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- W103139620 abstract "Slag freeze-linings are increasingly used in industrial pyrometallurgical processes, such as, copper flash and converting furnaces to ensure that furnace integrity is maintained in these aggressive high temperature environments.Most previous studies of freeze-linings have analysed the formation of slag deposits based solely on heat transfer considerations. It has been widely assumed that the interface between the stationary frozen layer and the agitated molten bath at steady-state-deposit thickness consists of the primary phase, which stays in contact with the bulk liquid at the liquidus temperature. The focus of the present research is to determine the impact of slag chemistry and local process conditions on the microstructures, thickness, stability, and heat transfer characteristics of the frozen deposits at steady-state conditions. The formation of the freeze-linings have been studied under controlled laboratory conditions using air-cooled and water-cooled “cold finger” techniques for copper-containing and lead smelting slags, and molten salt systems.It has been shown that the phase assemblages present at the deposit/liquid interface are not necessarily those of the primary phase alone. The microstructural observations clearly demonstrate that the temperature of the deposit/liquid bath interface can be lower than the liquidus temperature of the bulk liquid for the silicate-based slag and process conditions examined.A conceptual model has been proposed to explain the observations and the factors influencing the microstructure and the temperature of the interface at steady-state conditions. It is argued that the assumption that the interface temperature is the liquidus of the bulk material represents only a limiting condition. In other systems the interface temperature at steady-state conditions is determined by a combination of the system parameters, including, slag properties (such as viscosity, thermal and mass diffusivity, nucleation and crystallisation kinetics, liquidus shape of phase equilibrium and dissolution kinetics) as well as the convective flow patterns within the liquid bath.In summary, the findings have important implications for the design of the high temperature industrial reactors and selection of ranges of melt chemistries that can be used. The findings are directly relevant to the design of processes to operate at subliquidus conditions. The changes could potentially results in significant savings of energy and increases in throughput of pyrometallurgical reactors. The findings are generic and not limited to the specific chemical systems." @default.
- W103139620 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W103139620 creator A5033186405 @default.
- W103139620 date "2013-01-01" @default.
- W103139620 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W103139620 title "Investigation of freeze-lining formation in metallurgical systems" @default.
- W103139620 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
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