermediate metabolism through activation of rate-limiting enzymes such as hexokinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, enolase, or creatine phosphokinase [3]. In enzymatic reactions magnesium interacts either by binding to the substrate or directly to the enzyme. All of the enzymatic reactions that hydrolyze and transfer enzymatic groups, involving those associated with the reactions involving adenosine triphosphate (ATP), show an absolute requirement for magnesium [4]. There is great volume of research that suggests an association between reduced magnesium intake and insulin resistance, central to type 2 diabetes. It is the purpose of this chapter to associate reduced magnesium intake to type 2 diabetes." @default.
• W1000226880 abstract "The paper examines the effectiveness and efficiency of innovative projects under conditions of uncertain information. It discusses classification of the classical types of economies and technological structures through human history; proposes a classification of uncertainty types; discusses the advantages and disadvantages of existing effectiveness and efficiency evaluation methods; and presents an algorithm of innovative strategy formation. Previous studies by the authors of the current paper [Okorokov et al., 2014] analyzed the drawbacks of effectiveness evaluation methods for existing innovative projects. The current study aims to develop the methodology for effectiveness evaluation of innovative projects in the circumstances of increasing amounts of information and uncertainty. For this purpose, the authors used a combination of real options and fuzzy sets approaches, which allowed them to take into account all the necessary information. This paper presents net present value fuzzy evaluation. The proposed technique was implemented in real medium- and large-sized industrial organizations in one of the most innovative regions of Russia-Saint-Petersburg. The technique allows correction of the innovative projects as they are being implemented." @default.
• W1000226883 abstract "The use of environmentally benign reaction media is very important in view of today' s environmentally con scious attitude. In connect with this, room temperature ionic liquids that are air and moisture stable have received a good deal of attention in recent years as novel solvent systems for organic synthesis. A number of reactions such as Friedel-Crafts reactions, Diels-Alder cycloadditions, hydrogenations, and Heck reactions have employed ionic liquids as solvents. Among them, the Friedel-Crafts reaction[1] is of great synthetic significance in view of laboratory synthesis and industrial production. Recent studies showed that Friedel-Crafts reaction of indole with carbonyl compounds proceeded readily in aqueous media. [2] However, the aqueous reactions suffer from some common problems,such as tedious work-up, reuse of catalyst and so on.……" @default.
• W1000227032 abstract "The influence of anthropogenic organic complexants (citrate, EDTA and DTPA from 0.005 to 0.1M) on the solubility of nickel(II), thorium(IV) and uranium (U(IV) and U(VI)) has been studied. Experiments were carried out in 95%-saturated Ca(OH)2 solutions, representing the high pH conditions anticipated in the near field of a cementitious intermediate level radioactive waste repository. Results showed that Ni(II) solubility increased by 2-4 orders of magnitude in the presence of EDTA and DTPA and from 3 to 4 orders of magnitude in the case of citrate. Citrate had the greatest effect on the solubility of Th(IV) and U(IV)/(VI). XRD and SEM analyses indicate that the precipitates are largely amorphous; only in the case of Ni(II), is there some evidence of incipient crystallinity, in the form of Ni(OH)2 (theophrastite). A study of the effect of calcium suggests that U(VI) and Ni(II) may form metal-citrate-OH complexes stabilised by Ca(2+). Thermodynamic modelling underestimates the concentrations in solution in the presence of the ligands for all the elements considered here. Further investigation of the behaviour of organic ligands under hyperalkaline conditions is important because of the use of the thermodynamic constants in preparing the safety case for the geological disposal of radioactive wastes." @default.
• W1000227380 abstract "Ancient Mediterranean and Near East, especially classical Greece and Rome including primary sources" @default.
• W1000227821 abstract "The international trade in arms is not a new phenomenon. The commercial export of cannon in the second half of the sixteenth century presented such problems to the court of Elizabeth I that it led her to introduce what was probably the first official licensing procedure for the export of armaments. Although Elizabeth’s embargo on arms sales to the Catholic Powers was repeatedly circumvented by the sanction-busters of the day, it contributed to the defeat of the Armada in 1588 by restricting Spanish access to superior English munitions. In later years, restrictions on arms exports were gradually relaxed, and gun foundries frequently relied on overseas markets for a large proportion of their sales. One of the more prominent gunmakers, John Browne, said in 1629 that the King’s service would have taken up only 10 days a year of his furnace activity (cipolla., 1965; Frere-Cook & Macksey, 1975)." @default.
• W1000228583 abstract "This research addresses the issue of building home automation systems reactive to voice for improved comfort and autonomy at home. The focus of this paper is on the context-aware decision process which uses a dedicated Markov Logic Network approach to benefit from the formal logical representation of domain knowledge as well as the ability to handle uncertain facts inferred from real sensor data. The approach has been experiemented in a real smart home with naive and users with special needs." @default.
• W100022864 abstract "AbstractThe technique described consists of monitoring the extravasation of intravenously injected 125I-labelled plasma albumin in a fold of skin during a response to an inflammatory stimulus. A system was devised for the measurement of intravascular clearance of labelled albumin; and the equation to the clearance curve was used to compute corrections to the data obtained in skin monitoring experiments. Concentration of intravascular labelled protein was determined by taking a blood sample after each experiment, counting it in a well counter and using the clearance curve to calculate the blood concentration immediately following intravenous injection. This enabled results to be expressed in terms of extravasation of plasma in μl/min. Little change in skin intravascular volume was observed in inflammatory responses, as measured by 32P-red blood cell count. Basic differences were observed between responses elicited by a range of agents, illustrated by a comparison between: histamine; prostaglandin E1; kallikrein; thermal injury; and lymphokine. The technique is compared with other methods." @default.
• W1000229056 abstract "The second edition of this work has been thoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the significant changes and advances made in systematic reviewing. New features include discussion on the rationale, meta-analyses of prognostic and diagnostic studies and software, and the use of systematic reviews in practice." @default.
• W1000229116 abstract "Aves - Orden Charadriiformes - Familia Laridae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Espanoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 26-09-2011" @default.
• W1000229741 abstract "The Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS; Marchewka, Żurawski, Jednoróg, & Grabowska, Behavior Research Methods, 2014) is a standardized set of 1,356 realistic, high-quality photographs divided into five categories (people, faces, animals, objects, and landscapes). NAPS has been primarily standardized along the affective dimensions of valence, arousal, and approach-avoidance, yet the characteristics of discrete emotions expressed by the images have not been investigated thus far. The aim of the present study was to collect normative ratings according to categorical models of emotions. A subset of 510 images from the original NAPS set was selected in order to proportionally cover the whole dimensional affective space. Among these, using three available classification methods, we identified images eliciting distinguishable discrete emotions. We introduce the basic-emotion normative ratings for the Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS BE), which will allow researchers to control and manipulate stimulus properties specifically for their experimental questions of interest. The NAPS BE system is freely accessible to the scientific community for noncommercial use as supplementary materials to this article." @default.
• W1000230511 abstract "Background and Purpose：In healthy human subjects, an expiratory threshold load (ELT)induces sustained hyperventilation. We hypothesized that, during ETL breathing, the ventilatory responses and abdominal expiratory activity would be greater if the ETL-related hypocapnia were pre-vented by maintaining the end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) isocapnic to near that during quiet breathing. Another purpose was to determine the effect of body position on these ETL responses. Methods：We studied 10 subjects who breathed against ETL without (CON)and with CO2 added(ISO)in both supine and upright positions. ETLs were studied at 0,5,15 and 25 cm H2O Inspiratory (T1), expiratory (TE), and total cycle (TTOT) durations, tidal volume (VT), breathing frequency (Fb), minute ventilation (VE), mean inspiratory flow rate (VT/Tl), and mean expiratory flow rate (VT/TE) were determined from inspiratory flow recordings. Abdominal electromyograms (EMGs) were detected with surface electrodes placed over the internal (IO) and external oblique muscle (EO) regions. Times of onset (onset latencies),and duration of the EMG expiratory bursts were determined from raw EMGs；peak amplitudes of the EMG expiratory bursts were determined from the integrated EMGs.TETCO2 was continuously recorded. Results：In response to ETL,PETCO2 decreased during CON and was maintained isocapnic to quiet breathing(QB) level during ISO. During ISO, VT, VE, VT/Tl, and VT/TE were significantly greater than those during CON in both body positions. Amplitudes and durations of the EMG expiratory bursts from EO and IO abdominal muscles were not different between CON and ISO but the onset latencies of these expiratory bursts during ISO were significantly shorter than those during CON. During either ETL conditions tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation (VE), peak amplitudes and durations of the abdominal EMG expiratory bursts were greater when the subjects were upright than supine. The onset latencies of the EMGs were shorter when the subjects were upright than when supine. Conclusion：We conclude that, during loaded ETL breathing ,developing hypocapnia acts to compensate for this stress by preventing further CO2-induced hyperpnea." @default.
