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- W104465366 abstract "Montane bogs occur on northeastern Haleakali volcano at 1450-2270 m elevation, with a distinctive, largely endemic flora dominated by the sedges Carex alligata, Carex echinata, Cara nzotltis-eeka, Oreobokts furcatus, and Rhynchospora rugosa subsp. lavarum, the grass Deschampsia nubigena, and the moss Racontitrium lanuginosunt. Although these treeless areas, surrounded by cloud forest, occupy less than 20 ha within Haleakali National Park, 15 endemic plant species are largely confined to bog habitats. A mostly water-impervious substrate layer and an annual rainfall of ca. 10,000 mm create nearly permanently flooded conditions. Invasion of forest species into these bogs may be limited primarily by waterlogged and nutrient-poor soils, but moisture stress caused by prolonged periods of high solar irradiation or infrequent short-term freezing conditions may be contributing factors. Disturbance by feral pigs, beginning in the 1970s, has resulted in destruction of native plant cover and invasion of alien species. Exclusion of feral pigs by fencing selected areas has proved to be an effective strategy for protecting native bog vegetation. Haleakali National Park History and Biology of Bogs Frontispiece: Bare ground exposed by pig digging in Mid-Camp Bog. June 1982.Cmex echinrrta and Argyrariphhium pymurn are the uprooted native species. The alien grass Holclrr lunatus (shown in flower at lower right and background), invades exposed soil and progressively dominates such sites. (ACM photo) Haleakalii National Park History and Biology of Bogs TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 LIST OF TABLES 4 LIST OF FIGURES 4 e INTRODUCTION 5 HISTORY 5 LOCATION AND ENVIRONMENT 8 VEGETATION PATTERNS 12 FLORA 16 FAUNA 20 IMPACT OF FERAL PIGS 24 BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF GREENSWORD 24 CONCLUSIONS 27 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 28 LITERATURE CITED 29 APPENDIX I: The field notes of C.N. Forbes 31 APPENDIX 11: Native vascular plant species 37 APPENDIX 111: Introduced vascular plant species 41 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Haleakali National Park History and Biology of Bogs" @default.
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- W104465366 date "1991-08-01" @default.
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- W104465366 title "Studies in montane bogs of Haleakala National Park: aspects of the history and biology of the montane bogs" @default.
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