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- W1008932009 abstract "This thesis reports an investigation of the formation of zeolite scales in the industrialextraction of alumina from bauxite ore. These materials have been characterised bypowder x-ray and neutron diffraction, infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electronmicroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.Samples of zeolite scale were removed from both low temperature (c.a. 135°C) andhigh temperature (c.a. 220°C) Bayer plants and analysed. At low temperature thescale crystallises predominantly as natrodavyne with minority phases of sodalite andcancrinite whilst at high temperature the cancrinite phase is exclusively formed.Although a variety of different anions are present in both the scale and the liquor insmall amounts (e.g sulphate, hydroxide, vanadate, and oxalate) the majority anions,with apparently controlling influence, are the carbonate and hydroxide anions.Laboratory experiments using the representative anions in Bayer liquor (hydroxide,carbonate, oxalate, sulphate and chloride) as a function of temperature (90° - 225°C)and anion concentration (10-3- lO-IM) were performed using hydrothermal methods.Sulphate formed cancrinite at all temperatures and concentrations and sodalite wasconsistently formed for both oxalate and chloride anions. However, both temperatureand concentration were critical in the case of carbonate where sodalite andintermediate phase dominated at low temperatures and concentrations but at hightemperature and concentration, the cancrinite structure was exclusively formed.Experiments with sodium hydroxide liquors of different concentrations and standingtimes have shown that the cancrinite structure only forms after standing, where carbondioxide is readily absorbed from the air, indicating a pure hydroxycancrinite isunlikely to form. In the absence of standing time, hydroxysodalite is formed at alltemperatures and all concentrations.The addition of concentrations of lime used extensively to remove carbonate fromBayer liquor between 0.013 M and O.13M was also investigated. At highconcentrations the addition oflime results in no zeolite scale being formed." @default.
- W1008932009 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1008932009 date "1999-01-01" @default.
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- W1008932009 title "The investigation of scale formation in the Bayer process" @default.
- W1008932009 hasPublicationYear "1999" @default.
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