• W100023056 abstract "Let E be a uniformly convex Banach space with a uniformly Gateaux differentiable norm, C a nonempty closed convex subset of E, and T : C ! E a nonexpansive mapping satisfying the weak inwardness condition. Assume that every weakly compact convex subset of E has the fixed point property. For f : C ! C a contraction and t 2 (0; 1), let xt be a unique fixed point of a contraction Tt : C ! E, defined by Ttx = tf (x) + (1 i t)Tx; x 2 C. It is proved that if fxtg is bounded, then xt converges to a fixed point of T , which is the unique solution of certain variational inequality. Moreover, the strong convergence of other implicit and explicit iterative schemes involving the sunny nonexpansive retraction is also given in a reflexive and strictly convex Banach space with a uniformly Gateaux differentiable norm." @default.
• W1000231013 abstract "Herbaceous zones in a Carolina bay in Maryland (Delmarva Bay) were monitored annually during 1987-97 by fixed-point photography and by sampling peak percent cover of each species in permanent plots during years of sufficient drawdown. The peripheral Panicum hemitomon zone of 1987 became dominated in 5 years by Acer rubrum (red maple) and Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum) with mean peak percent cover increasing from 22% to 88%. Live P. hemitomon cover decreased from 80% to 1%, and Rhexia virginica disappeared from sampling plots. Since the P. hemitomon population did not expand or migrate toward the center of the bay, this zone could be replaced by forest. Another peripheral zone, dominated in 1987 by Rhynchospora charalocephala, also was overtaken by red maple and sweet gum; Rhexia virginica all but disappeared from the zone; and this zone likewise could become forested. The central zone was dominated throughout the study by Scleria reticularis, R. virginica, Lachnanthes caroliniana, and Panicum verrucosum. Although the relative cover of central zone species changed from year to year, a significant trend in absolute percent cover did not occur over the 11-year period. However, in ecotone plots of the central zone and the P. hemitomon zone, R. virginica decreased significantly while red maple and sweet gum increased significantly, thus indicating that afforestation of peripheral communities is already affecting the central zone. Woody plant establishment is probably related to very low rainfall during the winters of 1984-85 and 1985-86 and summers of 1986 and 1987. Once established, subsequent flooding conditions were insufficient to kill saplings and small trees. Studies are needed to understand the potential contribution of farm irrigation wells, regional drainage ditches, and a contiguous pine plantation to bay afforestation. In addition, knowledge of the historic role of Amerindian fires in the Delmarva Bay ecosystem could be helpful in better understanding natural vegetation dynamics." @default.
• W1000231089 abstract "The title compound 5-allyl-2,3-dihydro-9-（2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopent-1-enyl）-cyclopenta[b]chromen-1（9H）-one monohydrate（C20H18O4.H2O,Mr = 340.36） was synthesized and crystallized.It crystallizes in the triclinic system,space group P with a = 8.5840（17）,b = 8.7027（17）,c = 11.561（2）,α = 89.69（3）,β = 74.33（3）,γ = 86.13（3）°,V = 829.6（3）（A°）^3,Z = 2,Dc = 1.363 g/cm^3,MoKa radiation（λ = 0.71073 ）,F（000） = 360,μ = 0.098 mm^-1,the final R = 0.0430 and wR = 0.1008 for 2957 observed reflections with（I 〉 2σ（I））.X-ray analysis reveals that atoms C（1）,C（2）,C（3）,C（4）,C（5） and O（1） on the new pyran ring are coplanar,which is obviously different from the half-chair or boat conformations of other similar compounds." @default.
• W100023138 abstract "L’idee que le Bresil est le pays qui a le mieux accueilli le positivisme d’Auguste Comte est tres repandue1." @default.
• W1000231866 abstract "The process of transforming information into knowledge can be investigated by observing designers progressing a design using information. This paper presents three real examples from the transcripts of an experiment based on the detail design of a military aircraft flight control surface. These examples show how designers develop a capacity to design, or design knowledge, by linking pieces of information to their background knowledge through design rationale. The authors conclude that information systems are more likely to be more effective and efficient in transferring knowledge if they also provide a description of the design rationale." @default.
• W1000232527 abstract "Este trabajo expone la necesidad de una definición de clima aceptada por la comunidad científica como paso previo a la noción de cambio climático. Se exponen y comentan distintos conceptos de clima, desde los orígenes griegos de la palabra, en los que se destaca la variabilidad natural, que debiera extenderse igualmente al cambio climático. Dicha variabilidad no está delimitada, por lo que arrastra su indefinición al cambio climático.&#x0D; &#x0D; [fr] Ce travail veut poser l'accent sur la nécessité d'une définition acceptée par la communauté des scientifiques du climat, qui peut être basée sur le concept du climat. On a résumé des différentes définitions, qui commencent avec les grèques classiques, où le climat a une haute variabilité naturelle qu'on doit trouver aussi dans le concept derivé du changement climatique. Si la variabilité naturelle du climat n'est pas clarifiée, le changement du climat le sera moins." @default.
• W1000232758 abstract "After the emergence and consolidation of Ottoman historiography in the 16th century, the writing of general O toman ory seemed, for a long time, to be the exclusive domain of Muslim chroniclers or Western scholars who tried to catch up with them. The historiographical output of the non-Muslim subjects of the empire in their respective languages was to remain remarkably small until the 18th century. Unlike their illustrious late Byzantine predecessors,1 non-Muslim his toriographers were now mainly concerned with local or ecclesiastical af fairs. This development may be explained by the brain drain after the conquest of Constantinople and the ensuing decline in the standards of learning and education among the non-Muslim population, but it seems to be much more due to the lack of patronage, an essential condition and in centive for the activity of a historian. The situation changed in the late 17th and early 18th century with the emergence of new flourishing cul tural centres in the periphery of the empire, in the semi-independent Da nubian principalities, in the entourage of the local rulers, the Hospodars of Moldavia and Wallachia. This environment was particularly attractive for what the natives used to call 'Greeks from Istanbul', commonly known as Phanariots,2 whose cultural and later political influence became predominant from 1711 onwards, when the Porte began to appoint almost exclusively members of this community as rulers. The principalities had a certain tradition of native annalists who ini tially in Slavonic recorded in their chronicles (letopisef) mainly the events concerning their home-countries, but not unfrequently also refer ring to the history of the adjacent areas.3 The interest in the historical past of their overlords, the Ottoman sultans, whom they still used to refer to as 'emperor' (imparat [in Rumanian] or vasilevs [in Greek]) in the Byzan" @default.
• W100023276 abstract "In late August and early September of 1958, U.S. Navy Task Force 88, consisting of nine ships and approximately 4,500 men, secretly conducted three high-altitude nuclear tests in the South Atlantic. The code name of the operation was ARGUS. In each of these tests, the task force launched from the missile trials ship, USS Norton Sound (AVM-1), a specially modified X-17a three-stage ballistic missile carrying a low-yield nuclear warhead, which was detonated high in the Earth's upper atmosphere. Upon completion of these launchings on September 6, the task force departed the operating area for Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and thence to home ports in the United States. This report details Department of Defense personnel participation in these tests, with an emphasis on radiological safety." @default.
