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- W103678632 abstract "The application of modern high-resolution techniques permits unambiguous analytical identification of dispersed elements or mineral inclusions in quartz, thus clarifying some questions with respect to our understanding of colour in this mineral. The application of trace element analysis, by in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) permits the relating of colour centres to particular elements dispersed throughout the gemstone structure, as in the case of amethyst and citrine. ICP-MS trace element analyses of optically clean. gem quality amethyst and citrine sectors in ametrine crystals from Anahi, Bolivia, and amethyst crystals from Maraba, Brazil, show that the untwinned z-sectors contain higher trace element contents than the Brazil-twinned r-sectors, Colour intensity, as determined by optical absorption spectroscopy, is directly proportional to Fe contents, thus confirming iron as the major chromophore in these gem varieties. The analytical results indicate that the untwinned z-sectors in amethyst quartz have higher iron contents than the twinned r-sectors, exactly the opposite to the distribution proposed by Sch1ossin and Lang (1965) based on x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Current hypotheses about the causes of colour in amethyst and, citrine (Rossman, 1994) must be revised.The application of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), together with synchroton-based x-ray diffractometry (XRD) and x-ray absorption fine structure spectrostopy (XAFS) is particularly useful for the identification of solid inclusions associated with gem minerals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of chrysoprase from Marlborough, Central Queensland, indicated that the blue-green colour of chrysoprase is associated with the presence of nanoinclusions, of a nickel phyllosilicate, tentatively identified as the Ni-talc, willemseite (Vasconcelos and Singh, 1996). Rietveld refinement of the high resolution synchroton x-ray diffraction patterns, combined with XAFS spectroscopy results, indicated that the phyllosilicate present as nanoincluslons in Marlborough chrysoprase is most likely pimelite, a poorly ordered talc mineral from the kerolite-pimelite series." @default.
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- W103678632 date "2002-10-01" @default.
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- W103678632 title "Colour in quartz: From atomic substitutions to nanoinclusions" @default.
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