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• W102920512 abstract "In recent years, forensic science has gained popularity thanks in part to high-profile court cases and television programs. Although the cost of forensic equipment and supplies may initially seem too expensive for the typical high school classroom, I developed an activity that incorporates forensics into my 10th-grade biology curriculum while staying within budget. The activity involves estimating a time of death based on fictitious police and medical examiner reports. Students review the documented evidence of a crime and compare it to known forensic information. This activity requires no elaborate equipment or supplies and my students were challenged to apply their knowledge using inquiry. Getting started First, the teacher develops a scenario--a fictitious crime complete with police and medical examiner reports (Figure 1). This activity is focused on estimating time of death, so to develop a good scenario, all of the physical evidence collected should match up within a couple of hours. The information provided in both the police and medical reports must coincide. In order to develop the scenario, teachers will need to review general background information on forensic science. The book Crime Scene: The Ultimate Guide to Forensic Science (Platt 2003) devotes an entire section to how time of death is determined. With help from this book, teachers can develop fictitious documented material to assist students in determining the relative time of death for the victim. The evidence may include * when the victim was last seen, * how the body was found (e.g., position, physical abnormalities), * contents of the stomach and small intestine, * body temperature, * appearance of the body (e.g., discoloration of skin, stiffness of extremities), and * appearance of the eyes (e.g., ocular cloudiness). Students then take this data and compare it to known forensic information about time of death such as * reduction rate of body temperature after death (algor mortis), * time it takes to move food through the digestive tract, and * length of time for postmortem conditions to set in (rigor mortis or livor mortis or liver mortis). Once students have crosschecked all the evidence with the known data, they can then estimate the time of death and support their claims. Time of death One common piece of data for estimating time of death is body temperature. On average, body temperature drops about 0.4[degrees]C per hour after death, a process called algor mortis. To estimate time of death, students can use this information to form a graph of body temperature in relation to time. Depending on the students' learning level, the teacher may either provide this forensic information or have students research it independently. In either case, students will compare the provided police and medical reports to the known forensic information to estimate when the crime took place. Body temperature is a great way to incorporate graphing skills, but additional forms of evidence allow students to estimate the time of death with greater accuracy and encourage more investigation. Additional evidence may include information about lividity. Lividity, or livor mortis, results after the blood in the body stops flowing and starts to settle out to the lowest parts of the body turning the skin purple or red. This process takes about six hours to complete. In the police report, the teacher can say whether or not the police officer noticed any skin discoloration and where on the body lividity marks were found. Lividity evidence can help the scenario in two ways. First, it allows a general estimation of time of death (i.e., more or less than six hours). Second, because gravity always causes the blood to settle to the lower parts of the body, lividity allows the crime scene investigator (the student) to determine whether or not the victim's body was moved after death. …" @default.
• W102920512 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W102920512 creator A5015377667 @default.
• W102920512 date "2005-07-01" @default.
• W102920512 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W102920512 title "Forensics on a Shoestring Budget." @default.
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