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- W1033019170 abstract "This chapter elaborates the description and measurement of composition. A complete measurement of the composition of a fluid requires the identification of the chemical species present and the determination of their concentrations. The types of species to be measured in a chemical system include atoms, molecules, free radicals, ions, and electrons. The composition of a fluid is most often specified by listing the concentrations of individual components as molarities in moles per liter or as number of densities in particles per cubic centimeter. Chromatography is a countercurrent separation process that normally takes place by the movement of a gas or liquid past a stationary liquid or solid. The actual separation occurs as a result of selective partition between the moving and stationary phases, in a manner roughly analogous to fractional distillation. Measurements of the absorption of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation are widely used in chemical analysis. Electronic transitions are accompanied by simultaneous changes in rotational and vibrational energy. It is found that in the liquid phase, intermolecular interactions broaden the energy levels so that the fine structure merges." @default.
- W1033019170 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1033019170 date "1981-01-01" @default.
- W1033019170 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
- W1033019170 title "6. Measurement of Composition" @default.
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- W1033019170 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-695x(08)60881-9" @default.
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