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• W1022670252 abstract "The waters off the coast of Tasmania have become gradually warmer and saltierover the past 60 years according to a coast station time series, with sea surface temperaturesrising at a rate more than double the global average. I demonstrate thatthis is related to a strengthening and more southerly reach of the East AustralianCurrent (EAC) extension. The station also shows a strong decadal timescale signalin temperature and salinity. In this thesis, I use a combination of the Maria Islandtime series and Tasman Box XBT sections, 50 year atmosphere and ocean stateestimates, and idealised forcing experiments with a global ocean model to build apicture of how the EAC system is changing, and what is driving it. I find thatchanges at Maria Island are closely related to changes in the wind stress curl in theSouth Pacific, with Maria Island lagging the winds by 3 years. This propagationspeed is too fast for 1st Mode baroclinic Rossby wave adjustment which would take10-15 years, so a faster mechanism is needed.The observed variability at Maria Island is part of a bigger picture of decadal variabilityin the Southwest Pacific region. The EAC takes one of two paths at the pointof separation at 32°S; it either continues down the coast as the EAC Extension, orseparates and flows across the Tasman Sea to New Zealand as the Tasman Front.On decadal timescales either the Tasman Front or the EAC Extension is favoured,which form part of two gyre scale states. When the Tasman Front is favoured, asingle gyre structure is seen, which mainly sits to the north of New Zealand; whereaswhen the EAC extension is favoured, a double gyre structure exists, with a secondgyre centre east of New Zealand. Analysis of ocean reanalyses suggests that an enhancedwind stress curl maximum in the South Pacific appears to favour the EACextension over the Tasman Front.From model forcing experiments, where the wind stress curl maximum is enhancedin a 20°S longitude region for a period of a year, I am able to demonstrate a rapidmechanism by which the EAC can respond to changes in the South Pacific winds.Ocean ridges and islands provide a mechanism for conversion between fast barotropicand slow baroclinic Rossby waves. Due to the position of New Zealand, barotropicRossby waves can travel across to New Zealand, travel around New Zealand as acoastal Kelvin wave, and then take 3 years to cross to interact with the EAC as abaroclinic Rossby wave. This shows that islands and bathymetry, as well as basinsize, can dictate the rate at which oceans respond to changes in wind forcing. Inaddition intrinsic ocean variability exists, so that decadal variability in the oceancan be set up by a single pulse of wind forcing, due to the multiple ways in whichthe ocean responds to wind forcing. The model was also able to recreate the anticorrelationbetween the EAC Extension and the Tasman Front. This thesis illustrates a very close relationship between the variability in the EACwestern boundary current system and basin scale wind stress variability. In additionI identify a rapid mechanism by which the ocean can adjust in the presence ofislands and ridges to explain the observed 3 year time lag. This suggests that bothbarotropic and baroclinic physics are needed to explain the timescales of observedlow frequency variability in the ocean." @default.
• W1022670252 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1022670252 date "2009-01-01" @default.
• W1022670252 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1022670252 title "Wind forced changes and variability in the east Australian current" @default.
• W1022670252 hasPublicationYear "2009" @default.
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