• W100023300 abstract "Thyroid cancers are classified as papillary, follicular (including Hürthle cell), medullary, and anaplastic. Papillary cancers account for about 82% of all thyroid cancers, follicular about 8%, medullary about 6%, Hürthle cell 3%, and anaplastic 1%. The prognosis of patients with papillary thyroid cancer is usually favorable, whereas most patients with anaplastic cancer die within 6 months. The behavior of papillary thyroid cancer can be predicted by patient age, sex, tumor size, local invasion, angioinvasion, lymph node metastases, distant metastases, as well as tumor differentiation and ability to take up radioactive iodine. Thus, older male patients with larger or invasive tumors, with angioinvasion, lymph node or distant metastases, and with tumors that do not take up radioactive iodine or cannot be completely surgically resected have a worse prognosis. Anaploid tumors, tumors with a low adenylate cyclase response to thyroid-stimulating hormone tumors, tumors that are ras-and gsp-positive, and tumors that are p21-positive and p53-positive also appear to behave in a more aggressive manner. In contrast, lymphocytic thyroiditis associated with papillary thyroid cancer predicts fewer recurrences and an improved survival. The treatment of patients with papillary thyroid cancer is controversial primarily because most patients do well with relatively minimal therapy, and there are no prospective studies concerning the merits of various treatments. Much of the controversy relates to the safety of thyroidectomy versus other procedures and, to a lesser extent, when to do a central or modified radical neck dissection. The rate of recurrence is lower, and the death rate may also be lower when patients are treated initially by total thyroidectomy. The rationale for total thyroidectomy is that it enables one to use radioactive iodine to detect and treat local and distant metastases, and it makes serum thyroglobulin determination more sensitive for detecting persistent disease. Total thyroidectomy should be associated with a permanent complication rate of less than 2%. Thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression therapy is recommended by most experts for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and supported by most clinical and laboratory studies. Central and lateral node selection is recommended for patients with palpable lymphadenopathy." @default.
• W1000233140 abstract "CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) β and C/EBPδ are transcription factors of the basic-leucine zipper class which share phylogenetic, structural and functional features. In this review we first describe in depth their basic molecular biology which includes fascinating aspects such as the regulated use of alternative initiation codons in the C/EBPβ mRNA. The physical interactions with multiple transcription factors which greatly opens the number of potentially regulated genes or the presence of at least five different types of post-translational modifications are also remarkable molecular mechanisms that modulate C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ function. In the second part, we review the present knowledge on the localization, expression changes and physiological roles of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. We conclude that C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ share two unique features related to their role in the CNS: whereas in neurons they participate in memory formation and synaptic plasticity, in glial cells they regulate the pro-inflammatory program. Because of their role in neuroinflammation, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in microglia are potential targets for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Any strategy to reduce C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ activity in neuroinflammation needs to take into account its potential side-effects in neurons. Therefore, cell-specific treatments will be required for the successful application of this strategy." @default.
• W1000233381 abstract "Throughout the history of Europe and the world, shipping routes have determined the development of many civilisations, since it was along them that settlements and commerce developed, goods and people were transported, and later, industry was located. Currently, shipping routes are an important element in inland transport corridors. The European Union puts particular emphasis on the development of inland and rail transport to balance road transport, which is drastically expanding. Development of inland waterway transport routes in Poland has allies in intensely developing sea ports. The allies of the lower Vistula (dolna Wisla) are the ports in Gdansk and Gdynia, for which construction of inland ports up-country is an opportunity to increase the trans-shipment capacity. Poland uses the potential of international inland waterways poorly when compared to other European Union countries, which results for instance from the bad technical condition of river engineering structures and from years of neglect in water management. The situation is further amplified by the lack of consistent laws regarding inland navigation and water management, as the responsibility for those issues is shared by several ministries, the institutions they are in charge of and local governments. Governments of the voivodeships situated along the planned international waterways E40 between Warsaw and Gdansk (Mazowieckie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Pomorskie voivodeships) and E70 (Lubuskie, Wielkopolskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie, Pomorskie voivodeships) can see both the transport and the tourism potential of Polish waterways. They have been working for many years to restore the rightful role of rivers and to bring about economic development using the advantages they offer. DOI: 10.12736/issn.2300-3022.2013212 Waterways and their multiple functions Let the article begin with the words of Professor Tadeusz Tillinger [3], defining river maximisation: “Waterways are on the one hand a part of the overall economy, and on the other hand, being an element of the transportation system, they are a part of the vascular system of the state body. It is the task of water management to channel the water falling from the sky onto the land to the sea in a way that makes it possible to minimise its harmful effects as an element and to maximise its useful properties as a matter indispensible to the lives of humans, animals and plants, as a material for transportation routes and as mass, i.e. a body with certain energy”. This statement was published in one of the first Polish post-war textbooks for contemporary water management employees, which was developed at the request of the Ministry of Transportation. The publication introduced the term “transport maximisation”, which meant “to provide the carriage necessary in the country in such a way that every type of freight is transported in the most favourable and suitable way and that the costs and other liabilities of carriage (waste of time, risk, discomfort) are minimised and that the advantages (increased value of the load caused by the change of place) are maximised” [3]. This statement can be nowadays referred to as optimisation of transport processes. Using that textbook [3], the assumptions of which seem to be valid to this day, I will present the issue of waterways and the E40 and E70 routes as part of a water management system in a broad sense. Waterways have a multifaceted significance in the context of water management. Water may be a dangerous element, posing a danger to human life and causing material damage through disastrous floods. We can prevent this hydrological phenomenon Ż. Marciniak | Acta Energetica 2/15 (2013) | 153–161" @default.
• W10002337 abstract "EL OBJETIVO CENTRAL DE LA MEMORIA ES EL ESTUDIO DELALGEBRA DE DERIVACIONES DE UN ALGEBRA DE BERNSTEIN DEORDEN DOS, ASI, DE MODO ANALOGO AL SEGUIDO EN LASALGEBRAS DE BERNSTEIN, UNA DERIVACION SE CARACTERIZA ENTERMINOS DE UNA TERNA (U, F, G), SIENDO UN ELEMENTO DELALGEBRA (IMAGEN POR LA DERIVACION DE UN ELEMENTOIDEMPOTENTE) Y F, G APLICACIONES LINEALES QUE SATISFACENCIERTAS CONDICIONES. UNO DE LOS PRINCIPALES PROBLEMASCONSIDERADOS EN LA MEMORIA ES LA DETERMINACION DE LADIMENSION DEL ALGEBRA DE DERIVACIONES. CON ESTE FIN, SEDETERMINAN COTAS SUPERIORES E INFERIORES DE DICHADIMENSION Y SE VE, QUE CON ALGUNA CONDICION ADICIONAL,DICHA ALGEBRA ES NO NULA, PERO EL CASO DER (A) = O PUEDEAPARECER, COMO SE MUESTRA CON ALGUNOS EJEMPLOS.SE ESTUDIAN ALGUNOS CASOS PARTICULARES ESPECIALMENTEINTERESANTES. ASI, POR EJEMPLO, ALGEBRAS ASOCIADAS AIDENTIDADES TREN DE RANGO MENOR O IGUAL QUE CINCO YAQUELLAS QUE SATISFACEN LA IDENTIDAD X3Y = W(X)2X2Y OBIEN LA IDENTIDAD (X2)2Y = W(X)2X2Y. TAMBIEN SE PRESTAESPECIAL ATENCION A LAS ALGEBRAS DE BERNSTEIN DE ORDEN 2QUE SON DE POTENCIAS ASOCIATIVAS, JORDAN O DUPLICADA DEUNA DE BERNSTEIN." @default.
• W1000234375 abstract "Ethylene-propylene random copolymer with ultra-high molecular weight (UHPPR) and broad molecular weight distribution (MWD) was prepared with Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The viscoelastic behavior of UHPPR has been investigated by means of oscillatory rheometer at 180, 200 and 220℃. The loss modulus (G) curves of 180 and 200℃ present a pronounced maximum at 38.10 and 84.70r/s, respectively, For the first time, this makes it possible to directly determine the plateau modulus ( GN^0 ) of crystalline ethylene-propylene random copolymer with broad MWD in a certain experimental temperature G(w) curve. The plateau modulus of UHPPR is 4.51×105 and 3.67×10^5 Paat 180 and 200℃ respectively, increasing with random incorporation of comonomer ethylene into the molecular chains and being independent of molecular weight." @default.
