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• W103661586 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION With its periodic trade disputes over potatoes, fishery products, logs and lumber, and woods labor, the northeastern borderlands would seem to have more than its share of trade irritants with Canada. Yet none of these industries rank high on the agenda of national trade policy and consequently they are little studied except by sectoral specialists. Perhaps a discussion of the log trade issues will be of interest to a wider community of Canadian-American scholars. This paper reviews the historic background, describes and explains Canadian dependence on U.S. logs in the northeastern borderlands, illustrates some effects on U.S. timber markets, and briefly sketches the current political tensions and policy issues. During colonial times, trans-border movements of logs, people, and lumber emerged in what later became the borderlands of Quebec, New Brunswick, and the U.S. northeast. Economic and political tensions generated by this trade today form a footnote to the story of U.S. trade relations with Canada,(1) and to the debates over log export policies which have centered on the Pacific northwest, with its log trade to Japan.(2) Log exports from the northeast to Canada are important because they represent an ongoing irritant in U.S. trade relations as well as in official state-to-province relationships. They are also of interest because of their linkages to cross-border labor movements,(3) to timber sustainability, and to local economic development policies. Nationally, imports from Canada meet about 34 percent of U.S. softwood lumber usage. As the two nations search for an alternative to the 1996 softwood lumber agreement that regulates the lumber trade, disputes about the effects of log export embargoes will figure prominently.(4) Exports of unprocessed logs have become controversial in three other U.S. regions, so the topic of log trade is not merely of parochial interest. In the Pacific northwest, an important export trade in sawlogs and chips has been controversial for decades, and exports of logs from federal lands have been embargoed for some time. Private log and chip exports have been bitterly criticized by environmental groups, some trade unions and political leaders. In the American south, exports of hardwood chips grew rapidly in the 1980's and have been similarly controversial. Finally, from time to time, exports of high value hardwood logs from the U.S. midwest and mid-Atlantic states have become politically controversial.(5) Wood from northeastern U.S. forests provides a significant contribution to the fiber needs of Canadian sawmills and pulpmills near the border. There is significant cross-border ownership of both land and mills. Some individual Canadian mills depend almost entirely on U.S. wood. Some U.S. paper mills and biomass power plants depend heavily on mill residues from Canada, and some roundwood moves from Canada to the U.S. In addition, large volumes of wood move from state to state within the U.S. Landowners benefit from selling to the best markets for their wood. Most of the timber sawn in Quebec, Maine and New Brunswick is softwood construction lumber from spruce and fir trees. Quebec is by far the largest producer (Table 1). Table 1 1998 Softwood Lumber Production State/Province Million Board Feet Quebec 7,029 New Brunswick 1,621 Maine 993 TOTAL 9,643 Source: Canadian Forestry Service; U. S. Bureau of the Census. It is primarily the export of softwood logs that has been controversial in the northeastern states over the years, although concern over hardwood log exports arises periodically as well. The extreme complexity of the borderlands log trade involves many product forms, many mills, numerous intermediaries such as wood yards and truckers, and complex two-way relationships. An example is the flow of logs from Maine to Quebec border mills, followed by the return of chips from those mills to Maine paper mills. …" @default.
• W103661586 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W103661586 date "2000-07-01" @default.
• W103661586 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W103661586 title "Should the Log and Wood Products Trade Be Regulated in the (U.S.) Northeastern Borderlands" @default.
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