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- W1042895384 abstract "We appreciate the authors’ comment on our work and agree that much “ink has been spilt” in paleoanthropology in discussing the linguistic abilities of Neandertals and their ancestors. We would not confine the “spilt ink” to just paleoanthropologists. After all, these authors are not paleoanthropologists and only 11 of their 52 citations (~21%) are written by paleoanthropologists. There is a lot of “spilt ink” and felled trees, ---the collective responsibility of decades of speculation on language origins by paleoanthropologists, paleoneurologists, anatomists, linguists, psychologists, animal ethologists, natural philosophers and popularists. We recognize determining language capacity in fossils is risky business, but contend our argument that Neandertals (and, at least, their European ancestors) likely had linguistic skills similar to modern humans is not far-fetched. Our position is not solely based on the ~90% frequency of right-handedness in Neandertals, but a confluence of internally consistent evidence from different disciplines. First off, we retract the one time we used “complex language skills,” – this slipped by our editing. In fact, we do not know what “complex language” or “complex language skills” mean since any language is complex. We only argue that Neandertals and their European forebears had linguistic competence similar to ours. There is not space to cover all our objections to their view, so we focus on mainly those related to their unfamiliarity with the paleoanthropological literature. They cite Bax & Ungar (1999) as evidence that the labial striations in the Vindija teeth may not be related to handedness. In the four samples Bax and Ungar analyzed, scratches did not correspond to the Neandertal pattern. But, Lozano et al. (2009, pp. 373-4) argued the scratches described by Bax and Ungar are not morphologically comparable to the fossil examples and are likely the result of dietary habits, unrelated to scratches left by lithic tools. Spanish researchers have done experimental archaeology with living rightand left-handers and different lithics (Bermudez de Castro, Bromage & Fernandez-Jalvo, 1988; Lozano et al., 2004; Lozano et al., 2009) and conclude that the scratches left by modern experiments exactly match the fossil marks. Finally, Bax and Ungar (1999, p. 197) conclude:" @default.
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- W1042895384 title "Replay to Benítez-Burraco & Longa: when is enough, enough?" @default.
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