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- W104025750 abstract "Abstract On the basis of the 1998 General Social Survey on Time Use, the relative participation in paidand unpaid work of partners in a household is classified into three types: complementary wherein one partner, usually the wife, does more unpaid work while the other partner does morepaid work; double burden wherein one partner does more unpaid work while doing more or thesame amount of paid work; and shared roles wherein both partners do about the same amountunpaid work. Couples who are cohabiting, and couples where both partners are working full-time, have a higher likelihood of both shared roles and double burdens, compared tocomplementary roles. Shared roles are less common at older ages, with lower levels ofeducation, and for those with higher religiosity. Double-burdens are more common when thereare no children, also less common in rural areas, but more common in communities where thereis a low proportion of immigrants. Family models can usefully consider the relative participation of men and women in paidand unpaid work. These models have given much attention to the transition from a breadwinnermodel to dual-earner families. When the focus is on domestic work, the literature is prone toconclude that the change has been from the homemaking model to women having a doubleburden. That is, the change in women’s labour force participation has not been accompanied byan equal change in the division of unpaid work, giving women a double burden. While these areclearly important family models, they can mask other distinctions and changes with regard to thedivision of paid and unpaid work. For instance, Hernandez (1993: 103) observes that the breadwinner or one-earner familycomprised more than half of American families only for the period 1920-70, and never amountedto more than 57 percent of all families. He achieves these results by separating out the two-parent farm families which were previously the predominant model, and which are not unliketwo-earner families. When both are employed, there has been a tendency to ignore the remaining differentialinvolvement of husbands and wives in paid work, and to conclude too readily that the lack ofchange in men’s unpaid work implies a double burden in the sense of women having more total(paid plus unpaid) work than men. While it is well known that women are more likely to beemployed part-time, this is not always taken into account when analysing the extent to whichmen and women take responsibility for given domestic activities. Sullivan (2000) observes thatconcepts such as double burden, second shift or stalled revolution have contributed to theunderstanding of the division of domestic work and related issues of power, but these ideascorrespond to a “no change” model that tends to ignore the potential for and possibilities ofchange." @default.
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- W104025750 date "2003-01-01" @default.
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- W104025750 title "Relative Participation of Men and Women in Paid and Unpaid Work: An Analysis of Variations by Individual, Family and Community Characteristics" @default.
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