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• W10623409 abstract "Cryptic animals must trade-off foraging benefits with predation risk costs, because foraging movements reduce their crypsis, thus exposing them to predators. A forager's estimate of the predation risk associated with various foraging options will vary with its estimate of the probability that a predator is present (@). In this thesis, @ is varied to examine the influence of predation risk on the foraging behavior of cryptic animals. I show experimentally that the response of tidepool sculpins (Oligocom maculosus) to conspecific skin extract (elevated #) depends on their level of crypsis. Cryptic subjects (on sand substrate), for whom movement is risky relative to immobility, reduce their rate of movement more than non-cryptic ones (on white substrate), for whom movement is relatively safe (i.e., relative to immobility). I generate predictions about $dynamics, prey capture distances, and diet selectivity mathematically. A Bayesian-updating model specifies how information influences #, and predicts that following predator detection, @ generally decays to a non-zero asymptote, at rates dependent on an animal's vigilance and crypticity. A dynamic programming model (DPM), with state variables representing energy and @ state (the dynamics of which are specified by the updating model), determines the maximum prey capture distances which maximize the probability of surviving a foraging period. The model predicts that capture distances decrease with increasing energy state and # state, and that the influence of @on capture distances will increase with energy state. I show that sculpins capture brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) at shorter distances with skin extract present than without, supporting the prediction that prey capture distances decrease with #. The DPM also predicts that the relationship between prey profitability and danger associated with prey capture influences how diet selectivity changes with @. An experiment on juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) failed to demonstrate this effect. Finally, by coupling the DPM output with a forward simulation model, the effects of predator arrival probability, forager crypticity, and food availability on diet selectivity are examined." @default.
• W10623409 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W10623409 creator A5071100052 @default.
• W10623409 date "1995-01-01" @default.
• W10623409 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W10623409 title "The influence of predation risk on within-patch foraging decisions of cryptic animals" @default.
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• W10623409 hasPublicationYear "1995" @default.
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