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• W104095859 abstract "On March 3, 1963, nine-year-old Jack Chase of Torrance, California, wrote a letter to President John F. Kennedy. In his single-page note, featured in this article, Jack described his plans for staying physically fit. He said he would walk to school, the store, and the library because I know a strong boy makes a strong man and a strong man makes a strong country. His statements echoed many of the ideas contained in Executive Order 11074, signed two months earlier by President Kennedy. The Executive Order of January 8, 1963, established the President's Council on Physical Fitness and clearly stated the purpose of the Council: WHEREAS recent studies, both private and public, have revealed disturbing deficiencies in the physical fitness of American youth; and WHEREAS since the youth of our Nation is one of our greatest assets, it is imperative that the physical fitness of our youth be improved and promoted to the greatest possible extent; and WHEREAS there is a close relationship between physical fitness and intellectual vigor and moral strength; and WHEREAS the physical fitness of its citizens is a concern of the government at all levels, as well as a responsibility of the family, the school, the community, and other groups and organizations; and WHEREAS it is necessary that the activities of the Federal Government in this area be coordinated and administered so as to assure their maximum effectiveness and to provide guidance and stimulation. Executive Order 11074 continued with five sections that identified who would serve on the Council, described the function of the Council, listed the federal agencies involved, explained the Council as a continuance of the President's Council on Youth Fitness, and created a new seal for the Council. The secretary of health, education, and welfare was the chairman of the Council, and the Council included secretaries from several other executive departments. Perhaps the best known member of the Council was Charles Burnham Wilkinson, who was appointed as the special consultant to the president on youth fitness in September of 1961 and continued to serve the Kennedy administration in that capacity until Kennedy's death in November 1963. Bud Wilkinson was known as the most successful college football coach during the 1950s. Under his leadership, the University of Oklahoma Sooners had five undefeated seasons, three national championships, and a national record of 47 consecutive games without a defeat from 1953 through 1957. Wilkinson's name and fame brought instant recognition to Kennedy's effort to improve the physical condition of America's youth. Government concerns about the physical fitness of Americans preceded the Kennedy administration. President Eisenhower, the former commander of Allied forces in Europe during World War II, was aware of the issue of physical fitness. Officers of the Armed Forces complained that draftees during World War II and the Korean War were physically unprepared for the demands of service. During Eisenhower's first administration, Dr. Hans Kraus and Ruth P. Hirschland published a report titled Muscular Fitness and Health in the Journal of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation in December 1953. The report gave the results of the Kraus-Weber test that measured strength and flexibility of trunk and leg muscles, and was given to American and European children. The study found American children deficient in fitness compared to European children. As a result of this report and the information he received as commander of the Allied forces, President Eisenhower established the President's Council on Youth Fitness with Executive Order 10673, issued on July 16, 1956. The Council encountered a number of difficulties during the Eisenhower administration, including personality conflicts and organizational difficulties as well as an overall purpose that was imprecise. …" @default.
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• W104095859 title "Child's Letter to President John F. Kennedy about Physical Fitness." @default.
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