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• W1026083908 abstract "Spatial conservation planning methodologies have traditionally been implemented under the assumption that species distributions change relatively slowly, unless they are directly affected by human activities. However, over the past 100 years, Earth’s climate has become warmer and precipitation regimes have changed. For example, from 1850–99 2001–05, global temperatures increased 0.76°C with warming in the past 50 years being nearly twice that for the last 100 years (IPCC 2007). Climate projections forecast even greater changes in the century to come, with impacts on biodiversity being expected to parallel changes in the climate (e.g. Thomas et al. 2004). Interactions of climate and land-use changes are only likely to compound the individual effects of climate change on biodiversity (e.g. Jetz et al. 2007; Pyke and Andelman 2007; Araujo et al. 2008). Environmental changes challenge the conventional approach to conservation planning, because they can alter the quantity, quality, and distribution of suitable areas for many species (e.g. Peters and Darling 1985; Hannah et al. 2002b). Some species will persist only if they can colonize new areas, although in some cases their dispersal abilities might be very limited and dependent on the existence of suitable ‘stepping stones’ between protected areas. In other cases, species might persist in areas where they can retain parts of their former ranges (i.e. ‘range retention areas’); the question is whether such range retention areas and/or stepping stones for species dispersal have been captured by existing conservation areas and, if not, whether there are tools available for helping the identifi cation of such critical areas for biodiversity conservation in a changing world. In this chapter, I discuss some of the challenges to spatial conservation planning science to prevent or at least mitigate the impacts of climate change on biodiversity (Section 13.2). A focus on climate change is given, but the issues raised and the methodologies proposed could be extended and applied to any type of environmental change. I examine existing approaches for forecasting climate change impacts on species distributions (Section 13.3), and assess the relative merits of conventional spatial planning methodologies to identify conservation areas that will conserve species under changing climate conditions (Section 13.4.1). It is argued that progress in conservation planning requires a reassessment of conventional views on persistence, namely that local extinctions and colonizations are best characterized by metapopulations in a quasi-equilibrium state. A range of spatial conservation planning methodologies that could be implemented to help mitigate the impacts of climate change on species is also discussed (Section 13.4.2). Finally, a summary of the main issues discussed in the chapter is provided (Section 13.5). The need for a greater emphasis on interdisciplinary research in spatial conservation prioritization is also stressed. CHAPTER 13" @default.
• W1026083908 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1026083908 creator A5041520132 @default.
• W1026083908 date "2012-01-01" @default.
• W1026083908 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W1026083908 title "Climate change and Spatial Conservation Planning" @default.
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