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- W1036703814 abstract "Given the immediate policy and enforcement concerns of state agencies it is unlikely that state representatives and others concerned with developing policies to combat human smuggling will reflect on either states own role in creating and sustaining human smuggling or the nuances of its historical and sociological foundations. When a causal story is offered by state agencies or media it usually takes the form of either of two conceptual extremes one global and the other highly individualistic: first globalization has created the conditions for greater transnational crime of all sorts of which trafficking in humans is the most recent illicit global activity; or second some very ruthless and greedy professional criminals (organized crime) are exploiting the weak and mostly innocent migrants who are either duped or coerced into a clandestine journey. Although there is an important element of truth to these statements regarding some smuggling operations unfortunately they cover up more than they reveal simplify more than they illuminate. We take issue with these two general axioms in this chapter through an examination of two very different cases of human smuggling: migrants contracting migration merchants in Ecuador to facilitate a journey to the United States and young girls and women trafficked from northern Burma to Thailand and held in slavery. These two cases demonstrate the antithesis of the two axioms stated above; first specific historical actions by politicians and other state actors in both sending and receiving states are largely responsible for the recent increase in global human smuggling and second we need to recognize the extreme diversity of smuggling operations and activities both among and within sending regions and how they are integrated into wider regional social structures. (excerpt)" @default.
- W1036703814 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1036703814 date "2001-01-01" @default.
- W1036703814 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W1036703814 title "Smuggling the state back in: agents of human smuggling reconsidered." @default.
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