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• W101031106 abstract "ABSTRACT This article discusses the fact that the creation of the International Criminal Court (the ICC) is the fulfillment of a goal in international jurisprudence that will improve good governance in states and prevent international crimes. The author aims expose the fact that the competence of the ICC has contributed the development of international criminal law. Furthermore, the article reveals the strength of the ICC in relation its impact on the African continent. Introduction The treaty establishing the International Criminal Court was adopted in Rome on 17 July 1998 when 120 States adopted the Statute on the International Criminal Court following a five-week long Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries. It is called the Rome Statute of the International Criminal 2002 (hereinafter referred as the ICC Statute). The Court has jurisdiction over the most serious crimes of concern the international community namely: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression (Articles 5, 6, and 7, ICC Statute). The ICC's jurisdiction over the above crimes became effective after 1 July 2002 when the Rome Treaty entered into force upon the deposit of the sixtieth instrument of ratification. One of the most critical developments under the Rome Statute is that nobody has immunity from prosecution including heads of State or Government, members of Parliaments, governments, commanders and superiors of military or civilian forces (Article 28, ICC Statute). The International Court of Justice, the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, was designed deal primarily with disputes between States. It has no jurisdiction over matters involving individual criminal responsibility. The principle nullum crimen sine lege is applicable here. The maxim states that there can be no crime committed, and no punishment meted out, without a violation of penal law as it existed at the time of its drafting. Another consequence of this principle is that only those penalties that had already been established for the offence at the time when it was committed can be imposed. This maxim finds expression in the Charter of the United Nations in Article 34 (1), which states that Only States may be parties in cases before the Court, and in Article 22 (1) of the ICC Statute that; A person shall not be criminally responsible under this Statute unless the conduct in question constitutes, at the time it takes place, a crime within the jurisdiction of the However, the preambles of both the UN Charter and the ICC Statute convey the same international vision by states. The UN Charter portrays a determination of states to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war... while in the ICC Statute states are mindful that during this century millions of children, women and men have been victims of unimaginable atrocities that deeply shock the conscience of humanity. Therefore the author sees the ICC Statute as an instrument that fortifies international resolve save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, and ensure that those responsible for perpetrating unimaginable atrocities on women and children are criminally responsible before the international criminal justice system. Being a recent Statute yet be ratified by many States, the author's analysis is based mainly on the Statute provisions, especially as the only cases before it are very few, and few authors have labored research on the Court. Historical Background of the ICC According Bassiouni (1970), it has been a long academic debate identify the legal nature of international crimes committed by individuals and considered as serious violations of the rules of international humanitarian law. However Schwarzenberger (1968) traces the earliest trial for war crimes Peter Von Hagenbach, in the year 1474. Hagenbach, the governor, had been placed at the helm of the government of the fortified city of Breisach, by his boss, Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1433-1477), known his enemies as Charles the Terrible. …" @default.
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• W101031106 title "The International Criminal Court: Creation, Competence, and Impact in Africa" @default.
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