• W1000234699 abstract "Vowel quantity is distinctive in Hungarian for all vowels. However, the quantity opposition in high vowels has become unstable in colloquial speech. Possible reasons are the low functional load of this distinctive feature and the lack of supporting acoustic cues such as spectral differences between long and short high vowels. According to Ohala’s model of sound change, the quantity neutralisation process in the production of high vowels might go back to a perceptual loss. This was tested in a forced-choice categorisation experiment for high, mid, and low vowels with different age groups. Our results show a decreasedsensibility for high and also mid vowels, but only in unstressed position." @default.
• W1000234983 abstract "The development of mosaic-resistant varieties is one of the major objectives of the Louisiana sugarcane breeding program. This is being accomplished by inoculating 1 young sugarcane seedlings when 6 to 10 in. high with mosaic and discarding those developing the disease. However, at Baton Rouge, such large percentages of seedlings developed mosaic (as high as 42% in a given year), that studies were made to determine if desirable plants were being discarded. This paper reports the results of studies of this problem." @default.
• W1000235009 abstract "A critical component of any ecological risk assessment is the specification of the assessment endpoints. However, selecting assessment endpoints for risk assessment is often a formidable task, particularly for sites with extensive and diverse ecological resources, such as those found at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The General Assessment Endpoint (GAE) process provides a comprehensive, systematic and defensible basis for reaching consensus with regulators and other stakeholders on the assessment endpoints for ecological risk assessments. This paper provides an overview of the GAE process and reports on a pilot project to implement the process for the Pajarito Plateau ecosystem, the ecosystem potentially affected by the Laboratory's legacy hazardous waste." @default.
• W100023534 abstract "The capability of modern electronic structure theory to quantitatively predict properties of atomic and molecular systems strongly depends on how accurately the electron correlation effects can be accounted for. The correlation contribution usually constitutes only about 1% of the total electronic energy. Nevertheless, it plays a key role in our understanding of many phenomena of chemical interest, particularly those depending on energy differences rather than on the total energies. Examples of quantities strongly affected by correlation effects include the energies of chemical bonds, ionization potentials, electron affinities, molecular multipoles, and polarizabilities. In weakly interacting van der Waals systems, the electron correlation is solely responsible for the major attractive component of the interaction potential — the dispersion energy." @default.
• W1000236129 abstract "This article explores the impact that the current financial crisis is having on the employment rate of immigrants. To do so, I conduct an empirical analysis using the Spanish Labour Force Survey (2000-2010). As expected, the results indicate that the recession affects foreigners more than Spaniards, but only when it concerns men. The employment rate of highly educated Spanish employees shows a steady decline in comparison to the fall in employment rate of foreigners with a same educational level. Interestingly, the results show that in the more recent years —more strongly shaped by the economic decline—, highly educated immigrants benefit more from their educational level than they did during the economic expansion. Finally, there is no evidence of a better protection against unemployment of time of residence. According to the results, time in the labour market only impacts that prospect of natives." @default.
• W1000236231 abstract "6 pages, 3 figures.-- Communication presented at the 6th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics and 8th International Conference on Information System Analysis and Synthesis (SCI/ISAS 2002, Orlando, Florida, Jul 14-18, 2002)" @default.
• W100023643 abstract "Objective : Hand dominance is a term that describes a preference to use one hand more than the other for everyday tasks. It could be described as the phenomenon that occurs when one hand is preferred to the other for fine motor skills tasks. Hand grip strength is a physiological variable that is affected by a number of factors including age, gender and body size. The aim of this study was to obtain relationship among Peak grip strength, grip strength and anthropometric measures in the dominant and non-dominant hands of Children in Nnewi, Southeast Nigeria. Method : A total of 575 children, aged 4-16, were studied. Each child’s weight, height, age, and hand length were recorded. Their peak grip strength and grip strength were measured on the dominant and the non-dominant hand with the participants seated on a chair with elbow flexed at 900, and forearm in a semi-prone position using Woliobiao hand-held dynamometer. Result : The results showed that grip strength increased with age except in age 13 in boys and age 15 in girls, where the grip strength in age 12 was higher than at 13 in boys, and the grip strength of 14 years was higher than that of 15years in girls in the dominant hands. In the non-dominant hand, the grip strength increased with age except in age 5 and age 15 in girls where the grip strength at 4 years and 14 years respectively were higher. The anthropometric traits correlated positively with grip strength on both dominant and nondominant hands. Boys also show more strength in their Peak and Grip strength on both dominant and non-dominant hands more than females. Peak grip strength in dominant hands was higher than those of the non-dominant hands across gender. Strong relationship existed between grip strength, peak grip strength and the anthropometric measures-weight, height and in particular hand length. Conclusion : Strong relationship exists between grip strength, peak grip strength, and the anthropomrtric measusures (weight, height, and in particular hand length) in children and adolescents of Southeast Nigeria Keywords : Peak grip strength, Grip strength ,Dominant hand, Non-dominance hand" @default.
• W100023811 abstract "Stuttering is a communication disorder with unknown etiologies whose victims have been helped transiently or sporadically by previous therapies. Historical approaches to treatment are described. The author presents avoidance-reduction therapy as a specific eclectic approach to treatment with emphasis on the interpersonal dynamics of the stutterer resulting in an increase in self-esteem." @default.
• W1000238121 abstract "Virtualization has grown increasingly popular, thanks to its benefits of isolation, management, and utilization, supported by hardware advances. It is also receiving attention for its potential to support security, through hypervisor-based services and advanced protections supplied to guests. Today, virtualization is even making inroads in the embedded space, and embedded systems, with their security needs, have already started to benefit from virtualization’s security potential. In this thesis, we investigate the possibilities for thin hypervisor-based security on embedded platforms. In addition to significant background study, we present implementation of a low-footprint, thin hypervisor capable of providing security protections to a single FreeRTOS guest kernel on ARM. Backed by performance test results, our hypervisor provides security to a formerly unsecured kernel with minimal performance overhead, and represents a first step in a greater research effort into the security advantages and possibilities of embedded thin hypervisors. Our results show that thin hypervisors are both possible and beneficial even on limited embedded systems, and sets the stage for more advanced investigations, implementations, and security applications in the future." @default.
• W1000238170 abstract "Isoniazid is used either alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. It is also used for the prevention of tuberculosis. Chronic treatment of Isoniazid may cause severe liver damage leading to acute liver failure. The mechanism through which Isoniazid causes liver damage is investigated. Isoniazid treatment generates reactive oxygen species and induces apoptosis in Hep3B cells. It induces antioxidative and apoptotic genes leading to increase in mRNA expression and protein levels in Hep3B cells. Whole genome expression analysis of Hep3B cells treated with Isoniazid has resulted in differential expression of various genes playing prime role in regulation of apoptotic, antioxidative, DNA damage, cell signaling, cell proliferation and differentiation pathways. Isoniazid increased cytosolic Nrf2 protein level while decreased nuclear Nrf2 protein level. It also decreased ERK1 phosphorylation and treatment of Hep3B cells with ERK inhibitor followed by Isoniazid resulting in increased apoptosis in these cells. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis results have also shown differential expression of various protein species including heat shock proteins, proteins playing important role in oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, cell proliferation and differentiation. Results suggest that Isoniazid induces apoptosis through oxidative stress and also prevents Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus by reducing ERK1 phosphorylation thus preventing cytoprotective effect." @default.
• W100023876 abstract "A European Union note for guidance on gene transfer medicinal products is being developed by the Biotechnology Working Party (BWP) of the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) which will include guidance for DNA vaccines. The 'Note for Guidance on the Quality, Preclinical and Clinical Aspects of Gene Transfer Medicinal Products' outlines the information required to assure the quality of the plasmid DNA intended to be used as a vaccine. It also provides guidance on preclinical safety evaluation and on clinical efficacy and safety evaluation with regard to obtaining marketing authorisation according to Council Regulation No. (EEC) 2309/93. Before initiating a clinical trial, it is necessary to obtain an appraisal from the relevant central and/or local ethics committees, and the competent authority within the member state(s) concerned has to authorise, or be notified of, the clinical trial. Harmonisation of gene therapy and DNA vaccine regulations as well as co-operation between relevant ethics committees and authorities in Europe is currently being improved." @default.
