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- W1012508352 abstract "Spinal cord injury (SCI) leaves patients partially or entirely unable to activate muscles that are innervated by nerves below the level of injury. Roughly half of SCIs occur above the sixth cervical vertebra, thereby affecting all four limbs and leaving the individuals unable to grasp objects effectively with their hands. There are important changes to both the muscles and the brain that occur as a result of either the injury or subsequent disuse; the essential problem is that motor commands, still formulated in the brain, can no longer reach the muscles. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been used for nearly five decades in an attempt to restore some level of motor function to paralyzed individuals through electrical stimulation of muscles. FES has successfully been applied to provide appropriately timed dorsiflexion for patients suffering foot drop as a result of SCI or stroke, and other systems provide some support for stance or walking. Stimulation of the phrenic nerve has been used in the case of high-level injuries to replace or augment the use of an external ventilator, and systems have been devised to provide bowel and bladder control." @default.
- W1012508352 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1012508352 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W1012508352 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W1012508352 title "Prediction of Muscle Activity from Cortical Signals to Restore Hand Grasp in Subjects with Spinal Cord Injury" @default.
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- W1012508352 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-375027-3.00011-9" @default.
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