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• W10491368 abstract "Islamabad, a legacy of the post war urbanism, is the first planned city in Pakistan and one ofthe largest new towns designed in Asia in 1959 by a Greek Architect and Planner,Constantinos A. Doxiadis. The city is designed on the concept of the Dynapolis - city of thefuture, a research project also conceived by Doxiadis in 1958, which gives a framework formaking models for city plans with capacity for adjustment that will be flexible enough toaccommodate the changing needs of time. The technique allows for calculations andmanipulations of variables at any given point in time to forecast future changes. Theprecision of the forecasts can also be fine-tuned with the addition of various variables. Thecity is designed on grid-iron plan, and is divided into five zones. The plan has a National Parkarea allowing emergence and organic growth. Even though there have been considerablearguments that cities cannot and should not be planned and the future cannot be forecasted,Islamabad has flourished as a planned city of the future since 1958 and is one of the mostdesirable cities in Pakistan to live in. Today fifty three years later, like other new towns of itstime, it needs to expand and address the needs of the present day while remaining true to theoriginal concept for the city of the future, the “Dynapolis”.The city is expanding towards the semi urban area of Islamabad which has urban villages thatwere deliberately accommodated by Doxiadis in the city plan to retain the cultural heritage ofthe area as well as for the maintenance of sustainable balance providing the area as a backupfor the food needs of the city. The idea of Doxiadis of connecting the city directly to itssurroundings, leaving no gap between the city and the villages which results in a constantfusion, as the city is planned for all, forms the reality for today’s Islamabad (Mahsud, 2007).These urban villages have developed into towns and are in total visual contrast with theDoxiadis designed sectors found in the Islamabad urban area. The shifting or transformingspatial patterns in the context of Islamabad is hence studied in this research to understand theurban morphology and the forces that influence and determine the future urban patterns in thecity of Islamabad. Doxiadis’ ideas from his theory founded in 1942, “The Science of Human Settlements”which is known as Ekistics, forms the basis of and is taken as a reference point to study theemergent settlements in the Islamabad urban area. The five principles of Ekistics accordingto Doxiadis, forms the basis of all human settlements and he states that they are actually anextension of man’s biological characteristics and man has always shown obedience to thesefive principles since ancient times.This research is qualitative and exploratory case study based on in-depth interviews of theplanning experts form the Capital Development Authority and residents of G-6 (plannedsettlement) and Bhara Kahu (unplanned settlement), questionnaires, observations (personaland peoples) and photographic documentation. It assesses the settlements in Islamabad basedon four of the principles of Ekistics, and analyses the settlement outcomes through the fifthprinciple to measure the success of the planned and unplanned human settlements. Thecomparative study of the planned and the unplanned is taken to identify the elements thatdefine the success in human settlements. This success is however achieved when the needs ofthe people pertaining to settlements are fulfilled in the settlements and promote happiness,safety and satisfaction as explained by Doxiadis.A comparative study used in parallel for the purpose is the CSIR guidelines for humansettlement planning and design (2000) generated recently but bears high resemblance andsimilarity to the theory generated by Doxiadis in 1942. This study however provides aframework for settlement making and calls the successful settlements as the positively performing settlements, and identifies six structural principles and four spatial principlesessential for the creation of well performing human settlements.The research findings revealed that the needs, security and satisfaction were all defineddifferently in both the planned and the unplanned settlement hence the success is defineddifferently. The planning of Islamabad by Doxiadis has been highly admired and experiencedto be functional by the planning experts as well as the residents of the planned sectors ofIslamabad in general. However the freedom of choice exercised by the residents of unplannedsettlement has also proved to be functional for them and both settlements are found to be inaccordance with the Doxiadis definition of successful human settlements." @default.
• W10491368 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W10491368 date "2013-09-02" @default.
• W10491368 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W10491368 title "Measuring the success of human settlements" @default.
• W10491368 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
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