• W100023887 abstract "Byline: Diana Payne My marine science and environmental science students often ask how science relates to their lives, so I developed a four-week ocean unit in which students investigate multiple disciplines and their connections to everyday life. The unit encourages exploration of a topic that considers human activities, values, and abilities and highlights the broader connections between science, technology, and society. The unit was designed using the Multiple Menu Model (Renzulli, Leppien, and Hays 2000), which emphasizes authentic content and processes and places the student in the role of a practicing professional. Students research, communicate, and think like a practicing oceanographer without actually getting wet. Why oceanography? More than 50% of Americans live within 50 miles of the nation's coasts, yet few people understand the important role the ocean plays in the global ecosystem. The biodiversity of the ocean may hold the answers to pivotal concerning medicine, food production, and global climate. Marine genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity may provide insight into principles of conservation biology, population and community ecology, and evolutionary biology. The global ocean ecosystem is under pressure-from the increase in the number of people living near the coasts, to controversies regarding fishing rights, to international conflicts regarding endangered species. The interdisciplinary nature of oceanography and its importance in global issues provide a rich and interesting topic of study. An oceanography overview The initial activities in the unit are designed to stimulate an interest in oceanography, introduce oceanography's interdisciplinary nature, and assess students' prior knowledge. Students begin the unit by considering questions and examining materials at topical interest centers throughout the room (Figure 1). Figure 1. Oceanography central and interest centers. The unit is introduced by asking students to consider central and examine materials assembled at topical interest centers throughout the classroom. Alternatively, student groups can be assigned to produce each of these interest centers, with guidance from the teacher. History and Technology of Ocean Exploration Central question: How do humans study the ocean? Resources: Images, videos and websites of historic and modern oceanographic boats, ships (HMS Challenger, R/V Atlantis), manned submersibles (DSV Alvin, Johnson Sea Link), remotely operated vehicles (ROV Hercules), underwater ocean laboratories (Aquarius), and images from NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), NURC (National Undersea Research Program), and NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Additional reference materials for this center include excerpts from diaries and logs from ocean explorers-including members of the HMS Challenger expedition, Charles Darwin, Captain James Cook, William Beebe, Sylvia Earle, Bob Ballard-and from the Dive and Discover and Ocean Explorer websites. The Influence of Access to the Ocean on Culture and Politics Central question: Why are most major cities throughout history located near water? Resources: Images, videos, and text from great coastal cities such as Alexandria, Egypt; Istanbul (Constantinople), Turkey; Auckland, New Zealand; New London, Connecticut; and San Francisco, California. Reference materials may also include documents discussing the establishment of Marine Protected Areas and Marine Sanctuaries throughout the world. A copy of the recently ratified Ocean Commission Report (www.oceancommission.gov) is an important resource on the web. Reference materials on topical global ocean issues, including whaling, trawling, seal hunting, and fishing can be obtained from a variety of print and web media. Life in the Ocean Central question: What organisms live in the ocean? …" @default.
• W1000239235 abstract "Whole blood samples were obtained from 106 unrelated male individuals living in Metro Manila, Philippines, through the Department of Health, Manila. DNA was extracted by isopropanol fractionation-sodium iodide precipitation (4) and quantified by spectrophotometry. Nine Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STR's) were analyzed from a population sample of 106 unrelated males by means of a quadruplex PCR (DYS393, DYS19, DYS392, DYS385-I/II) and a triplex PCR (DYS390, DYS389-I/II, and DYS391)." @default.
• W1000239243 abstract "Purpose: Dosimetric errors in radiotherapy dose delivery lead to suboptimal treatments and outcomes. This work reviews the frequency and severity of dosimetric and programmatic errors identified by on-site audits performed by the IROC Houston QA center. Methods: IROC Houston on-site audits evaluate absolute beam calibration, relative dosimetry data compared to the treatment planning system data, and processes such as machine QA. Audits conducted from 2000-present were abstracted for recommendations, including type of recommendation and magnitude of error when applicable. Dosimetric recommendations corresponded to absolute dose errors >3% and relative dosimetry errors >2%. On-site audits of 1020 accelerators at 409 institutions were reviewed. Results: A total of 1280 recommendations were made (average 3.1/institution). The most common recommendation was for inadequate QA procedures per TG-40 and/or TG-142 (82% of institutions) with the most commonly noted deficiency being x-ray and electron off-axis constancy versus gantry angle. Dosimetrically, the most common errors in relative dosimetry were in small-field output factors (59% of institutions), wedge factors (33% of institutions), off-axis factors (21% of institutions), and photon PDD (18% of institutions). Errors in calibration were also problematic: 20% of institutions had an error in electron beam calibration, 8% had an error in photon beam calibration, and 7% had an error in brachytherapy source calibration. Almost all types of data reviewed included errors up to 7% although 20 institutions had errors in excess of 10%, and 5 had errors in excess of 20%. The frequency of electron calibration errors decreased significantly with time, but all other errors show non-significant changes. Conclusion: There are many common and often serious errors made during the establishment and maintenance of a radiotherapy program that can be identified through independent peer review. Physicists should be cautious, particularly in areas highlighted herein that show a tendency for errors." @default.
• W1000239301 abstract "Although the women issue has been founded as a political issue several decades ago, along with the development of the new wave feminism, or neo-feminism, that brought to changes in the approach within the whole series of social issues, only with the emergence of the green movement and forwarding of green issues as political women issues as well as environmental issues, have they assumed a new importance within eco-femininist alternative groups Eco-feminism encompasses different approaches, from liberal to eco-centric eco-feminism groups. In the course of numerous discussions between eco-feminist and feminist groups and their standpoints, there are also other intrinsic environmental groups and their standpoints, from which most prominent is the group representing deep ecology viewpoints, with which eco-feminist orientations are frequently in disagreement. Regardless of, however, certain disagreement within certain eco-feminist groups and their approaches, some of which are even useless or derogatory for (eco)feminism, as well as of conflicts with the deep ecology, from the stondpoint of social ecology it is important to take into account and take into consideration all these (eco)feminist standpoints, because they direct us to the situation where we should move behind faulty dualism of the opinion model that characterises West social and philosophic tradition, and towards which women are inferior to men, nature towards culture, emotions towards reason and body towards mind, under the condition that we want to achieve environmentally harmonious living, integrating nature with culture into an organic eco-cultural whole" @default.
• W100023938 abstract "Cogeneration incentives which provided buyback rates at full avoided cost have presented utility commissions with such a wealth of alternatives to new construction that many states now have to back-pedal in order to protect ratepayers. Articles in this issue relate how California, Connecticut, New York, Massachusetts, and other states are adopting alternatives to the standard rate approach by moving toward bidding, limited access, and other approaches. Cogenerators and small power producers will find only rare opportunities in the future to produce power for the full avoided cost." @default.
• W1000239413 abstract "DOI: 10.1049/cp:20061450 ISBN: 0 86341 644 6 Location: Hangzhou, China Conference date: 6-9 Nov. 2006 Format: PDF This paper addressed the design, implementation and evaluation of a low bit-rate wideband speech coding algorithm HSBE-LPC based on harmonic sinusoidal speech model (HSSM) and linear predictive coding technique. An improved HSSM was presented, where an improved sub-harmonic-harmonic high precision pitch algorithm to detect pitch, exacting frequency offsets and the SEEVOC to get envelope. The voiced possibility was iteratively computed combined with the least square method of sinusoidal speech model (SSM) technique on the basis of the obtained pitch and envelope. A split vector quantization method with dynamic time warping to search codebook is used to encode LPC parameters obtained from amplitudes. The algorithm calculated LPC in frequency domain and picked up harmonic offsets to ensure high quality of re-construct speech. Simulation results and the mean opinion score (MOS) indicate that the proposed algorithm can reduce speech coding rate with high accuracy for speech parameter analysis, easy on-line realization and satisfied synthesis speech quality. (4 pages) Inspec keywords: speech coding; linear predictive coding; least squares approximations; signal reconstruction; frequency-domain analysis; vocoders; speech synthesis; vector quantisation Subjects: Interpolation and function approximation (numerical analysis); Speech and audio coding; Codecs, coders and decoders" @default.
