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- W1040803713 abstract "Excessive alcohol consumption is a major contributor to diverse pathologies with an estimated 4 in 100 deaths worldwide caused by alcohol according to the World Health Organization (65). The close association between alcohol consumption and acute pancreatitis (AP) has been recognized for a long time, with Friedrich first describing the Drunkard's Pancreas in 1878, although elevated intake of alcohol had been linked to pancreatic disease a century earlier (4). More recently, a Danish populationbased cohort study has shown an increased risk of AP in individuals who consumed in excess of 14 drinks per week, irrespective of the type of beverage or frequency of intake (Kristiansen et al., 2008). A subsequent meta-analysis indicated that an elevated risk of AP exists in those imbibing greater than 4 drinks per day (26). Despite the recognized risk of AP increasing with alcohol intake its basis remains incompletely understood and no specific therapy exists (52). Intriguingly, some individuals appear more susceptible to developing AP linked to excess alcohol consumption than others, with less than 10% of heavy drinkers developing clinical disease. However, this phenomenon has no clear explanation and clearly is an important area for investigation. Progress in elucidating the pathophysiology of alcoholic AP has been complicated by the fact that alcohol alone does not induce AP reliably in experimental animal models, with additional factors required to model alcohol-induced pancreatic inflammation and damage, including caerulein, lipopolysaccharide and ductal obstruction that may not accurately reflect the clinical situation (34). Direct sensitizing actions of ethanol are thought to contribute to damaging effects (50), including activation of NFκB in pancreatic acinar cells via the e isoform of protein kinase C (58) and activation of cholinergic pathways (36). Recent work has focused on the way in which alcohol metabolism may be involved in mediating pancreatic toxicity." @default.
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- W1040803713 date "2015-07-23" @default.
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- W1040803713 title "Alcohol-Related Mechanisms of Acute Pancreatitis: The Roles of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress" @default.
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- W1040803713 doi "https://doi.org/10.3998/panc.2015.28" @default.
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