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- e0f3c16d-2155-4a65-b4be-f7515d97a7a2 definition "Background: In 1982/83 one of the largest forest fires of this century raged for several months through an estimated 5 million ha of Borneo's tropical rainforests. The Indonesian province East Kalimantan was the area worst hit by the burning. Since then, fire has been a recurring feature on the island of Borneo, burning large areas in 1986, 1991, 1994 and 1997/98. In 1997/98, the fires again hit East Kalimantan very hard, an estimated 5.2 mio ha of land was burned during this time. The haze from these fires covered the South East Asian region for weeks, causing health problems, disruption to shipping and aviation, culminating in the closure of international airports. Economic losses and ecological damage were enormous. Wildfires in Indonesia are almost always human caused. A large percentages of all wildfires result from escaped land-clearing fires, or are a result of land use conflicts and land speculation. Fire is the most common tool used by smallholders as well as for the agro- and forest industries to prepare the land. Increasingly Indonesia's fire and haze problem is being ascribed to large-scale forest conversion and land clearing activities (pulp wood, rubber tree and oil palm plantations). The fires can be ascribed as a symptom for the under lying problems of land use planning as well as conflicts over land use. Without solving these issues fire management will not be successful. An extreme fire season usually occurs every 3-5 years, when the climate in Indonesia becomes exceptionally dry due to the 'El Ni?o Southern Oscillation'. Project Description: During Phase I (1994-1997) of IFFM, an appropriate level of fire protection, training needs, suitable equipment, necessary fire intelligence, institutional and structural support were evaluated and determined in a pilot area. Cooperation with relevant government agencies and timber concessionaires has been ongoing. At the village level, socio-economic studies have been carried out to elaborate a concept of community-based fire management and to organise volunteer fire response crews. Fire prevention material has been produced to raise public awareness. Since the second phase, the scheme determined in the Bukit Soeharto pilot area has been replicated in other areas of East Kalimantan. Local fire centres at all the 10 Cabang Dinas Kehutanan (District Forest Offices) as well as National Parks are being established and equipped, and personnel at all levels trained to prevent and respond to wildfires. These local fire centres will form the core of a fire management system for the! province. The provincial fire centre in Samarinda, located at DINAS Kehutanan, will coordinate fire management activities in East Kalimantan. It will collect information from the local offices, provide fire intelligence (fire hot spot locations, fire danger rating, radio communications) and coordinate the sharing of equipment and fire-fighting personnel between fire stations. Contact: Integrated Forest Fire Management Project (IFFM) Jl. Harmonika, Komp. Dinas Kehutanan Tromol Pos 826 (KT), Samarinda 75001, INDONESIA Tel.: ++62 541 732625 Fax.: ++62 541 733519 E-mail:iffmfire@samarinda.org Project homepage: 'http://www.iffm.org/' [Summary provided by IFFM]" @default.
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