• W1000239466 abstract "CLIGEN is a stochastic weather generator to reproduce, statistically, daily weather variables, and CLIGEN output has been used to simulate the impact of climate change on runoff and soil erosion in other parts of the world. There is little research on how to change parameter values for the stochastic weather generator based on observed weather data in regions where rainfall has significantly decreased. The aim of this paper is to develop a method based on available historical data to adjust CLIGEN parameter values when rainfall has gradually but significantly decreased. In southwest of Western Australia (SWWA), annual rainfall has shown a significant trend since the mid-1920s. Although the annual rainfall has clearly decreased during the last 90 years, the variation in monthly and daily rainfall is not as clear as annual rainfall. This study has focused on CLIGEN parameter values for the daily rainfall amount to investigate correlations between variation of daily and annual rainfall for SWWA. Long-term (90 years) daily rainfall data from Wilgarrup in this region were used to examine decadal variations in rainfall and to evaluate the changes to CLIGEN parameter values with a gradual decrease in annual rainfall. Average rainfall on wet days, standard deviations, skewness coefficients, and probabilities of a wet day following a wet day and a wet day following a dry day were analysed for each of 54 series of 30-year periods (starting from 1926 to 1979, finishing from 1955 to 2008) for Wilgarrup in SWWA. This paper shows that for the wet months in winter, there are similarities between changes in annual rainfall and changes in mean daily rainfall, standard deviation, the probability of a wet day following a dry day and mean monthly rainfall. There is little evidence to suggest the need to adjust skewness coefficients, wet day following a day wet probabilities or wet day following a dry day to simulate changes in mean monthly rainfall for this region. This paper also shows a relationship between trends in mean monthly rainfall and mean daily rainfall. These results indicate CLIGEN parameter values can be adjusted to reproduce the decline trend for the region in SWWA." @default.
• W100023956 abstract "Significant progress on quantifying state and trends in vegetation structure in Queensland, Australia, has been made by integrating in-situ measurements with satellite imaging datasets. Large field-based inventory and monitoring programs are expensive to maintain and there is often insufficient resources to accurately capture the spatial and temporal variability in structure, especially for scaling up to satellite remote sensing. Airborne lidar is an active remote sensing technology that provides quantitative information on the three dimensional structure of vegetation. Previous research has shown that lidar technology increases the scope and accuracy of metrics quantifying vegetation structure across a range of environments, however most commercial lidar systems are discrete return with different sensor and system properties between instruments. Details on these differences are often proprietary, which has made repeatable estimates of biophysical variables from different instruments difficult. There has been little investigation into the use of airborne waveform lidar technology for improving the estimation of canopy structure parameters for forest and woodlands in Queensland, Australia, or other areas. The aim of this research is to investigate methods for measuring the structure of forests and woodlands in Queensland, Australia, using waveform lidar remote sensing. This requires lidar derived estimates of vegetation structure parameters that are of comparable or higher accuracy than field measurements. These data are to be used to support the retrieval of biophysical attributes and detecting change from satellite and airborne remote sensing data over large areas. This thesis is divided into five chapters, with Chapters 2--4 each addressing a main research objective. The objective of Chapter 2 was to investigate if waveform lidar data can improve the estimation of canopy gap probability from airborne platforms. The objective of Chapter 3 was to determine the impact of sensor and survey properties on the estimation of vegetation structure parameters from waveform and discrete return lidar data. Finally, the objective of Chapter 4 was to develop and validate a practical approach for estimating foliage projective cover, leaf area index, and crown cover across multiple bioregions in Queensland, Australia. In Chapter 2 of this thesis, the estimation of canopy gap probability from small footprint waveform lidar was investigated using a RIEGL LMS-Q680i waveform lidar dataset acquired at multiple flying heights over a eucalypt dominated savanna in north eastern Australia. A method for estimating canopy/ground volumetric backscatter coefficients and canopy gap probability from small footprint waveform lidar data was presented, and compared to canopy gap probability estimates derived using published discrete return based methods. The waveform method produced consistently higher accuracy than discrete return methods in reference to field measurements of canopy gap probability, however the waveform method was sensitive to the statistical distribution of canopy and ground waveform integrals. Estimates of canopy gap probability from the waveform method also exhibited less variance than discrete return methods under varying flying heights. However, it was difficult to isolate the impacts of different sensor and airborne survey properties on the observed bias and variance. If validated, lidar simulations would have allowed a quantitative understanding of the limits on retrieval imposed by the interaction between sensor and survey properties, canopy structure and the signal-to-noise of waveforms. Such a modelling approach has not been developed for small footprint waveform lidar in Australian savannas. In Chapter 3, a simulation approach was developed to quantify the impact of airborne lidar sensor and survey properties on the estimation of gap probability profiles. Ground measurements of radiometry and vegetation structure at the leaf, plant and stand scales were used to construct geometrically explicit mixed tree-grass savanna scenes. Monte Carlo ray tracing was used to simulate the propagation of laser pulses through the scenes. Validation of scene structure parameters using field measurements of vegetation cover and area metrics showed close correspondence. There was greater variation in measured within-crown canopy gap probability than modelled. Further research is required to improve parameterisation of within-crown Eucalypt structure. Lidar simulations were run with sensor and survey properties matching a RIEGL LMS-Q680i waveform lidar dataset acquired at multiple flying heights. The simulated waveform and discrete return gap probability profiles replicated the direction and magnitude of bias in observed profiles. Simulation experiments performed across a realistic range of flying height, beam divergence and pulse rate values found that the sensitivity of discrete return gap probability profiles to footprint size was dependent on pulse energy transmission losses. Waveform gap probability profiles were insensitive to all sensor and survey properties, except when the signal-to-noise was very low. This was particularly evident at the short-wave infra-red wavelength of some commercial lidar instruments. Results showed that the modelling approach can be used to quantify bias in vegetation structure parameters derived from waveform and discrete return lidar datasets with disparate sensor and survey properties. Chapter 4 used existing gap probability theory to initiate development of a practical approach to the estimation of foliage projective cover, leaf area index and crown cover from airborne waveform lidar data. RIEGL LMS Q560 and Q680i waveform lidar transects were collated across eight bioregions in eastern Australia. Estimates of canopy/ground volumetric backscatter coefficients were derived from the waveforms and directional gap probability profiles were estimated. Field transect measurements were used to develop calibration factors for the estimation of foliage projective cover and leaf area index from these products. Crown cover was estimated by a model that accounts for the within crown and stand scale clumping of foliage. Comparisons were conducted for lidar derived estimates of foliage projective cover, leaf area index and crown cover with: (i) field transect estimates of foliage projective cover and crown cover; (ii) ground based lidar and hemispherical photography estimates of leaf area index; and (iii) lidar estimates from repeat flight paths. A key finding of the comparison was that the waveform and discrete return lidar estimates were repeatable and of comparable accuracy to the traditional field based techniques. However, spatial and temporal variation in the wood-to-total-plant-area ratio introduced error in some environments and in cases of tree mortality. Further research to separate wood and foliage plant area, ideally with multi-spectral lidar systems, is required to address this limitation. The key implication from the findings of this research for measuring the structure of forests and woodlands in Queensland, Australia, is that waveform lidar should be strongly considered in preference to discrete return data for estimating canopy gap probability, since biophysical models may then be transferable between waveform lidar datasets acquired using different instruments in different environments without the need for ground calibration. In the absence of field calibration, discrete return methods will introduce uncertainty into the detection of change. In addition, methods, tools and software libraries have been advanced to quantify the impact of airborne lidar sensor and survey properties and their interaction with canopy structure on waveform and discrete return lidar data products, and to apply airborne lidar data to the estimation of canopy gap probability and key vegetation cover metrics across multiple bioregions in Queensland, Australia. As these bioregions represent typical savanna vegetation communities, they may potentially be used in similar forest and woodland environments throughout the world." @default.
