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- W110014306 abstract "This chapter discusses the fabrication of both blunt and sharp conical electrodes are discussed. Conical-shaped ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) are of special interest in connection with the imaging of surfaces, in kinetic studies, in probing thin films, and in probing minute environments, such as single cells. The most common fabrication procedure is by the etching of platinum wire or carbon fibers followed by coating with an insulating material except at the apex of the electrode. Platinum (Pt) conical UMEs are constructed from Pt or platinum–iridium (Pt–Ir) wires. A 2-cm length of Pt wire is connected to a conductive wire with silver epoxy. The ensemble is then enclosed in a glass capillary, which has first been drawn to a fine point using a pipette puller, such that ∼5 mm of the microwire is protruding. The Pt wire is sealed in the glass capillary by melting the glass tip of the capillary around the wire using a heating coil or by heating over a gas/oxygen flame. The Pt wire is then electrochemically etched in a solution containing saturated CaCl2, H2O, and concentrated HCl. The etched conical Pt tips are then coated with an insulating material, except at the apex of the tip. A number of coating procedures have been reported in the literature, including radio frequency (RF) sputtering of insulating materials, dipping the tip in a varnish or molten paraffin, and translating the tip through a molten bead of glass, poly(α-methylstyrene) or apiezon wax held on a heated support. Once fabricated, the conical electrodes can be characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, steady-state voltammetry, and scanning electrochemical microscopy." @default.
- W110014306 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W110014306 date "2007-01-01" @default.
- W110014306 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W110014306 title "Platinum conical ultramicroelectrodes" @default.
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- W110014306 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-044451958-0.50012-4" @default.
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