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- W1001019898 abstract "This chapter summarizes on the production of spores, called sporulation, dormacy, and disposal. Sexual sporulation is sometimes referred to as “sexual reproduction” and asexual sporulation as “asexual reproduction.” Spores have two major roles in the life of the fungus—dispersal to a new site or survival until favourable conditions return. Sporulation is sensitive to environmental factors and may be prevented by conditions of temperature, illumination or humidity that would not adversely affect vegetative growth. A wide variety of culture systems can be utilized for obtaining fungal sporulation: surface culture on agar media, surface culture on liquid media, submerged culture, continuous culture, sporulation on solid substrates, and microcycle sporulation. The production of spores requires proper nutritional and environmental conditions. Survival spores are liberated by the lysis of the hyphae or fruiting bodies, on which they are borne. The dispersal of fungal spores is passive and it occurs by air, water, animal, and seed. During dormancy, morphological changes do not occur and the metabolic rate is much lower than in vegetative cells of the same species. Spore germination involves the initiation of biochemical activities absent in the dormant phase, a gradual increase in metabolic rates towards the levels normal in vegetative cells, and morphological changes, the most striking of which is the emergence of a germ-tube. The spores of fungi commonly swell in the course of germination. Relapse into dormancy will occur only if unfavorable conditions are sensed." @default.
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- W1001019898 date "2001-01-01" @default.
- W1001019898 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W1001019898 title "Spores, Dormancy and Dispersal" @default.
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- W1001019898 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012738445-0/50021-6" @default.
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