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- Bfd4f676e5105dd05e9a02bcf362eac7f NCIT_P378 "BIOCARTA" @default.
- Bfd4f676e5105dd05e9a02bcf362eac7f type Axiom @default.
- Bfd4f676e5105dd05e9a02bcf362eac7f annotatedProperty NCIT_P325 @default.
- Bfd4f676e5105dd05e9a02bcf362eac7f annotatedSource NCIT_C39061 @default.
- Bfd4f676e5105dd05e9a02bcf362eac7f annotatedTarget "Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in the control of translation by eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2). eIF-2 binds GTP and Met-tRNAi and transfers the Met-tRNA to the 40S subunit, to form the 43S preinitiation complex. Later in the cycle, prior to elongation, the bound GTP is hydrolyzed, releasing eIF-2-GDP. For eIF-2 to promote another round of initiation, GDP must be exchanged for GTP, a reaction catalyzed by eIF-2B. Kinases activated by viral infection (PKR), endoplasmic reticulum stress (PERK/PEK), amino acid deprivation (GCN2), and hemin deficiency (HRI) can phosphorylate the a subunit of eIF-2. This phosphorylation stabilizes the eIF-2-GDP-eIF-2B complex, inhibiting the turnover of eIF-2B. eIF-2B is also inhibited by GSK-3b phosphorylation. These events result in a shut-down of cellular protein synthesis and can lead to apoptosis. (This definition may be outdated - see the DesignNote.)" @default.