• W1000241388 abstract "Activin A, which is a signaling molecule similar to Nodal, rapidly promotes endoderm induction of both embryonic stem (ES) cells and MSCs. Protocols for hepatic induction exhibit differences in efficiency and reproducibility depending on the specific methods or sources of MSCs. We characterized the effects of Activin A concentration on induction efficiency during hepatic differentiation of MSCs. Human MSCs (hMSCs) were differentiated into a hepatic lineage via a three-step protocol. Cells were first cultured in fetal bovine serum-free MSCs conditioned medium supplemented with Activin A (20, 50, or 100 ng/mL) for 3 days followed by treatment with additional agents. RT-PCR analysis, immunocytochemistry assays, periodic acid and Schiff's solution staining, and ELISAs were performed to confirm hepatic induction of hMSCs. Expression of genes related to the primitive foregut endoderm was observed in cells treated with higher concentration of Activin A. Gene expression related to functional primitive hepatocytes was observed in the early phases of hepatic differentiation. During the early period of the differentiation protocol, greater albumin secretion was observed when cells were treated with higher concentrations of Activin A.Thus, Activin A concentration affects the rate of endoderm induction of hMSCs, and at higher concentrations in vitro." @default.
• W100024144 abstract "The pineapple plant (Ananas comosus) was shown to contain at least four distinct cysteine proteinases, which were purified by a procedure involving active-site-directed affinity chromatography. The major proteinase present in extracts of plant stem was stem bromelain, whilst fruit bromelain was the major proteinase in the fruit. Two additional cysteine proteinases were detected only in the stem: these were ananain and a previously undescribed enzyme that we have called comosain. Stem bromelain, fruit bromelain and ananain were shown to be immunologically distinct. Enzymic characterization revealed differences in both substrate-specificities and inhibition profiles. A study of the cysteine proteinase derived from the related bromeliad Bromelia pinguin (pinguinain) indicated that in many respects it was similar to fruit bromelain, although it was found to be immunologically distinct." @default.
• W1000241599 abstract "In a 3-year field study, from 51 to 1% of seed of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic) planted at 1 and 6-inch depths, respectively, produced established plants. Utilizing a microplot technique, 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s -triazine (atrazine) and the ammonium salt of 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben) were applied at 2 and 3 lb/A, respectively, at soil depths of 0, 2, and 4 inches. Velvetleaf seed were planted at depths of 1, 2, and 3 inches. Compared with the number of plants establishing in untreated plots, surface-applied amiben reduced the number of established plants 39, 23, and 29% from seed planted at depths of 1, 2, and 3 inches, respectively. Amiben at or below seed depth gave over 95% control, and when applied below the soil surface but above the seed, 86% control. Atrazine, surface-applied, reduced weed establishment 33, 62, and 85% from seed planted at depths of 1, 2, and 3 inches, respectively. When atrazine was at, below, or above the seed but below the soil surface, control was 96% or higher." @default.
• W1000242472 abstract "ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung von Vertrauen für Beratungsprozesse ist kaum zu überschätzen. Vertrauen garantiert zwar keinen Beratungserfolg, erleichtert aber die Arbeit. Die folgenden Überlegungen fokussieren die Face-to-face- Beratung, wie sie etwa in der Supervision oder im Coaching als arbeitsweltliche Beratung angeboten und nachgefragt wird. Terminologisch sei der Klient als Vertrauensgeber und der Berater als Vertrauensnehmer bezeichnet und gefragt, unter welchen Bedingungen der Klient dem Berater vertraut und welche Folgen es hat, wenn er dies nicht (mehr) tut." @default.
• W1000243580 abstract "This study aim is to examine the relationship between economic value added (EVA, return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE) with market value added (MVA) in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The sample involves 87 non - financial companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) over the period 2004–2008. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression method was employed to analysis the scondary data. The results indicated there are meaningful correlation between EVA, and ROE with MVA, but there is not meaningful association between ROA and MVA." @default.
• W100024448 abstract "Molecular Dynamics has been a field using the most advanced computer systems for decades to perform simulations. Sophisticated methods with complicated potentials and parallelized implementations h ..." @default.
• W100024457 abstract "Worldwide there is a large research effort into technologies for the sequestration of CO2 due to the overwhelming concern of what might happen if there is a runaway greenhouse effect. One potential technology being pursued examines whether the enormous reserves of magnesium silicates in the earth could be converted to magnesium carbonate which is considered to be a safer option than the storage of supercritical CO2 deep underground. But a viable technology has not been found because the use of acid and base, in the traditional processing sense, is prohibitive due to the scale and need for both low energy and low cost. One idea that might circumvent this problem is to use a regenerable buffer to enable both low pH for Mg dissolution and high pH for MgCO3 carbonation. Given that the magnesium silicate reserves of interest also contain significant levels of Ni, it could be worthwhile to combine the CO2 sequestration pursuit with the pursuit of Ni extraction, whereby a symbiotic relationship exists and the two operations can assist each other to achieve technical, environmental and economic process goals. This paper presents our work to date on the use of a tertiary amine as a regenerable buffer, including a process concept. We have found that both tripropylamine and triethylamine are capable of raising the pH of an acidic solution to over 8 and therefore able to precipitate MgCO3 when added to the extract solution from the treatment of serpentinite with HCl while low pressures of CO2 are also sparged into the solution. Precipitation of the carbonate was found to occur within minutes. It has been found that the amine can be regenerated through heating to over 80oC. Preliminary work has shown that the pH can be decreased to 3.4. The precise mechanism for regeneration is still being established, however, it appears that when heated, the miscibility of triethylamine in water decreases dramatically and that phase separation of it might be the driving force for the dissociation of protons from the amine. Future work is focused on: Potential for amines to be regenerated such that the corresponding acid concentration is capable of dissolving both Mg and Ni from serpentinites in a reasonable timeframe; evaluation of technical feasibility of each unit operation needed for the overall process; determination of potential for selective precipitation of Mg and Ni carbonates; identification of optimum amine and acid counter ion. If the process is successful with a sulphate counter ion there is also the potential to treat Mg sulphate tailings to regenerate sulphuric acid." @default.
• W100024490 abstract "Background: The early supplementation feeding is the preferred practices in the rural community, especially traditional infant feeding practices. That practices can affect on the infant health seriously, because it's gastrointestinal tract is not ready to receive it and because of the risk of bacterial contamination, finally it can affect on its morbidity and nutritional status.Objective: The study was conducted(1) To examine the effect of traditional infant feeding practices to Acute Respiratory Infections and Diarrhea of infant (2) to examine the effect of traditional infant feeding practices on nutritional status gain of infant at their first 4 months.Study Design: The study was cohort design. The exposure group was infant whom traditional infant feeding exposed, and outcome was diarrhoea' and ARI diseases, and nutritional status gain (z score gain of W/A index). Observation was done to 157 infants during their first 4 months. Body weight data were collected every month; data of morbidity and infant feeding practices were collected every two weeks.Result & Conclusions: At the first 1 month of infant life, there was 19.7 % infants who were given traditional infant feeding, at the first 2 months 25,5 %, at the first 3 months 32,5 %, and at the first 4 months 38,2 %. Overall, early traditional infant feeding practices had significant effect on the episode of Diarrhea, but had no significant effect on the duration of Diarrhea, or on the duration and episode of ARI Base on the age, early traditional infant feeding practices had significant effect on the episode and duration of AM at the first 1-month and significant effect on the episode of Diarrhea at the first 2 months. Traditional infant feeding practices did not significantly affect on the nutritional status gain of infant, but the episode of Diarrhea did.Conclusions, traditional infant feeding did not affect on the infant growth directly at the their first 4 months. However, for those at the first 4 months, it could increase the episode of Diarrhea, and for those at the first 1-month it could increase the episode and the duration of ARI. Increasing episode of Diarrhea had a negative effect on the infant growth at their first 4 months of life.Recommendation: to decrease the infants Diarrhea and ARI morbidity can be done by socialirAtion of infant feeding practices timely, and to know the long term effect of early traditional infant feeding practices need the continuity research.Latar Belakang : Pemberian makanan pendamping Air Susu Ibu (MP-ASI) pada usia dini adalah praktek yang disukai di masyarakat pedesaan, terutama pemberian makanan tradisional. Praktek demikian diperkirakan dapat seen serius mempengaruhi kesehatan bayi, karena alat pencemaan belum siap menerimanya dan jugs adanya risiko kontaminasi bakteri, yang akhimya dapat mempengaruhi kesakitan dan status gizi bayi. Tujnan Penelltian Penelitian itti bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis pengaruh praktek pemberian MP-ASI tradisional terhadap ISPA dan diare bayi pada 4 bulan pertama kehidupannya; (2) menganalisis pengaruh praktek pemberian MP-ASI tradisional terhadap perubahan status gizi bayi pada 4 bulan pertama kehidupannya.Disain penelitian : Penelitian dengan disain kohort. Kelompok terpapar adalah bayi yang terpapar pemberian makanan tradisional dan sebagai keluarannya adalah gejala diare dan ISPA, serta perubahan status gizi (delta z-score BB/U). Data berg badan dikumpulkan setiap bulan, data morbiditas dan praktek pemberian makanan bayi dikumpulkan setiap dua minggu.Had dan Kesimpulan: Pada sebulan pertama kehidupan bayi terdapat 19,7 % bayi yang telah diberi MP-ASI tradisional, pada dua bulan pertama 25,5 %, pada tiga bulan pertama 32,5 % dan pada 4 bulan pertama kehidupan bayi 38,2 %. Secara keseluruhan praktek pemberian MP-ASI tradisional berpengaruh signifikan terhadap episode diare, tetapi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap durasi diare atau duarasi dan episode ISPA. Berdasarkan stratifikasi menurut umur, praktek pemberian MP-ASI tradisional berpengaruh signifikan terhadap episode dan durasi ISPA pada sebulan pertama kehidupan bayi. Praktek pemberian MP-ASI tradisional tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perubahan status gizi bayi, tetapi episode diary berpengaruh signifikan. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pemberian MP-ASI tradisional tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap pertumbuhan bayi pada 4 bulan pertama kehidupannya_ Tetapi pemberian MP-ASI tradisional pada 4 bulan pertama kehidupan bayi dapat meningkatkan episode diare. Peningkatan episode diare mempunyai pengaruh negatif terhadap status gizi bayi pada 4 bulan pertama kehidupannya.Rekomendasi untuk menurunkan kesakitan diare dan ISPA bayi dapat dilakukan dengan mensosialisasikan waktu pemberian MP-ASI pada usia yang tepat; dan untuk mengetahui efek jangka panjang dari pemberian MP-ASI tradisional dini dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut." @default.
