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• W10124121 abstract "Sweden and the United States serve as examples of the active and limited roles governments can play in providing community support services for elders.Independence. Participation. Care. Self-fulfillment. Dignity. These are the mainstays emphasized in U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon's 2011 International Day of Older Persons message to the United Nations (United Nations, 2011). The declarations are clear evidence that interest in global aging includes concern for the well-being and quality of life of older people, not simply a fear of the looming threat of the demographic silver tsunami (Perry, 2009). Governments act on such declarations through legislation and policy that create community support services (CSS) to facilitate elders' quality of life. Examining how different countries approach and deliver CSS provides a crucial insight into how societies define and address quality of life for older adults.This article describes a framework for understanding how different entities support CSS within a social context, then applies that framework to compare and contrast how the United States and Sweden provide CSS. Finally, we discuss how international organizations, in partnership with governments, are aspiring to enhance the place of older adults in communities worldwide.Framework of Actors, Roles, and ResponsibilitiesEvery country, reflected by the local, state-regional, or national policies it enacts, determines what CSS are needed, which entities should provide those services, how they are accessed and by whom, and who covers their cost. Moreover, the CSS available to older adults in any country will reflect that country's philosophy about the role of family, government (local, state-regional, or national), the nonprofit-volunteer sector, and the private sector in supporting CSS. Together, these entities illustrate the range of roles (primary to no involvement; direct or indirect servicedelivery support) for each in providing CSS.Of all the entities in our framework, governments have the potential for the greatest impact on promoting quality of life for older adults via CSS availability and access. If policy makers determine that government will have a role in providing CSS, its role may range from primary involvement through stating quality-of-life goals and ensuring service availability, to having limited involvement or no stated goals. If the government has some role in providing CSS, it may offer services directly or ensure the delivery of a service indirectly, through subsidies to nongovernment providers or to elders.Another matter to consider is who these services will target. Will the target population be universal, or limited by age, income, health status, or citizenship? And, what will be the criteria for accessing services? Eligibility may be universal or based on eligibility gates that limit access by applying additional criteria such as age, income, health status, and ability to financially contribute to the cost of the service.Private sector or nonprofit-volunteer entities also may provide services and receive a subsidy from the government to reduce elders' out-ofpocket costs. Private foundations or donations may also subsidize services provided by nonprofit- volunteer entities, or users may pay directly. Families, as we know, are frequent and direct providers of services to their older family members (Feinberg et al., 2011; Bengtson, 2001). Finally, the government may subsidize a family member's contribution to the care of older relatives through direct payments or indirectly through tax credits; or families may not receive any support from the government.Where Does the United States Stand?The stated declaration of the United States regarding the quality of life for older adults can be found in Title I of the Older Americans Act (OAA). Its broad and far-reaching objectives are oriented toward improving the lives of older adults, including adequate retirement income; suitable housing; the best physical, mental, and restorative health; meaningful participation in civic life; non-discriminatory employment opportunities; dignity in retirement; and full participation in the planning of effective community services (Older Americans Act of 1965). …" @default.
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• W10124121 date "2013-04-01" @default.
• W10124121 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W10124121 title "Considering Quality of Life for Older Adults: A View from Two Countries" @default.
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