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• W105204309 abstract "The roots of unequal educational opportunity are deep, and higher education alone cannot redress the social imbalances that appear to threaten our country's future, the authors maintain. But neither can the colleges stand apart. All of us must accept the challenge to try to make a difference. MORE THAN a decade ago, 'the forgotten half' became shorthand for non-college-bound young people.1 Today, it is more like 'the forgotten third,' because overall access to some form of postsecondary education has been growing steadily for nearly every economic and racial or ethnic group. This growth in postsecondary participation has been driven primarily by economic incentives. Forces running deep in our economy have ratcheted up skill and credential requirements in the job market and put a premium on education beyond high school. There are no guarantees in life, with or without a college diploma. But the odds are increasingly stacked against those with the least education and training. Simply put, on average, the more education one has, the more one earns. More important, the earnings advantage of the most highly educated workers has increased during the 1980s and 1990s. And such trends have become part of the conventional wisdom. People understand that college attendance ' and often the specific college chosen ' more than ever determines who has access to the best jobs and the best l ife chances. So the good news of the past decade is that more people are attaining higher levels of education and filling millions of skilled, high-paying jobs generated by a booming, globally competitive economy. The bad news is that opportunities for education beyond high school remain unequal across society, that wage and wealth disparities have reached unprecedented extremes, and that the least educated and least skilled are getting an ever smaller piece of the pie. In a 'winner-take-all' society, the stakes get bigger. More of the 'forgotten half' may be finding upward mobility through postsecondary education than a decade ago, but those who are left behind today have less pay and less protection in an increasingly volatile job market. Education and training alone will not solve the structural problems in the employment system that are tending to widen gaps between rich and poor. Yet it is clear that postsecondary education is more important than ever, both to the individual and to our society. Estimates vary on the proportion of future jobs that will require postsecondary training, but the demand for high skills shows no sign of abating. So, who goes to college? Who goes where? Who gets a degree? We answer these questions below. We then examine recent policy trends, look at the roots of unequal educational opportunity, and suggest strategies to address some of the underlying problems. Our most important message to policy makers and postsecondary leaders is to focus on student success, not just access ' persistence to a degree, not just getting students in the door. Who Goes to College? More than 50 years ago, the original GI Bill demonstrated to skeptics in both government and academe that higher education could and should serve a much wider segment of society. More than 30 years ago, in the heyday of the civil rights movement and the war on poverty, Congress passed the Higher Education Act and committed the federal government to the goal of opening college doors to all, regardless of family income or wealth. Federal student aid and related efforts have helped fuel a half century of explosive growth in college attendance and educational attainment. Yet large gaps persist, by income and race, in who benefits from higher education in America. In virtually every country of the world, participation in higher education ' rates of entry and completion, as well as type and prestige of institution attended ' is closely associated with socioeconomic status. This association may be less pronounced in the U. …" @default.
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• W105204309 date "2000-05-01" @default.
• W105204309 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W105204309 title "Beyond Access: Improving the Odds of College Success." @default.
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