• W1000245105 abstract "Radiochemistry or nuclear chemistry is the study of radiation from an atomic and molecular perspective, including elemental transformation and reaction effects, as well as physical, health and medical properties. This revised edition of one of the earliest and best-known books on the subject has been updated to bring into teaching the latest developments in research and the current hot topics in the field. To further enhance the functionality of this text, the authors have added numerous teaching aids, examples in MathCAD with variable quantities and options, hotlinks to relevant text sections from the book, and online self-grading tests." @default.
• W1000245191 abstract "This chapter presents an introduction to asset & liability management (ALM). ALM is the term covering tools and techniques used by a bank to minimise exposure to market risk and liquidity risk whilst achieving its profit objectives, through holding the optimum combination of assets and liabilities. In the context of a banking book, pure ALM would attempt to match precisely the timing and value of cash outflows of assets with the inflows of liabilities. Asset and liability management also covers banking procedures dealing with balance sheet structure, funding policy, and regulatory and capital issues and profit targets. The ALM policy of a commercial bank will keep this risk at an acceptable level, given the institution's appetite for risk and expectations of future interest rate levels. Liquidity and interest-rate risk are interdependent issues, although the risks they represent are distinct." @default.
• W100024524 abstract "Using PFG NMR the coefficients of molecular self-diffusion in the two different channel types of ZSM-5 as well as in the direction perpendicular to them have been measured. Molecular mobility in unidimensional channel systems is found to be by at least one to two orders of magnitude smaller. This finding is attributed to the combined influence of the stabilization effect of the zeolite lattice and single-file diffusion. The peculiarities of single-file diffusion in comparison with ordinary diffusion are elaborated by random walk theory and Monte Carlo simulations." @default.
• W1000245955 abstract "基于多元随机分析以及统计物理,建立了在系统强度与应力干涉下具有初始失效的多个状态以及多个相依子系统的可靠性模型. 在条件序列统计量的定义下推导了系统随机强度向量的概率密度函数;考虑各个子系统内零部件间的相干性,给出了不同结构的系统可靠性评估,将任意干涉系统可靠性表示为所有(n－i+1)/n(1≤i≤n)型冗余系统可靠性的线性组合. 为验证模型的有效性,基于二维Pareto分布给出了一个工程上的实例分析." @default.
• W100024650 abstract "The MI patient can experience powerlessness through loss of personal control. The feeling of powerlessness can limit the patient's ability to understand the diagnosis of MI, care or decisions necessary to restore health. The MI patient can react by experiencing a sense of physiological, cognitive, environmental and decisional loss of control. Regardless of the specific component of the powerless model, the coronary care nurse diagnoses powerlessness according to defining characteristics. Nursing interventions are organized to facilitate physiological, cognitive, environmental and decisional powerfulness. Research is needed to clarify the MI patient's perception of control or lack of control within each component of the presented model, and to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions created to foster personal control or uncontrol. Research will enable the nurse to scientifically determine strategies and outcomes that correlate with the patient's need for control in the illness situation." @default.
• W1000247197 abstract "In the brief window between the announcement of the Hays Code censorship guidelines in 1930 and the creation of a body with sufficient resources to implement them in 1934, Hollywood studios were able to portray America with a realism previously unseen in its history. Here, Mike Mashon explores the history of demands for a system of moral oversight and shows how conservatives lobbied to enforce it, while James Bell examines the new-found freedoms filmmakers enjoyed in their depiction of taboo subjects from adultery and poverty to crime." @default.
• W1000247366 abstract "In New phenomenology in France, Laszlo Tengelyi invites us to think about the transformed relationship between the notions of possibility and reality in the contemporary French phenomenology. To justify his thesis, he proposes to examine Marc Richir’s criticism of «transcendental Ideals» in Husserl’s and Heidegger’s phenomenology. In considering, next to Tengelyi, Richir’s revisit of phenomenology as an extension of the Kantian criticism of ontotheological metaphysics, the present study aims to develop three main ideas. First, it scrutinizes Kantian criticism of the ontological argument in Critique of Pure Reason. The ontological argument considers transcendental Ideal as a reality, with there being confusion between an object of pure thinking and one of knowledge. Second, this study aims to clarify the way in which Richir also applies Kantian criticism to Husserl’s transcendental eidetics as well as to Heidegger’s existential analytic, in Experience of Thinking – Phenomenology, Philosophy, Mythology and Phantasia, Imagination, Affecitivity. On the one hand, by analyzing Husserlian manuscripts on transcendental intersubjectivity, Richir uncovers a disguised form of the transcendental Ideal, incorporated in the notion of form of essence or «Eidos» of the existing I; this notion is presupposed as a condition of passage from the possibility to the reality of the Other. On the other hand, Richir discovers in the Heideggerian description of «anticipation of death» in Being and Time, a dissimulated concept of the transcendental Ideal that takes a form of the Dasein’s «ownmost» [eigenst] factual possibility. Ultimately, the main purpose of the current study is to show that contemporary French phenomenology intends to release itself from the transcendental Ideal, which is considered a reality that presupposes the total sum of possibilities." @default.
• W100024747 abstract "Caregivers provide assistance for their family member with multiple sclerosis (MS) for an indefinite amount of time. Using Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) stress process theory as a theoretical framework, this study investigated the relationship of gender, current health problems, perceived stress, ways of coping, social support, control of internal states, and family adaptation to develop an adjustment model for caregivers of people with MS. Ninety caregivers participated in this study. Path analysis was used to evaluate the hypothesized relationships. The test of this model showed fit indices that indicated an excellent fit for the model (χ 2 = 18.373, p = 0.366; NFI = 0.892; CFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.03). The finding shows that positive coping strategies enhanced caregiver's control of internal states and subsequently led caregivers to seek social support and in turn, caregivers perceived family function positively. control of internal states, positive coping strategies, and social support buffered the negative effect from caregiver's stressors on family adjustment." @default.
• W100024758 abstract "In literature several methods have been proposed to evaluate Customer Satisfaction (CS), often based on the gap concept. This paper sets a strategy of integrated analysis which in the presence of several observations for the same statistical unit, divides the gap between customer’s quality expectation and quality perception into further elements to be analyzed in order to improve the service quality." @default.

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