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- W102409749 abstract "Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (epsmcc) is rare and represents a clinicopathologic entity distinct from pulmonary small-cell carcinoma. It has been described in all anatomic sites outside the central nervous system1, but most commonly involves the gastrointestinal tract (git), the genitourinary and reproductive systems, the salivary glands and sinuses, and lymph nodes1,2. Overall, epsmcc represents 0.1%–1% of git malignancies3.Within the git, most tumours occur within the large bowel (39%), esophagus (30%), and stomach (8%); only about 3% involve the small bowel4. In a review of epsmcc of the duodenum in 2004, only 9 cases had been reported in the literature5.Clinical presentation often involves weight loss and anorexia, or site-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain, obstruction, bleeding, or mass. Staging workup depends on the site of the primary, but often involves computed tomography (ct) imaging of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, and git endoscopy. Diagnosis is confirmed when biopsy shows small cells with scanty cytoplasm and round nuclei combined with histologic features typical of high-grade neuroendocrine tumours. Staging can be defined by the tumour–node–metastasis (tnm) system, but more commonly uses the Veterans Administration Lung Study Group (valsg) system which identifies two distinct stages: limited stage (ls) or extensive stage (es), based on whether the disease is confined to a locoregional anatomic location or whether it is not.The treatment approach has evolved from being primarily surgical to being centered on chemotherapy, particularly platinum-based regimens. The precise role of surgery in ls disease is not well defined, nor have any studies examined the role of surgery as prophylaxis for potential chemotherapy-induced complications such as perforation or hemorrhage." @default.
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- W102409749 date "2008-12-01" @default.
- W102409749 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W102409749 title "Chemotherapy-induced small bowel perforation in a patient with extrapulmonary small-cell carcinoma of the small bowel." @default.
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