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- W102673432 abstract "The Clean Water Act governs the discharge of wastewater to all navigable waterways in the U.S. It is the explicit purpose of this Act to prevent the discharge of toxic pollutants in toxic amounts to the nation`s surface water supplies. To achieve this goal, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) was established, whereby a facility wishing to release wastewater to a surface water system must obtain a permit to do so. This NPDES permit contains the wastewater quality criteria that must be met before the wastewater can be legally discharged. Historically, specific chemical limits have been used for establishing the quality of a wastewater discharged from a facility. The EPA developed a list of priority pollutants for which maximum discharge concentration limits were established. This regulatory approach had the advantage that straightforward protocols with clearly defined quantification limits were available for compliance and testing purposes. However, it became increasingly apparent that there were weaknesses with this approach when it was used exclusively. Many chemicals not included in the priority pollutant list will produce toxic responses from indigenous biota when released to a surface water. Therefore, the EPA developed methods for directly assessing the potential toxicity a discharge may generatemore » in a receiving stream. The protocols and techniques for performing toxicity tests have been refined to the point the EPA is comfortable including them as another method for regulating the quality of a permitted discharge. This paper presents cases of how petroleum refineries have utilized activated carbon to achieve compliance.« less" @default.
- W102673432 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W102673432 date "1996-12-31" @default.
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- W102673432 title "Granular activated carbon as a toxicity reduction technology for wastewater treatment" @default.
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